histology of urinary system Flashcards
nephrons
functional units in the kidney
nephrons consists of
renal corpuscle composed of a glomerulus and capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
nephron loop
distal convoluted tubule
renal tubule consists of
proximal convoluted tubule nephron loop and distal convoluted tubule
renal corpuscle consists of
capillary ball covered by podocytes and surrounded by an epithelial capsule
capsular space is between the two layers of the capsule
proximal consulted tubule consists of
avidly reabsorbs filtered glucose into the peritubular capillaries so that it is all reabsorbed by the end of the proximal tubule
proximal consulted tubule consists of
tubule lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
has a prominent brush border (microvilli)
cytoplasm tends to stain more brightly than DCT cells
which stain more brightly PCT or DCT
PCT
nephron loop consists of
thick limbs are lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
thin limbs are lined with simple squamous epithelium
distal consulted tubule consists of
tubule lined with simple cuboidal epithelium with only a sparse brush border
juxtaglomerular apparatus
specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole. It is located near the vascular pole of the glomerulus and its main function is to regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus
releases renin to regulate blood pressure
juxtaglomerular apparatus
juxtaglomerular apparatus
juxtaglomerular cells smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole
macula densa distal convoluted tubule epithelial cells adjacent to the afferent arteriole
proteinuria
in diseases such as diabetes mellitus and glomerulonephritis the glomerular filter is altered and becomes much more permeable to proteins, with the subsequent release of protein into the urine (proteinuria)
an indicator of many potential kidney disorders
proteinuria
ureter consists of
transitional epithelium the muscularis consists of two layers of smooth muscle that contract to squeeze urine to the urinary bladder
urinary bladder consists of
mucosa is formed by a transitional epithelium
mucosal folds called rugae support bladder distension
submucosa is formed by dense irregular connective tissue
muscularis is composed of three layers of
smooth muscle bundles (the detrusor muscle)
adventitia is the external layer of the urinary bladder
female urethra consists of
upper half : transitional epithelium
lower half : pseudostratified columnar epithelium
before it terminates : stratified squamous epithelium
male urethra consists of
divided into three regions
prostatic urethra : lined by transitional epithelium
short membranous urethra that pierces the external urethral sphincter : lined by stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
long penile urethra : lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
