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Gross Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the discount code for Brainscape Pro?

A

MCPHS91BS

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2
Q

Small intestine made of what three parts?

A

Duodenum, ileum, jejunum

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3
Q

Pancreas makes two important things

A

Bicarbonate to neutralize pH, enzymes to breakdown proteins, (released into the duodenum) lipases and carbohydrases

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4
Q

Fat broken down by….

A

bile

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5
Q

Spleen does..?

A

spleen filters blood, recycles heme, recycles globins

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6
Q

Head of pancreas lies in the arms of the…?

A

duodenum

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7
Q

Ligamentum teres was what in embryological development

A

Umbilical vein

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8
Q

What discs is the Transumbilical Line at?

A

L3-L4

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9
Q

What quadrants does the Transumbilical Plane separate?

A

Upper quadrant and lower quadrant

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10
Q

The Transumbilical Plane is above or below the umbilicus?

A

Below

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11
Q

What is the vertical line separating the rectus abdominus muscles? (Goes down the midline and through umbilicus)

A

Linea Alba

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12
Q

What are the horizontal lines that separate each of the recti abdomini?

A

Tendinous insertions

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13
Q

What is the line that separates the oblique muscles from the rectus abdominus? (Sort of runs mid-clavicular)

A

Semilunar Line

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14
Q

What is the layer of attachment for rectus abdominis called?

A

Tendinous insertion

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15
Q

Where does the spermatic cord comes out? (Where aponeurosis splits, common herniation site.)

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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16
Q

What comes through the Superficial Inguinal Ring?

A

Spermatic cord

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17
Q

What are the three layers of muscles oblique muscles in the abdomen?

A

External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominus

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18
Q

Which two aponeurosis makes up the Rectus Sheath?

A

Aponeuroses of the transversus abdominis and oblique muscles (external and internal)

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19
Q

Which two muscles does the Rectus Sheath contain?

A

Rectus Abdominis Muscle and Pyramidalis Muscle.

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20
Q

What are the two divisons of the lamina of the Rectus Sheath?

A

Anterior and posterior laminae.

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21
Q

What and where is the Arcuate Line?

A

Horizontal line where all three aponeurosis of abdominal muscles are in front of the Rectus Abdominus. Before the line there is 1.5 layers on either side of Rectus Abdominus which had made up the Ant & Post Rectus Sheath. Also, Divides the upper 3/4 of abdominal wall from lower 1/4.

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22
Q

The Linea Alba is on which sheath?

A

Midline where embryo fuses right and left sides during lateral body folding. In middle of rectus sheath where both sides join. All aponeurosis join at Linea Alba.

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23
Q

What is good about the Linea Alba and surgery?

A

Best place to make an incision for abdominal surgery and not risk hitting any nerves

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24
Q

The Round Ligament of Uterus is found in men or women?

A

Women only

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25
Q

In the abdomen which two vessels are inside the rectus sheath?

A

Superior and Inferior Epigastric

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26
Q

The Illioinguinal Nerve is a branch of which spinal nerve?

A

L1

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27
Q

The Inguinal Ligament connects what to what?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and Pubic Tubercle

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28
Q

Superficial Inguinal Ring is made up of two components called…?

A

Lateral Crus and Medial Crus

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29
Q

The inguinal canal’s start is called the ___ ____ ___ and the end of the canal is called the ____ ____ ____

A

Start=Deep Inguinal Ring; End=Superficial Inguinal Ring

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30
Q

What is an Indirect Inguinal Hernia?

A

indirect inguinal hernia when enter at deep inguinal ring and exits superficial inguinal ring. Goes “indirectly” through wall of transversus abdominus, int and ext obliques. Can enter the scrotum in males.

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31
Q

Who most frequently gets an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Male children

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32
Q

In males where can an indirect inguinal hernia end up? Where can it end up in females?

A

Males=Scrotum; Females=Labia majora

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33
Q

What is an indirect inguinal hernia made of?

A

Fat (most common), can also be small or large bowel (uncommon)

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34
Q

Which muscle covers the spermatic cord?

A

Cremaster muscle

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35
Q

What is the reflex of the cremaster muscle?

A

Retract testicle

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36
Q

Which ring is the start of the Inguinal Canal?

A

Deep Inguinal Ring

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37
Q

Which inguinal ring of the end of the Inguinal Canal?

A

Superficial Inguinal Ring

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38
Q

The Lateral Crus and Medial Crus make up what?

A

Superficial Inguinal Ring

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39
Q

How many layers of fascia cover the spermatic cord?

A

Three, including the cremaster muscle

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40
Q

What does the Cremaster Reflex do and to who?

A

In males. Causes testicles to retract.

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41
Q

Direct Inguinal Hernias occur through what triangle?

A

Hesselbach’s Triangle

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42
Q

What age group and gender tends to get a Direct Inguinal Hernia?

A

Older men

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43
Q

Why is it important for the tested to be counter-cooled?

A

To prevent sterilization of gametes

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44
Q

What does the Pampiniform Plexus do in men?

A

Surrounds the testicular arteries and works as a countercurrent heat-exchange system to cool the arterial blood before it enters the testis, prevents gamete sterilization due to high heat

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45
Q

The Arcuate Line marks the transition of what to what?

A

Transition in formation of anterior and posterior lamina of rectus sheath

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46
Q

Hesselbach’s Triangle is associated with which type of inguinal herniation?

A

Direct Inguinal Herniation

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47
Q

Fermoral hernia occurs most often in men or women?

A

Women

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48
Q

At what stage of life in the gubernaculum found?

A

Embryonic development, around 2-3 months

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49
Q

What is the job of the gubernaculum?

A

Aids in the descent of the gonads (tested and ovaries)

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50
Q

In men what does the gubernaculum become and what is its job?

A

Anchors the testes to the inferior scrotum, preventing testes from floating away

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51
Q

In women what does the gubernaculum become and what is its job?

A

Becomes the round ligament and also ovarian ligament. Anchors ovaries and uterus in the pelvis.

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52
Q

At what stage in life is the processus vaginalis found and in who?

A

Embryonic development (around 12 weeks), in both men and women

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53
Q

What is the job of the processus vaginalis?

A

Descends before testes and becomes the tunica vaginalis (covers the testes). In women it becomes the Canal of Nuck and can allow a herniation.

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54
Q

If the processus vaginalis fails to obliterate what can happen?

A

Herniation

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55
Q

What quadrants is the liver in?

A

Right upper quadrant (most), left upper quadrant (only left lobe)

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56
Q

What are the three parts of the Small Intestine?

A

SI made of duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

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57
Q

What is the job of the Small Intestine?

A

Where all absorption of nutrients happens. Duodonem is very short and doesnt get a chance to do much. Jejunum and Illeum.

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58
Q

What quadrant is the gall bladder in?

A

Upper Right Quadrant

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59
Q

What does the gallbladder store? What makes it?

A

Bile, made from the liver

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60
Q

What connects the Gallbladder to the Common Bile Duct?

A

The Cystic Duct

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61
Q

What makes up the Common Hepatic Duct?

A

Right and Left Hepatic Ducts

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62
Q

The Common Hepatic Duct and the Cystic Duct become what?

A

Common Bile Duct

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63
Q

The Common Hepatic Duct goes into what?

A

Common Bile Duct

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64
Q

What quadrant is the spleen in?

A

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

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65
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Filters blood, recycles heme, recycles globins

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66
Q

What quadrant(s) is the pancreas in?

A

Both the Left Upper Quadrant and Right Upper Quadrant

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67
Q

What shape/letter is the duodenum in?

A

C-shape.

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68
Q

What does “duodenum” mean in Latin?

A

12 inches

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69
Q

What is the end of the Illeum and begins the large intesting (colon)?

A

Cecum

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70
Q

Where is the appendix?

A

Cecum

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71
Q

What are the parts of the colon/large intestine?

A

Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum

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72
Q

What is the sphincter at the end of the stomach?

A

Pyloric Sphincter

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73
Q

What are the four parts of the duodenum?

A

Superior, Descending, Horizontal, Ascending

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74
Q

Which part of the duodenum are peritoneal and which three are retroperitoneal?

A

Peritoneal=Superior Part; Retroperitoneal=Descending, Horizontal, Ascending Parts

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75
Q

The Ascending Colon turns at what point?

A

Hepatic Flexure aka Right Colic Flexure

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76
Q

What is the name of the colon when it turns at the hepatic flexure (aka right colic flexure)?

A

Transverse Colon

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77
Q

Where does the Transverse Colon turn?

A

Splenic Flexure (aka Left Colic Flexure)

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78
Q

At the Splenic Flexure (aka left colic flexure) what does the Transverse Colon become?

A

Descending Colon

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79
Q

What is the Ileocecal Junction?

A

Where the Ileum becomes the Cecum, from small to large intestine

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80
Q

What does “retroperitoneal” mean?

A

Means organs on posterior wall of abdomen but covered on front/anterior side by peritoneum

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81
Q

Suprarenal Glands also known as?

A

Adrenal glands

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82
Q

What shape are the kidneys?

A

Bean shaped

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83
Q

What artery supplies the kidneys?

A

Renal arteries

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84
Q

What do the ureters connect?

A

Connect kidneys to bladder

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85
Q

Arteries that supply the GI system come off what main artery?

A

Aorta

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86
Q

Are the arteries of the GI system coming off the aorta paired or unpaired?

