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Reproductive System > Pelvic Walls, Floor and Contents - Female > Flashcards

Pelvic Walls, Floor and Contents - Female Flashcards

1
Q

The external genital organs of the female are collectively known as the

A

vulva

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2
Q

What are the functions of the vulva?

A

Sensory tissue during sexual intercourse
Assist in micturition by directing flow of urine
Defend internal female reproductive tract from infection

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3
Q

What are the components of the vulva?

A 
Mons pubis 
Labia majora 
Labia minora 
Vestibule 
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
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4
Q

What is the blood supply to the external female genitalia?

A

Paired pudendal arteries (internal branch contributes most)

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5
Q

What is the venous drainage of the external female genitalia?

A

Pudendal veins

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6
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the external female genitalia?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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7
Q

What in the innervation of the external female genitalia?

A

Anterior portion - ilioinguinal nerve and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Posterior portion - pudendal nerve and posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Clitoris and vestibule also receive innervation from cavernous nerves

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8
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Distensible muscular tube which extends upwards and backwards from vestibule of external genitalia to the cervix

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9
Q

What are the biological functions of the vagina?

A

Receive penis and ejaculate in sexual intercourse and assist in transport to the uterus
Expand during childbirth to provide a channel for the baby
Serves as a canal for menstrual fluid and tissue to leave the body

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10
Q

What are the anterior, posterior and lateral relations of the vagina?

A

Anterior - bladder and urethra
Posterior - rectum and anus
Lateral - ureter and uterine artery

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11
Q

What are the layers of the vagina?

A

From internal to external;

Stratified squamous epithelium lining
Elastic lamina propria
Fibromuscular layer
Adventitia

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12
Q

What is the function of the stratified squamous epithelium lining of the vagina?

A

Provides protection, lubricated by cervical mucosa

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13
Q

What is the lamina propria of the vagina?

A

Dense connective tissue layer which projects papillae into the overlying epithelium, larger veins located here

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14
Q

What are the layers of the fibromuscular layer of the vagina?

A

2 layers of smooth muscle - inner circular and outer longitudinal layer

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15
Q

What is the function of the adventitia of the vagina?

A

Fibrous layer which provides additional strength to the vagina and binds it to surrounding structures

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16
Q

What is the blood supply of the vagina?

A

Uterina and vaginal arteries

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17
Q

What is the venous drainage of the vagina?

A

Vaginal venous plexus which drains into internal iliac veins via uterine veins

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18
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina?

A

Iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the vagina?

A

Uterovaginal nerve plexus

Deep perineal nerve

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20
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Lower portion of the uterus which connects vagina with main body of uterus

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21
Q

What are the components of the cervix?

A

Ectocervix
Internal and external os
Endocervix

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22
Q

What are the functions of the cervix?

A

Facilitates passage of sperm into uterine cavity via dilation of the external and internal os
Maintains sterility of upper female reproductive tract

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23
Q

How is the sterile environment of the upper female reproductive tract maintained?

A

By frequent shedding of the endometrium, thick cervical mucous and narrow external os

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24
Q

What is the uterus?

A

Thick walled muscular organ capable of expansion to accommodate a growing foetus

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25
Q

What are the main parts of the uterus?

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

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26
Q

What changes the exact location of the uterus?

A

Degree of distension of the bladder

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27
Q

What position is the normal uterus in?

A

Anteverted with respect to the vagina and anteflexed with respect to the cervix

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28
Q

Where is the uterus in relation to the rectum and bladder?

A

Uterus lies immediately posterosuperior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum

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29
Q

What are the layers of the fundus and body of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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30
Q

What part of the endometrium proliferates in response to oestrogen and becomes secretary in response to progesterone?

A

Superficial stratus functionalis

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31
Q

Where does the stratum functionalis regenerate from following menstruation?

A

Stratum basalis layer of the endometrium

32
Q

What ligaments provide support for the uterus?

A 
Broad ligament 
Round ligament 
Ovarian ligament 
Cardinal ligament 
Uterosacral ligament
33
Q

What is the function of the broad ligament?

A

Attaches sides of uterus to pelvis, acts as mesentery for the uterus

34
Q

What is the function of the round ligament?

A

Maintains anteverted uterus position

35
Q

What is the blood supply to the uterus?

A

Uterine artery

36
Q

What is the venous drainage of the uterus?

A

Via plexus in broad ligament that drains into the uterine veins

37
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus?

A

Iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes

38
Q

What is the innervation of the uterus?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Inferior nerve fibres of uterovaginal plexus

39
Q

What is the main function of the Fallopian tubes?

A

To assist in transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary to the uterus

40
Q

What is the lining of the fallopian tubes?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium and peg cells

41
Q

When is peristalsis of the smooth muscle layer of the Fallopian tubes greatest?

A

When oestrogen levels are high

42
Q

What are the components of the Fallopian tubes?

A

Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

43
Q

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

The ampulla (also the widest section of the tubes)

44
Q

What is the function of the fimbriae?

A

Capture ovum from the surface of the ovary

45
Q

What is the blood supply of the uterine tubes?

A

Uterine and ovarian arteries

46
Q

What is the venous drainage of the uterine tubes?

A

Uterine and ovarian veins

47
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine tubes?

A

Iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes

48
Q

What is the innervation of the uterine tubes?

A

Ovarian and uterine plexuses

49
Q

What are the main functions of the ovaries?

A

Produce oocytes in preparation for fertilisation

Produce sex steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary gonadotrophins

50
Q

What are the components of the ovary?

A

Surface - simple cuboidal epithelium
Cortex - connective tissue, supports follicles
Medulla - composed of supporting stroma, contains neuromuscular network

51
Q

What ligaments attach to the ovary?

A

Suspensory ligament

Ligament of ovary

52
Q

Where does the ligament of the ovary extend to/from?

A

Extends from ovary to the fundus of the uterus and then continues to the connective tissue of the labum majus as the round ligament of the uterus

53
Q

What is the blood supply of the ovaries?

A

Paired ovarian arteries

54
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ovaries?

A

Paired ovarian veins

55
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?

A

Para-aortic nodes

56
Q

What is the innervation of the ovaries?

A

Uterine and ovarian plexuses

57
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Anatomical region int he pelvis, most inferior part of pelvic outlet, separated from pelvic cavity by pelvic floor

58
Q

What does the perineum contain?

A

Structures that support urinary, genital and gastrointestinal viscera

59
Q

What are the anatomical borders of the perineum?

A 
Anterior - pubic symphysis 
Posterior - tip of coccyx 
Laterally - inferior pubic rami, inferior ischial rami, sarotuberous ligament 
Roof - pelvic floor 
Base - skin and fascia
60
Q

What are the surface borders of the perineum?

A

Anterior - mons pubis in females, base of penis in males
Lateral - medial surfaces of the thighs
Posterior - Superior end of intergluteal cleft

61
Q

The perineum can be subdivided into

A

anal and urogenital triangles

62
Q

What are the boundaries of the anal triangle?

A

Coccyx

Sacrotuberous ligaments

63
Q

What are the contents of the anal triangle?

A

Anal aperture
External anal sphincter muscle
Two sischioanal fossae

64
Q

What are the boundaries of the urogenital triangle?

A

Pubic symphysis

Ischiopubic rami

65
Q

What are the contents of the urogenital triangle?

A 
Fascial layers, pouches, perineal membrane
Deep perineal pouch
Superficial perineal pouch 
Deep perineal fascia 
Superficial perineal fascia 
Skin
66
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Tough fascia which provides attachment for muscles of superficial external genitalia, helps support pelvic viscera

67
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Potential space between perineal membrane and perineal fascia which contains erectile tissues

68
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

Potential space between pelvic floor and perineal membrane

69
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Irregular fibromuscular mass located at the junction of the urogenital and anal triangles

70
Q

Contents of the perineal body

A

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Collagenous and elastic fibres

71
Q

Function of perineal body

A

Point of attachment for muscle fibres from the floor and perineal

72
Q

The perineal body functions as a point of attachment for what muscles?

A 
Levator ani 
Bulbospongiosus 
Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles 
External anal sphincter muscle 
External urethral sphincter muscle
73
Q

What is the neuromuscular supply to the perineal body?

A

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal artery

74
Q

What is a vesicovaginal fistula?

A

Open communication between the vagina and bladder, urine will enter bladder constantly

75
Q

What is a urethrovaginal fistula?

A

Open communication between the vagina and urethra, urine will enter the vagina on urination

76
Q

What is a rectovaginal fistula?

A

Open communication between the vagina and rectum, faecal matter can enter the vagina

77
Q

What is cervicitis?

A

Chronic inflammation and infection of the cervix

Reproductive System (33 decks)

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