Pelvic Wall Flashcards
1
Q
linea terminalis / iliopectineal line
A
divide pelvis into false and true pelvis
2
Q
makeup linea terminalis
A
pubic crest
pecten
pubis arcuate line
3
Q
form pelvic inlet
A
sacral promontory
margin of ala
linea terminalis
4
Q
form pelvic outlet
A
pubic arch
sacrotuberous ligament
coccyx
pubic symphysis
5
Q
characteristics of female pelvis
A
- cavity is broad and shallow
- pelvic inlet oval + outlet round
- bones are lighter thinner
- pubic angle larger ( 80 - 85°)
- coccyx more flexible straighter
- ischial tuberosities shorter more everted
6
Q
characteristics of male pelvis
A
- cavity is narrow and deep
- smaller inlet + outlet <3 shaped
- bones heavier thicker
- pubic angle more acute (50-60°)
- coccyx less flexible more curved
- ischial tuberosities longer face more medially
7
Q
pubic symphysis
A
- secondary cartilaginous joint (a joint made of hyaline
cartilage and fibrocartilage) - between the left and right pubic bones
- has a superior and inferior pubic ligaments
8
Q
four joints of the pelvis
A
- lumbosacral
- sacroiliac
- sacrococcygeal
- pubic symphysis
9
Q
lumbosacral joint
A
- symphysis (secondary cartilaginous) (immovable) joint
- between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the base of the
sacrum - action : flexion extension lateral flexion and minimal
rotation of the torso with respect to the pelvis and lower
limbs
10
Q
sacroiliac joint
A
- synovial joint
- between the ala of sacrum and the auricular surface o
ilium - action : allows very little mobility through slight gliding
and rotation movements. In women, the ligaments of the
joint soften during pregnancy, enabling the increase of
pelvic diameter during childbirth
11
Q
sacrococcygeal joint
A
- amphiarthrodial joint (movable and fibrous)
- between the fifth sacral and first coccygeal segments
- action : allows flexion and extension of the coccyx
12
Q
pubic symphysis
A
- secondary cartilaginous joint
- between the medial surfaces of the pubic bones
- action : usually there are no movements of this joint
except in pregnancy when the ligaments and cartilage
soften, allowing the increase of pelvic diameters during
labor
13
Q
content and boundary of greater pelvis
A
- abdominal viscera
- bounded by abdominal wall anteriorly
iliac fossa posteriolaterally
L5, S1 vertebrae posteriorly
14
Q
content and boundary of lesser pelvis
A
- pelvic viscera
- bounded by the pelvic surfaces of the hip bones sacrum
coccyx inferiorly by the pelvic diaphragm
15
Q
posterior lateral pelvic wall is formed by
A
sacrum coccyx parts of ilia the sacroiliac joints and piriform muscle
16
Q
form pelvic floor
A
pelvic diaphragm consists of levator and and coccyges muscle and their fasciae
17
Q
parts of levator ani
A
consists of three parts pubococcygeus puborectalis iliococcyegeus
18
Q
origin of levator ani
A
body of pubis fascia of obturator internus and spine of ischium
19
Q
insertion of levator ani
A
perineal body
anoccoccygeal body
wall of prostate vagina rectum and anal canal
20
Q
innervation of levator ani
A
fourth sacral nerve and pudendal nerve
21
Q
action of levator ani
A
supports pelvic viscera sphincter to anorectal junction and vagina raise the pelvic floor and assist the abdominal muscles in forced expiration activities
22
Q
perineal body
A
(or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle it is found in both males and females
23
Q
origin of piriformis
A
front of sacrum
24
Q
insertion of piriformis
A
greater trochanter of femur
25
innervation of pririformis
sacral plexuses
26
action of piriformis
lateral rotator of femur at hip
27
origin of obturator internus
obturator membrane and adjoining part of hip bone
28
insertion of obturator internus
greater trochanter of femur
29
nerve supply of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus from sacral plexus
30
function of obturator internus
lateral rotation of femur at hip joint
31
origin of coccyges
spine of ischium
32
insertion of coccyges
lower end of sacrum and coccyx
33
innervation of coccyges
fourth and fifth sacral nerve
34
action of coccyges
assists levator ani to support pelvic viscera flexes coccyx
35
where does the aorta terminate
at L4 where it divides into left and right common iliac arteries
36
direct branches of the abdominal aorta
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external iliac artery
internal iliac artery
superior rectal artery
median sacral artery
ovarian artery
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37
branches of the external iliac artery
inferior epigastric artery
| deep circumflex artery
38
branches of the internal iliac artery posterior division
- iliolumbar artery
- superior gluteal artery
- lateral sacral arteries
39
branches of the internal iliac artery anterior division
- obturator artery
- umbilical artery
- vaginal/uterine artery
- inferior vesical artery
- middle rectal artery
- internal pudendal artery
- inferior gluteal artery
- inferior rectal artery
40
veinous drainage of pelvis
- inferior vena cava (L5)
- common iliac veins
- internal iliac veins
- external iliac veins (femoral vein)
- testicular or ovarian veins (left or right)
41
superior rectal artery supplies
the whole of the rectum and the upper part of the anal canal up to the dentate line
42
middle rectal artery supplies
rectum seminal vesicle vagina
43
inferior rectal artery supplies
the lower part of the anal canal and the rectum and its supply may extend up to the peritoneal reflection of the rectum
44
middle rectal artery supplies
the lumbar and sacral vertebra coccyx anorectal junction and posterior part of the rectum
45
inferior epigastric artery supplies
the anterior abdominal wall muscles and skin of the anterior abdominal wall deep abdominal wall of the pubic and lower umbilical regions spermatic cord
46
deep circumflex artery supplies
the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall the iliac crest and the skin overlying the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
47
iliolumbar artery supplies
the iliac branch of the iliolumbar artery supplies the ilium and iliacus muscle as well as contributing to anastomoses around the anterior superior iliac spine
the lumbar branch supplies the foramen between L5 and S1 it proceeds towards psoas major and quadrates lumborum which it also supplies
48
superior gluteal artery supplies
the gluteus maximus and overlying skin, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata. It contributes to anastomoses at the anterior superior iliac spine and the hip joint
49
inferior gluteal artery supplies
the gluteus maximus, piriformis, internal obturatorius, gemellus superior and inferior and quadratus femurs muscles
inferior gluteal artery gives off a branch to the sciatic nerve
50
obturator artery supplies
the muscles of the pelvis and the adductors of the thigh obturator externus provides a branch that supplies the head of the femur
passes through the obturator foramen
51
obturator artery supplies
the muscles of the pelvis and the adductors of the thigh obturator externs provides a branch that supplies the head of the femur
passes through the obturator foramen
52
umbilical artery
carries deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood from the fetus to the placenta
53
ovarian artery supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary, fallopian tube, and uterus
oxygenated blood to the ovary, fallopian tube, and uterus.
54
vaginal/uterine artery supplies
in the myometrium the uterine artery further branches out to the arcuate artery, radial artery, spiral artery, and basal artery. The descending branch supplies blood to uterine cervix and vagina
55
inferior vesical artery supplies
the fundus and neck of the male urinary bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, urethra and ureter in females when present, it supplies the urinary bladder
56
internal pudendal artery supplies
the external genitalia