A

Unpaired

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87
Q

Which vein drains the anterior abdomen?

A

Portal Vein, which goes through the liver

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88
Q

The Portal Vein drains what and where?

A

Anterior abdomen, viscera (organs), goes into liver

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89
Q

The Portal Vein drains which organs?

A

Spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines

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90
Q

Portal Vein delivers blood to what organ?

A

Liver

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91
Q

The Parietal Peritoneum lines what and is where?

A

Lines abdominal cavity, on body wall

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92
Q

The Visceral Peritoneum is on what?

A

Actual organ

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93
Q

The Peritoneum is made up of what two layers?

A

Parietal Peritoneum and Visceral Peritoneum

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94
Q

Where and what does the IVC drain from the abdomen?

A

IVC does back wall and limbs.

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95
Q

Does the IVC have a direct connection with organs of the anterior body?

A

No direct connection with organs of anterior body which does absorption, but does have a direct connection with kidneys.

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96
Q

In the abdomen which organ has a direct connection with the IVC?

A

Kidneys

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97
Q

Which region of the abdomen does the IVC drain?

A

Posterior abdomen

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98
Q

Which region of the abdomen does the IVC and Portal Vein each drain?

A

IVC drains posterior abdomen, Portal Vein drains anterior abdomen

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99
Q

Where is the Peritoneal Cavity?

A

Between the Parietal and Visceral layers of the peritoneum

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100
Q

The Greater Curvature of the Stomach connects to which Omentum?

A

Greater Omentum

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101
Q

The Lesser Curvature of the Stomach connects to which Omentum?

A

Lesser Omentum

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102
Q

Lesser Curvature of the Stomach is connected to the Liver by what?

A

Lesser Omentum

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103
Q

What does a vesicle hold?

A

Fluid

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104
Q

Which artery wraps around the pancreas?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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105
Q

The Retrovesicle Pouch aka?

A

Pouch of Douglas

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106
Q

What two organs does the Retrovesicle Pouch cover?

A

Covers rectum and urinary bladder. aka pouch of douglas. cul-de-centesis.

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107
Q

Where is the Teniae Coli?

A

Along the middle of the colon (large intestine)

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108
Q

What was the umbilical vein in embryology called in adults? Where?

A

Ligamentum Teres, which is on the Falciform Ligament

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109
Q

How many layers does the Greater Omentum have?

A

Four

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110
Q

What is the shape of the Greater Omentum (think of a kitchen)?

A

Apron-like

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111
Q

What is the superior attachment of the Greater Omentum (aka where does it come from)?

A

Transverse colon

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112
Q

What are the two arterie and veins for the Rectus Abdominus?

A

Superior and Inferior Epigastric Artery and vein

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113
Q

What are the three Umbilical Folds called?

A

Lateral Umbilical Fold, Medial Umbilical Fold, Median Umbilical Fold

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114
Q

Which artery & vein are in the Lateral Umbilical Fold? What muscle do they supply/drain?

A

Inferior Epigastric Artery & Vein. Rectus Abdominus

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115
Q

The Inferior Epigastric Artery and Vein are in which fold?

A

Lateral Umbilical Fold

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116
Q

What artery is obliterated in the Medial Umbilical Fold?

A

Umbilical Artery

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117
Q

How many Umbilical Arteries present in embryonic development?

A

Two

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118
Q

Where is the obliterated umbilical artery located?

A

Medial Umbilical Fold

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119
Q

What obliterated part is present in the Median Umbilical Fold?

A

Obliterated Urachus

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120
Q

Where is the Obliterated Urachus found?

A

Median Umbilical Fold

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121
Q

What is the Obliterated Urachus?

A

Top/closure of the bladder

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122
Q

What does mesentery mean?

A

“Double layer of peritoneum that encloses the intestines and attached them to the posterior abdominal wall” (radiopedia)

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123
Q

What is the ouble layer of peritoneum that encloses intestines and attache them to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

The Mesentery

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124
Q

What is the shape of the Falciform Ligament and where is it found? What other ligament is on it?

A

Attaches umbilicus to liver. Sickle-shape. Ligamentum Teres.

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125
Q

What is in the mesentery?

A

Arteries, veins, and lymphatics. Nerves also, but they run along the arteries.

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126
Q

All aponeurosis join where?

A

Linea Alba

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127
Q

Omental Bursa is what and where? AKA?

A

A potential space. aka lesser sac. space behind stomach, below liver, floor is transverse mesocolon, in front of pancreas.

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128
Q

Where is the Lesser Omentum from and to?

A

From peritoneum of stomach to liver is lesser omentum. AKA hepatogastric ligament

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129
Q

What and where are haustra?

A

aka saculations=circular muscle on colon circumferential contraction

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130
Q

What and where are Taeni Coli?

