Pelvic Visera, Vessels, And Nerves Flashcards
What two muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani muscle
Coccygeus muscle
The levator ani muscle is (medial or lateral) to the coccygeus muscle
Medial
Where is the pelvic plexus located?
Caudal to plane of the pelvic inlets
Dorsal to prostate
Close to surface of rectum and vaginal/prostatic artery
What types of nerve fibers does the pelvic plexus contain?
Sympathetic (post-synaptic) fibers from the hypogastric nerve
Parasympathetic (pre-synaptic) fibers from the pelvic nerve
The _____________ nerve leaves the ventral branches of the three sacral spinal nerves
Pelvic
The branches of the pelvic nerve supply branches to ?
Urogenital organs (from pelvic plexus follow the prostatic/vaginal artery)
Rectum
Descending colon
What is the extension of the peritoneal cavity dorsal to the rectum?
Pararectal fossa
The ____________ pouch lies between the rectum and uterus/prostate
Rectogenital
The _____________ pouch lies between the uterus and the bladder
Vesiogenital
In the male and female, the ____________ pouch lies between the bladder and the pubis bone
Pubovesical
The ____________________ artery branches off the aorta and becomes the femoral artery
External iliac
What arteries terminate the aorta
Internal iliac and median sacral arteries
The internal iliac artery branches into what?
Caudal gluteal and internal pudendal
The remnant of the umbilical artery is the ___________________________________
Round ligament of the bladder
What is the first artery branching of the internal pudendal?
Vaginal/prostatic artery
Terminates in a cranial and caudal branch
The __________ is the cranial and the ___________ is the caudal branch of the vaginal artery
Uterine (
Middle rectal artery (supplies rectum and vagina)
The __________ artery branches off the uterine artery to supply the bladder and urethra
Caudal vesicular artery
What artery supplying the body and horns of the uterus anastomoses with the ovarian artery and is ligated in a ovariohysterectomy?
Uterine artery
In the male, the cranial branch of the prostatic artery is the_____________ artery and the caudal branch is the _____________ artery.
Artery of the ductus deferens ; middle rectal
The artery that branches off the artery of the ductus deferens and supplies the bladder and urethra is?
Caudal vesical artery
What does the caudal vesicular artery supply?
Bladder, ureteral, and urethral branches
Where can you find the internal prudential artery and verve
Ischiorectal fossa
Passes across the breather ischiatic notch and continues dorsally along the ischiatic spine
Internal pudendal artery has what 3 branches in the female?
Vaginal
Ventral perineal artery
Caudal rectal
The internal pudendal terminates in what two arteries in the female?
Artery of vestibular bulb
Artery of clitoris
The artery of the penis terminates in what three branches?
Artery of the bulb of the penis
Deep artery of the penis
Dorsal artery of the penis
What are the three peritoneal fold of the bladder
Median ligament of the bladder
Lateral ligament of the bladder (2)
The lateral ligament of the bladder contains what arteries?
Ureter and umbilical artery
The muscle of the bladder is innervated by the __________ nerve?
Pelvic
What muscle surrounds the pelvic urethra?
Urethral muscle
Voluntary sphincter to contain urine
What innervates the urethral muscle?
Pudendal nerve
What region lies between the openings of the ureters and the urethra in the bladder?
Trigone of the bladder
What are the three zones of the anal canal?
Columnar zone
Intermediate zone (anocuteanous line)
Cutaneous zone
What is in the columnar zone of the anal canal?
Mucosa of the rectum forms longitudinal folds (anal columns)
What is located in the intermediate zone of the anal canal?
Anal sinuses are formed between the columns
What is located in the cutaneous zone of the anal canal?
Fine hairs, circumanal glands and ventrolateral opening
What is located on the lateral sides of the anal canal and opens into veterolateral openings?
Paranal sinuses (anal sac)
The anal canal is surrounded by __________________ and ___________ muscles? What type of muscle are these?
Internal (smooth) and external (striated) sphincter muscle
What muscle runs longitudinally to the rectum to the ventral surface of the tail?
Rectococcygeus muscle
Dorsal surface of the rectum to the caudal vertebrae
What accessory sex gland completely surrounds the neck of the bladder and the beginning of the urethra??
Prostate gland
The male urethra is composed of what two parts?
Pelvic (pre- and post- prostatic) and penile
The ________________________ protrudes into the lumen from the dorsal wall of the prostatic part of the pelvic urethra
Urethral crest
The middle part of the urethral crest that protrudes farthest into the urethra lumen is the _______________. The deferent ducts open on each side of this process.
Colliculus seminalis
The two deferent ducts are connected by the ___________________, on the dorsal side of the bladder
Genital fold
A tubular sheath of skin that is continuous with the ventral abdominal wall that is reflected over the glans penis.
Prepuce
The deepest recess of the prepuce where the internal layer is reflected onto the glands penis
Fornix (also a vaginal fornix in the female)
The root of the penis is formed by right and left _________ which originates from the ischiatic tuberosity and the bulb.
Crura
Each crus of the root of the penis is composed of what erectile tissue?
Corpus cavernosum penis
Supplied by the deep artery of the penis
What muscle arises from the ischiatic tuberosity, covers the origin of the crus, and inserts distally on the crus?
Ischiocavernosus muscle
What muscle originates from the ventral surface of the sacrum, first two caudal vertebrae and blends with the external anal sphincter, and extends distally to the ventral surface of the penis?
Retractor penis muscle
Where is the bulbospongiosus muscle?
Between the ichiocavernosus muscles ventral to the external anal sphincter
What is the beloved dorsal expansion of the corpus spongiosum penis that surrounds the urethra and is located at the ischial arch?
Bulb of the penis
The bulb of the penis and the corpus songiousum penis is supplied by what artery?
Artery of the bulb
What muscle arises from the dorsal surface of the ischial tuberosity and forms a fiberous ring with the opposing muscle at the pelvic symphysis?
Ischiourethralis muscle
Maintain an erection by contracting to control venous return
What erectile tissue runs parallel along he os penis throughout the body?
Corpus cavernosum penis
What two structures make up the glans of the penis?
Bulbus glandis and pars longa glandis
What is the dorsal expansion of the corpus spongiosum, responsible for the ‘tie’ during copulation?
Bulbus glandis
What is the ossification of the fused distal ends of the corpus cavernosa?
Os penis
Contains urethral groove on ventral side (surrounds urethra )
Ends in firbrocartilage tip
What is located between the internal uterine optimum and the external uterine osteium?
Cervical canal
What is located between he uterine cervix and the vestibule?
Vagina
What is the most cranial part of the vagina?
Vaginal fornix
What is the cavity that extends from the vagina to the vulva?
Vestibule
What projects from the floor of the cranial part of the vestibule, dorsal to the opening of the urethra?
Urethral tubercle
What is on the floor and ventrolateral wall of the vestibule (homologous to bulbs of the penis)?
Vestibular bulbs
What is located in the floor of the vestibule near the vuluva?
Clitoris
The clitoris contains the _______________, which is erectile tissue
Glans clitoridis
The glands clitoridis lies in the ________________, a depression of the vestibule floor
Fossa clitoridis
The vulva contains?
Two labia and the external urogenital orifice (rima pudendi).
The fusion of the labia dorsal and ventral to the rima pudendi are the __________
Dorsal and ventral commissures
Ventral pointed except in mare
