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Reproductive System > Non-Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Genital Tract > Flashcards

Non-Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Genital Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the possible causes of genital symptoms?

A

Perceived problem only - normal findings and sensations
STIs
Microbial problem that is not an STI
Dermatoses
Structural abnormalities - congenital, acquired

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2
Q

What features might cause a perception of abnormality?

A

Vaginal discharge
Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Genital appearance

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3
Q

What are some non-STI genital symptoms?

A

Fox-Fordyce spots
Vulval papillomatosis
Penile pearly papules (coronal papillae)
Tyson’s glands

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4
Q

What do organisms only transmitted by non-sexual means cause?

A

Conditions entirely dependent on host factors, not on the organism

Compared to organisms transmitted exclusively during sexual contact which cause conditions which are entirely predicted by the infecting organism

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5
Q

What are some non-STI microbial problems?

A 
Vulvovaginal candidosis
Bacterial vaginosis
Balanitis
Tinea cruris
Erythrasma
Infected sebaceous glands
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6
Q

What is the most common causative organism of vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

90% candida albicans

Can also be due to candida glabrata etc.

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7
Q

How is vulvovaginal candidosis usually acquired?

A

From the bowels

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

Often asymptomatic carriage - changes in host’s environment trigger pathogenicity
Thrush - itch, discharge
Discharge classically thick (cottage cheese-like), but often just report of increased amount

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9
Q

When is a diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis more likely?

A 
Diabetes
Oral steroids
Immunosuppression (including HIV) 
Pregnancy 
Reproductive age group

(in many cases can occur in women with no predisposing factors)

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10
Q

How is vulvovaginal candidosis diagnosed?

A 
Characteristic history 
Examination findings
Fissuring 
Erythema with satellite lesions
Characteristic discharge
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11
Q

What are the investigations for vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

Gram stained preparation - low sensitivity, might look at an unrepresentative patch
Culture - low specificity, yeast are often commensal

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12
Q

What is the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis?

A

Azole antifungals - clotrimazole 500mg PV once plus clotrimazole HC if vulvitis, fluconazole 150mg PO once
Resistant cases - determine species and sensitivities and treat accordingly

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13
Q

What percentage of women will be affected by bacterial vaginosis at any one time?

A

10-40%

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14
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Imbalance of bacteria rather than an infection

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Asymptomatic in 50%
Watery grey/yellow fishy smelling discharge
May be worse after period or after sex
Sometimes sore/itch from dampness

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16
Q

What imbalance of bacteria causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

Increased gardnerella/ureaplasma/mycoplasma/anaerobes, reduced lactobacilli

17
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis associated with in black women?

A

Vitamin D deficiency

18
Q

What are the potential problems associated with bacterial vaginosis?

A

Usually trivial
Associated with endometritis if uterine instrumentation/delivery
Associated with premature labour
Increases risk of HIV acquisition

19
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed?

A

Characteristic history
Examination findings - thin, homogenous discharge
Gram stained smear of vaginal discharge

20
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole - oral or vaginal gel

Clindamycin - vaginal

21
Q

What is Zoon’s balanitis?

A

Chronic inflammation secondary to overgrowth of commensal organisms plus foreskin malfunction

22
Q

What is the most common causative organism of impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

23
Q

What is the most common causative organism of erysipelas?

A

Group A strep

24
Q

What is the most common causative organism of dermatophyte infection?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

25
Q

What is the most common causative organism of erythrasma?

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

26
Q

What are some other genital symptoms of non-STI infections?

A 
Pain syndromes 
Dermatoses
Congenital
Traumatic
Neoplastic
Manifestations of systemic disease

Reproductive System (33 decks)

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