A

Longitidional muscle on colon and does longitudinal contaction. Gives LI more surface area for better fluid absorption

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131
Q

The Omental Bursa is what kind of space?

A

Potential Space

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132
Q

Unpaired arteries supply what system?

A

GI System

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133
Q

Small Intestine absorbs what? Large Intestine absorbs what?

A

SI=Nutrients; LI=Water

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134
Q

What is the Taeniae Coli?

A

Longitudional muscle along the large intestine

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135
Q

What does the Transverse Mesocolon go to and carry?

A

To Transverse Colon, carries Middle Colic Artery and Vein

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136
Q

How many thirds is the Jejunum and Ilieum of the Small Intestine?

A

Jejunum is 2/3 of SI, Ilieum is 1/3 of SI. Cannot tell when one becomes another.

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137
Q

Can you tell when the Jejunum becomes the Ileum?

A

No. At roughly 2/3 from duodenum the Jenunum becomes the Ileum

138
Q

The Lesser Omentum aka Hepatoduodenal Ligament connects what to what?

A

Connects liver to stomach

139
Q

The Duodenum is in front or behind the Transverse Colon?

A

Behind

140
Q

What shape and length is the Duodenum?

A

C-shaped, 12 inches

141
Q

What are the two sacs of the abdominal cavity called?

A

Lesser Sac and Greater Sac

142
Q

What is in the Lesser Sac (aka Omentum Bursa)?

A

Nothing other than potential space

143
Q

The Lesser Sac is made of what types of peritoneum? (Hint there are 2 peritoneums)

A

Two Visceral Peritoneums. Not everything has a visceral and parietal peritoneum.

144
Q

What is the opening of the Lesser Sac called?

A

Vestible of Omentum Bursa

145
Q

Omentum Bursa aka?

A

Lesser Sac

146
Q

What connects the Lesser Sac to the Greater Sac?

A

Omental Foramen aka Foramen of Winslow

147
Q

What two organs is the Peritoneal Cavity between?

A

Between liver and diaphragm

148
Q

What is the Vesticouterine Pouch between?

A

Between bladder and uterues

149
Q

Rectouterine Pouch aka?

A

Pouch of Douglas

150
Q

Who is the Rectouterine Pouch only in?

A

Only women

151
Q

Who is the Rectovesicle Pouch only in?

A

Men

152
Q

What test is done on the Rectovesicle Pouch?

A

in women only. cul-de-centesis

153
Q

Is the Urinary Bladder intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal?

A

Extraperitoneal

154
Q

The Stomach is what kind of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

155
Q

Which nervous system runs the stomach?

A

ANS

156
Q

What is the most superior part of the stomach called?

A

Fundus

157
Q

What part of the stomach does heart burn happen in?

A

Cardia of Stomach

158
Q

Where in the stomach does the Greater Omentum connect?

A

Greater Curvature

159
Q

Where does the Lesser Omentum connect in the stomach?

A

Lesser Curvature

160
Q

What two things does the Lesser Omentum connect to?

A

Lesser Curvature of Stomach to Liver

161
Q

What is the first part of the peritoneum?

A

Duodenum

162
Q

What are the three layers of muscle of the stomach?

A

1 outer longitudinal layer, 2 middle circular layer, 3 inner oblique fibers

163
Q

Longitudinal Folds in the stomach are called?

A

Rugae

164
Q

What and where are rugae?

A

Longitudional Folds in the stomach

165
Q

What enzymes digest proteins?

A

Proteases

166
Q

What is chyme a mixture of?

A

Mixture of food and water

167
Q

The Pyloric Canal houses which sphincter?

A

Pyloric Sphincter

168
Q

What does the Pyloric Sphincter do?

A

Point where food passes from stomach to duodenum

169
Q

What does “coffee ground blood” mean with a gastric ulcer?

A

Slow bleed. Blood is old and has been worked on by stomach enzymes

170
Q

The liver is covered in what kind of peritoneum?

A

Visceral Peritoneum

171
Q

The “bare area” of the liver pushes up against what structure?

A

Diaphragm

172
Q

The Right and Left Triangular Ligaments attach what organ to what structure?

A

Liver to diaphragm

173
Q

Ligamentum Teres aka?

A

Round Ligament

174
Q

Where is the Obliterated Umbilical Vein?

A

On the Ligamentum Teres aka Round Ligament

175
Q

Omental Foramen aka?

A

Foramen of Winslow

176
Q

The IVC is on which wall of the liver?

A

Back wall

177
Q

Portal Vein receives blood from which organs and intestines?

A

From digestive organs. All small intestine and 3/4 of large intestine

178
Q

The Right and Left Hepatic Ducts become what?

A

Common Hepatic Duct

179
Q

The Cystic Duct join the Common Hepatic Duct and becomes what?

