histology of urinary system

Question 1

nephrons

Answer 1

functional units in the kidney

Question 2

nephrons consists of

Answer 2

renal corpuscle composed of a glomerulus and capsule

proximal convoluted tubule

nephron loop

distal convoluted tubule

Question 3

renal tubule consists of

Answer 3

proximal convoluted tubule nephron loop and distal convoluted tubule

Question 4

renal corpuscle consists of

Answer 4

capillary ball covered by podocytes and surrounded by an epithelial capsule
capsular space is between the two layers of the capsule

Question 5

proximal consulted tubule consists of

Answer 5

avidly reabsorbs filtered glucose into the peritubular capillaries so that it is all reabsorbed by the end of the proximal tubule

Question 6

proximal consulted tubule consists of

Answer 6

tubule lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
has a prominent brush border (microvilli)
cytoplasm tends to stain more brightly than DCT cells

Question 7

which stain more brightly PCT or DCT

Answer 7

PCT

Question 8

nephron loop consists of

Answer 8

thick limbs are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium

thin limbs are lined with simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

distal consulted tubule consists of

Answer 9

tubule lined with simple cuboidal epithelium with only a sparse brush border

Question 10

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 10

specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole. It is located near the vascular pole of the glomerulus and its main function is to regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus

Question 11

releases renin to regulate blood pressure

Answer 11

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 12

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 12

juxtaglomerular cells smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole

macula densa distal convoluted tubule epithelial cells adjacent to the afferent arteriole

Question 13

proteinuria

Answer 13

in diseases such as diabetes mellitus and glomerulonephritis the glomerular filter is altered and becomes much more permeable to proteins, with the subsequent release of protein into the urine (proteinuria)

Question 14

an indicator of many potential kidney disorders

Answer 14

proteinuria

Question 15

ureter consists of

Answer 15

transitional epithelium the muscularis consists of two layers of smooth muscle that contract to squeeze urine to the urinary bladder

Question 16

urinary bladder consists of

Answer 16

mucosa is formed by a transitional epithelium

mucosal folds called rugae support bladder distension

submucosa is formed by dense irregular connective tissue

muscularis is composed of three layers of
smooth muscle bundles (the detrusor muscle)

adventitia is the external layer of the urinary bladder

Question 17

female urethra consists of

Answer 17

upper half : transitional epithelium
lower half : pseudostratified columnar epithelium
before it terminates : stratified squamous epithelium

Question 18

male urethra consists of

Answer 18

divided into three regions

prostatic urethra : lined by transitional epithelium

short membranous urethra that pierces the external urethral sphincter : lined by stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium

long penile urethra : lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium