kidneys and ureter Flashcards
function of kidneys
excretion of urea uric acid creatine
disposes of waste and excess ions
regulates blood volume
affects blood pressure and red blood cell formation
urea is broken down from
amino acids
uric acid is broken down from
nuclei acid turnover
creatine is broken down from
creatine phosphate
glycoprotein secreted by kidneys that help in the formation of rbcs
erythropoietin
location of kidneys
lie against the posterior abdominal wall above the ilium and are protected by the lower two ribs
renal hilus
is the location where blood vessels and nerves enter the kidney
superior to the kidneys are the
adrenal glands
capsules of the kidneys
kidneys are surrounded by
the renal capsule (dense connective tissue)
the adipose capsule (contains perirenal fat)
the most external membrane is renal fascia
features of the kidney
- renal cortex : superior part light in color
- renal medulla : darker middle
- renal medulla is divide into pyramids and columns
- major and minor calices
function of renal cortex
provides a space for arterioles and venules from the renal artery and vein as well as the glomerular capillaries to perfuse the nephrons of the kidney erythropotein is produced in the renal cortex
function of renal medulla
regulate concentration of the urine
function of renal pyramids
pyramids consist mainly of tubules that transport urine from the cortical, or outer, part of the kidney, where urine is produced, to the calyces,
function of renal columns
medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids allows the cortex to be better anchored
blood supply and venous drainage of the kidneys
main blood supply of the kidneys is the renal artery and veins
renal artery - interlobular - arcuate - interlobular - afferent and efferent arterioles around the nephrons
blood supply and venous drainage of the kidneys
main blood supply of the kidneys is the renal artery and veins
aorta - renal artery - segmental - interlobular - arcuate - interlobular - afferent arterioles around the nephrons - gomerulus capillaries - efferent arterioles - pritubular capillaries and vasa recta - interlobular vein - arcuate vein- interlobular vein - renal vein - inferior vena cava
blood supply that wraps around nephrons
pritubular capillaries and vasa recta
sympathetic fibres of the kidneys control
the diameters of the kidney arteries and influence uriniferous (kidney) tubules
stages of urine production
flirtation absorption
stages of urine production
filtration reabsorption and secretion
what enters the kidneys
blood filtrate fluid filtered from blood
filtration stage of urine production
blood filtrate enters kidneys processed to create urine
normally NO blood cells or large proteins enter as part of filtrate
true
reabsorption stage of urine production
along the nephron beneficial molecules such as nutrients, water, and essential ions are reclaimed these are returned into the blood
secretion stage of urine production
undesired molecules are actively removed and passed along the tubules of the nephron on their way to become urine
site of filtration
renal corpuscle
network of capillaries at the site of filtration aka renal corpuscle
afferent and efferent glomerulus capillaries
capsule that surrounds the glomerulus
bowman capsule
cells of the glomerulus capsule
podocytes
morphology of podocytes
have fenestrations and filtration slits which make it highly permeable