A

Common Bile Duct

180
Q

The Common Bile Duct is made from what two ducts?

A

Common Hepatic Duct + Cystic Duct

181
Q

The Cystic Duct comes off what organ?

A

Gallbladder

182
Q

The Cystic Duct joins what other duct?

A

Common Hepatic Duct, becomes Common Bile Duct

183
Q

Blood enter the liver through which vein and exits through which vein?

A

Enter from Potal Vein, exit through IVC

184
Q

What are the 3 unpaired arteries out of the aotra? What direction do they run?

A

1 Celiac Artery, 2 Sup. Mesenteric Art, 3 Inf Mesenteric Artery. Come straight out anteriorally.

185
Q

What kind of folds does the Duodenum have?

A

Circular Folds

186
Q

The Accessory Pancreatic Duct goes into the Duodenum through what?

A

Minor Dueodenal Papilla

187
Q

The Main Pancreatic Duct enters the Duodenum through what?

A

Major Duodenal Papilla

188
Q

What is the Gallbladder filled with and where does it come from?

A

Bile, from liver

189
Q

What does the Gallbladder release and where?

A

Bile, into second part of Duodenum

190
Q

What is the only two-way duct in the body?

A

Cystic Duct

191
Q

The Gallbladder is filled with what? Where is it made and how does it get to Gallbladder?

A

Filled with bile made in liver. Bile goes down common bile duct and then turns around up to and into the Cystic Duct then fills gallbladder with bile.

192
Q

What two places can a gallstone be found?

A

Either of the hepatic ducts or the Common Bile Duct

193
Q

Bile goes to which part of intestine?

A

2nd part of the duodenum (first 12 inches of small intestine)

194
Q

Bile gets into Gallbladder through which duct?

A

Common Bile Duct

195
Q

Which papilla allows in bile to duodenum?

A

Major Duodenal Papilla

196
Q

Sphincter Muscle is what kind of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle!

197
Q

Sphincter of Hepatopancreatic ampulla aka

A

Spincter of Oddi

198
Q

What shape is the Splenic Artery?

A

Curly

199
Q

What shape if the Splenic Vein? Where is it?

A

Straight and smooth. On back wall of pancreas.

200
Q

What are the 3 branches off the Celiac Trunk?

A

1 Splenic Art, 2 Left Gastric Art, 3 Common Hepatic Art

201
Q

What are the three “guts”?

A

Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut

202
Q

Which artery supplies which of the three guts?

A

Celiac Art/Trunk=FOREGUT, Superior Mesenteric Art= MIDGUT, Inf Mes Art=HINDGUT

203
Q

What is the arterial supply of the Foregut?

A

Celiac Art/Trunk=FOREGUT

204
Q

What is the arterial supply of the Midgut?

A

Superior Mesenteric Art

205
Q

What is the arterial supply of the Hindgut?

A

Inf Mes Art=HINDGUT

206
Q

What gut does the Celiac Art/Trunk supply?

A

Celiac Art/Trunk=FOREGUT

207
Q

Which gut does the Superior Mesenteric Artery supply?

A

MIDGUT

208
Q

Which gut does the Inferior Mesenteric Artery supply?

A

Inf Mes Art=HINDGUT

209
Q

The Cysitc Artery supplies which organ?

A

Gallbladder

210
Q

The Cystic Artery can come off which arteries?

A

Cystic Art can come off Common Hepatic Art or the Proper Hepatic Art or Right Hepatic Art

211
Q

What arteries supply the pancreas and duodenum?

A

Superior and Inferior Superior Pancreticduodenal Arteries

212
Q

The Right Gastromental Artery anastomoses with what other artery?

A

Left Gastromental Artery

213
Q

The Gastromental Arteries have branches that go to which two places?

A

branches that go to omentum and stomach

214
Q

Three branches off Celiac Trunk are?

A

Splenic Art, Left Gastric Art, Common Hepatic Art

215
Q

The Splenic Artery runs above or below the Pancreas?

A

Above the Pancreas

216
Q

The Superior Mesenteric Artery is in front or behind the Duodenum?

A

In front of Duodenum

217
Q

What are the branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery that supply the Small Intestine called?

A

Intestinal Branches

218
Q

The Small Intestine receives arterial blood from what arteries?

A

Intestinal Branches of Superior Mesenteric Artery

219
Q

What is the last branch of the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A

Middle Colic Artery. Goes to middle of transverse colon. will anastomose with branches of Inf Mes Art.

220
Q

The Middle Colic Artery goes where?

A

Middle of transverse colon

221
Q

Which artery goes to the right colon?

A

Right Colic Artery

222
Q

The Ileocolic Artery is a branch of what artery and supplies what?

A

Branch of Sup. Mesenteric Artery, supplies Cecum Ileum and Colon

223
Q

The Cecum and Appendix are a part of which gut? Which artery supplies them?

A

Midgut and supplied by Sup Mes Art, comes out of umbilicus. Cecum and Appendix and Ascending Colon are part of Midgut.

224
Q

Major Calyx in kidney drains into what?

A

Renal Pelvis

225
Q

Right suprarenal vein drains into why while Left Suprarenal Vein drains into what?

A

Right=IVC, Left=right renal vein then IVC

226
Q

Renal pyramid connects to Major Calyx via what?

A

Minor Calicies

227
Q

stopped at lecture 3 slide 18 on 3.16.16 at 11:40pm. make sure to include slide 18

A

stopped at lecture 3 slide 18 on 3.16.16 at 11:40pm. make sure to include slide 18

228
Q

What three veins make up the Portal Vein?

A

Sup Mesenteric V + Inf Mesenteric V + Splenic V

229
Q

Which vein does the Inf Mesenteric Vein join before it goes into the Portal Vein?

A

Splenic Vein

230
Q

The Inferior Mesenteric Vein comes from which gut?

A

From hindgut

231
Q

The Superior Mesenteric Vein comes from which gut?

A

Midgut

232
Q

The Superior Mesenteric Vein comes from ___gut and the Inferior Mesenteric Vein comes from the ___gut

A

SMV from Midgut; IMV from Hindgut

233
Q

The Inf Mesenteric Vein fuses with which other vein before going into the Potral Vein?

A

Splenic Vein

234
Q

What are the names of the two branches of the Portal Vein? What do they supply?

A

Right Portal Vein, Left Portal Vein. Supply right and left lobes of liver.

235
Q

The Inf Mesenteric Vein fuses with the Splenic Vein and runs along which side of the Pancreas?

A

Back side of Pancreas

236
Q

What is the job of the Portal Vein?

A

Deliver blood to the Liver for cleansing.

237
Q

After the Liver has completed cleansing blood where does the blood go to?

A

The IVC

238
Q

The Midgut, Hindgut, and Foregut all go to which major vein?

A

Portal Vein to liver then IVC after cleansing

239
Q

Is there a normal variation in the three veins that form the Portal Vein?

A

Yes. Sometimes the Inf Mes Vein joins the Splenic V and Sup Mes V where they join. Normal variation.

240
Q

The Greater Sac is the same as ____ cavity.

A

Peritoneal Cavity

241
Q

The Lesser Sac is an extension of what cavity?

A

Extension of Peritoneal Cavity

242
Q

Which two sacs make up the Peritoneal Cavity? What connects the two sacs?

A

peritoneal cavity= greater + lesser sacs. connected by Foramen of Windslow aka Omental Foramen

243
Q

If the liver is unable to accept blood through the Portal Vein what can happen to the Esophageal Veins?

A

They form esophageal varicies which bleed into stomach and cause vomiting of bright red blood

244
Q

Foramen of Windslow aka Omental Foramen connects what to what?

A

Greater Sac to Lesser Sac

245
Q

Large Intestine aka what?

A

Colon

246
Q

What are the main parts of the colon starting from the Cecum?

A

Ascending colon->Right Hepatic/Colic Flexure->Transverse Colon->Left Splenic/Colic Flexure->Descending Colon->Sigmoid Colon->Rectum

247
Q

What and where is the Mesocolon?

A

Mesocolon is the mesentery of the Transverse Colon. Attached to back wall at second part of duodenum, across pancreas, and just below the spleen

248
Q

How many ways can blood return to the IVC is the liver is diseased and blood cannot go through the Portal Vein?

A

Four

249
Q

What are the four collateral pathways to the IVC if Portal Vein is blocked?

A

1 Esophageal veins, 2 Periumbilical veins, 3 Ascending Lumbar Veins, 4 Superior Rectal Veins

250
Q

What is Caput Medussae? When does it occur?

A

Occurs during Portal Hypertention. Distended and engorged veins running from the Umbilicus across the abdomen. Like the snakes of Medussa’s head.

251
Q

What and where are Esophageal Varicies?

A

In Portal Hypertension. Happen in lower part of esophagus near stomach. Person will puke bright red blood as no time for stomach to work on the blood before puking.

252
Q

Is the Ascending Lumbar Vein peritoneal or retroperitoneal? Does it run in front or behind the Ascending Colon?

A

Retroperitoneal. Runs behind Ascending Colon.

253
Q

What is the flow from the Superior Rectal Vein to the IVC during Portal Hypertension? What does it cause?

A

Superior Rec V->Middle Rec V->Inferior Rectal V->IVC. Cause hemmeroids.

254
Q

Hemorrhoids can be caused by what vein being blocked?

A

Portal Vein blocked causing collateral flow through Superior Rectal Vein to get blood to IVC

255
Q

Which guts does the Vagus Nerve provide parasympathetic innervation for?

A

Foregut and Midgut only. Not Hindgut!

256
Q

Does the Vagus Nerve provide parasympathetic innervation for the Hindgut?

A

No.

257
Q

The Foregut and the Midgut receive parasympathetic innervation from which nerve?

A

Vagus

258
Q

Which gut does the Vagus Nerve not provide parasympathetic innervation to?

A

Hindgut

259
Q

Does the Hindgut receive Vagus Nerve parasympathetic innervation?

A

No!

260
Q

Which nerves provide Hindgut parasympathetic innervation?

A

S2, S3, and S4 which form a pelvic splanchnic nerve

261
Q

The Vagus Nerve innervates the Foregut and Midgut by going to the ____ ____ and synapsing where?

A

Celiac Trunk area and synapses in wall of organs

262
Q

S2, S3, and S4 keep the ____ off the ____

A

Shit off the floor

263
Q

Which four organs do S2, S3, and S4 go to?

A

Parts of colon, rectum, bladder, and genitalia

264
Q

Prevetebral Ganglia aka?

A

Preaortic Ganglia

265
Q

Where does the Splanchnic Nerve synapse?

A

Synapses in Prevetebral Ganglia aka Preaortic Ganglia.

266
Q

Prevetebral Ganglia (aka Preaortic Ganglia) are located where on the aorta?

A

In front

267
Q

Which are the Sympathetic spinal nerves?

A

T1-L2

268
Q

Which are the Parasympathetic spinal nerves for the hindgut?

A

S2, S3, S4

269
Q

Parasympathetic nuclei in S2, S3, and S4 for what kind of nerves and go where?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves and goes to parts of colon, rectum, bladder, genetalia.

270
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerves travel along what?

A

Arteries

271
Q

How many Celiac Ganglions are there?

A

Three

272
Q

Are the three Celiac Gangli sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Sympathetic

273
Q

What connects the sympathetic spinal nerves to the celiac ganglia?

A

Greater Splanchnic Nerve (combo of T5-T9)

274
Q

The Greater Splanchnic Nerve is a combination of which sympathetic spinal nerves?

A

T5-T9

275
Q

What does the Greater Splanchnic Nerve come from and connect to?

A

From Sympathetic Trunk and connects to the Celiac Ganglion

276
Q

What does the Celiac Ganglion connect? What type of innervation?

A

Splanchnic Nerves and organs for sympathetic innervation

277
Q

S2, S3, and S4 join together and form what?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

278
Q

The Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves connect what to what?

A

S2, S3, and S4 to organs of the hindgut (rectum, colon, testes, bladder)

279
Q

What is the order/flow of the sympathetic nerves from spinal nerve to organ?

A

Spinal nerve->Ganglia->Splanchnic Nerve->Ganglia or Plexus->organ

280
Q

The Celiac Plexus goes to which gut and along what structures?

A

To foregut along arteries

281
Q

Which Plexus goes to the Foregut?

A

Celiac Plexus

282
Q

The Superior Mesenteric Plexus goes to which gut and along what structures?

A

To midgut along arteries

283
Q

Which plexus goes to the Midgut?

A

Superior Mesenteric Plexus

284
Q

The Inferior Mesenteric Plexus goes to which gut and along what structures?

A

Hindgut along arteries

285
Q

Which Plexus goes to the hindgut?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Plexus along arteries

286
Q

The Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves become which two Ganglia?

A

Celiac Ganglion and the Superior Mesenteric Ganglia

287
Q

The Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves go to which ganglia?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Ganglia

288
Q

The Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves eventually innervate which gut?

A

Midgut

289
Q

The Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves eventually innervate which gut?

A

Hindgut

290
Q

The Superior Mesenteric Plexus is associated with with gut?

A

Midgut

291
Q

The Inferior Mesenteric Plexus is associated with with gut?

A

Hindgut

292
Q

What is a Ganglia?

A

Where nerve cell bodies are and where 1st order neurons synapse. Relay point between CNS (brain & spine) and PNS (everything else).

293
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

Many interconnected ganglia. Where sympathetic fibers (splanchnic nerves) synapse at root of vessel and second order neurononal fibers will follow arteries

294
Q

Where do 1st Order Neurons synapse?

A

On a ganglia

295
Q

Where do parasympathetic Second Order Neurons synapse?

A

Wall of organ (not 100% about this, someone correct me if I’m wrong)

296
Q

What are the three unpaired arteries off the aorta?

A

C.S.I. (Crime Scene Investigations) Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric Art, Inf Mesenteric Art

297
Q

What are the three main branches off the Inf Mesenteric Art?

A

Left Colic Art, Sigmoid Art, Superior Rectal Art

298
Q

What does the Left Colic Art supply?

A

Descending colon

299
Q

Which gut does the Inf Mesenteric Art supply?

A

Hindgut

300
Q

What are the two main branches off the aorta below the Inf Mes Art?

A

Right and Left Common Iliac Arteries

301
Q

What is the first unpaired artery off the abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac Trunk/Artery

302
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the Celiac Trunk?

A

Left Gastric Artery, Splenic Artery, Common Hepatic Artery

303
Q

The Common Hepatic Artery is off of which unpaired artery on the abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac Trunk

304
Q

The Common Hepatic Artery gives rise to what large and small arteries?

A

Large is Proper Hepatic Artery, small is Right Gastric Artery

305
Q

Which artery supplies the Foregut?

A

Celiac Trunk/Artery

306
Q

The Celiac Trunk/Artery supplies which gut?

A

Foregut

307
Q

What are the three guts in descending order?

A

Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut

308
Q

What makes up the Portal Triad?

A

Proper Hepatic Artery, Common Bile Duct, Portal Vein

309
Q

The Proper Hepatic Artery, Common Bile Duct, Portal Vein make up what?

A

Portal Triad

310
Q

The Jejunal and Ileal Arteries (aka Intestinal Arteries) come from which major unpaired artery on the abdominal aorta?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

311
Q

The Suprarenal Arteries supply the Adrenal Glands and also what other structure?

A

What is the Diaphragm for $200, Alex

312
Q

What are the three places a Ureter can be compressed?

A

1 Renal Pelvis narrow at ureter, 2 Common Ilieac Art, 3 entry of ureter into bladder most commonly when bladder is full

313
Q

What is the shape of the Renal Pelvis?

A

Pyramid

314
Q

How many Suprarenal Veins are there on each side and what do they dump to the heart?

A

One on right, more on left. Dump adrenalin to heart via IVC

315
Q

The Suprarenal Veins dump Adrenalin to the heart via what vein?

A

IVC

316
Q

How many Suprarenal Veins are there on the right?

A

Just one

317
Q

How many Suprarenal Veins are there on the left?

A

More than one, has branches

318
Q

Where does the Right Suprarenal Vein send its blood to?

A

IVC directly

319
Q

Where does the Left Suprarenal Vein send it blood to?

A

To Left Renal Vein, then to IVC

320
Q

Where do the Right and Left Suprarenal Veins receive their blood from? What does this blood contain?

A

Adrenal glands which contain adrenalin

321
Q

What happens in the Renal Cortex?

A

Where filtration happens and where glomeri are.

322
Q

Where does renal filtration happen?

A

Renal Cortex

323
Q

Where are the Glomureli?

A

Renal Cotex

324
Q

What covers the kidney?

A

Fibrous Capsule

325
Q

What does the Fibrous Capsule do?

A

Covers kidney

326
Q

What is at the Renal Hilum?

A

Where things go in and out. Renal art, renal vein, renal pelvis

327
Q

What two things make up the Renal Pyramid?

A

Cortex + Medulla

328
Q

What is the Renal Pelvis made of?

A

Major callicies (which are themselves made of minor callicies)

329
Q

What makes up a Major Calix (aka Superior Calix)?

A

Minor Callicies

330
Q

The Renal Pelvis is the opening to what?

A

Ureter

331
Q

What is the opening of the Ureter in the kidney?

A

Renal Pelvis

332
Q

What movement keeps urine moving even in space?

A

Peristalsis

333
Q

What makes up the parasympathetic innervation of the ureters?

A

Upper ureter=Vagus Nerve; Lower Ureter=S2, S3, S4

334
Q

Several Renal Major Callicies make up what structure?

A

Renal Pelvis

335
Q

What is the function of the Renal Pelvis?

A

Acts as a funnel for urine to flow into ureter

336
Q

The Renal Callicies are made up of what type of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

337
Q

Renal Callicies engage in what sort of muscular movement?

A

Peristalsis to keep the urine flowing

338
Q

Where does the SMA and IMA anastomose?

A

Middle and left colic arteries

339
Q

What is the mneumonic for the IMA?

A

LESS. L=Left Colic, E=Eliminate (nothing), S=Sigmoid, S=Superior Rectal

340
Q

What is the mneumonic for the Celiac Trunk?

A

Left Hand Side. L=Left Colic, H=Common Hepatic Artery, S=Splenic Artery

341
Q

Mneumonic for the Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

IN My Room I’m In Jail. IN=Inferior Pancreaticduodemal, M=Middle ColIc, R=Right Colic, I=Ileocolic, I=Ileal Branches, J=Jejunal branches

342
Q

Which sphincter prevents GURD?

A

Esophageal Spincter

Gross Anatomy (12 decks)

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