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Gross Anatomy II > Pelvic Visera, Vessels, And Nerves > Flashcards

Pelvic Visera, Vessels, And Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What two muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani muscle

Coccygeus muscle

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2
Q

The levator ani muscle is (medial or lateral) to the coccygeus muscle

A

Medial

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3
Q

Where is the pelvic plexus located?

A

Caudal to plane of the pelvic inlets
Dorsal to prostate
Close to surface of rectum and vaginal/prostatic artery

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4
Q

What types of nerve fibers does the pelvic plexus contain?

A

Sympathetic (post-synaptic) fibers from the hypogastric nerve
Parasympathetic (pre-synaptic) fibers from the pelvic nerve

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5
Q

The _____________ nerve leaves the ventral branches of the three sacral spinal nerves

A

Pelvic

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6
Q

The branches of the pelvic nerve supply branches to ?

A

Urogenital organs (from pelvic plexus follow the prostatic/vaginal artery)
Rectum
Descending colon

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7
Q

What is the extension of the peritoneal cavity dorsal to the rectum?

A

Pararectal fossa

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8
Q

The ____________ pouch lies between the rectum and uterus/prostate

A

Rectogenital

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9
Q

The _____________ pouch lies between the uterus and the bladder

A

Vesiogenital

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10
Q

In the male and female, the ____________ pouch lies between the bladder and the pubis bone

A

Pubovesical

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11
Q

The ____________________ artery branches off the aorta and becomes the femoral artery

A

External iliac

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12
Q

What arteries terminate the aorta

A

Internal iliac and median sacral arteries

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13
Q

The internal iliac artery branches into what?

A

Caudal gluteal and internal pudendal

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14
Q

The remnant of the umbilical artery is the ___________________________________

A

Round ligament of the bladder

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15
Q

What is the first artery branching of the internal pudendal?

A

Vaginal/prostatic artery

Terminates in a cranial and caudal branch

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16
Q

The __________ is the cranial and the ___________ is the caudal branch of the vaginal artery

A

Uterine (

Middle rectal artery (supplies rectum and vagina)

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17
Q

The __________ artery branches off the uterine artery to supply the bladder and urethra

A

Caudal vesicular artery

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18
Q

What artery supplying the body and horns of the uterus anastomoses with the ovarian artery and is ligated in a ovariohysterectomy?

A

Uterine artery

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19
Q

In the male, the cranial branch of the prostatic artery is the_____________ artery and the caudal branch is the _____________ artery.

A

Artery of the ductus deferens ; middle rectal

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20
Q

The artery that branches off the artery of the ductus deferens and supplies the bladder and urethra is?

A

Caudal vesical artery

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21
Q

What does the caudal vesicular artery supply?

A

Bladder, ureteral, and urethral branches

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22
Q

Where can you find the internal prudential artery and verve

A

Ischiorectal fossa

Passes across the breather ischiatic notch and continues dorsally along the ischiatic spine

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23
Q

Internal pudendal artery has what 3 branches in the female?

A

Vaginal
Ventral perineal artery
Caudal rectal

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24
Q

The internal pudendal terminates in what two arteries in the female?

A

Artery of vestibular bulb

Artery of clitoris

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25
Q

The artery of the penis terminates in what three branches?

A

Artery of the bulb of the penis
Deep artery of the penis
Dorsal artery of the penis

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26
Q

What are the three peritoneal fold of the bladder

A

Median ligament of the bladder

Lateral ligament of the bladder (2)

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27
Q

The lateral ligament of the bladder contains what arteries?

A

Ureter and umbilical artery

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28
Q

The muscle of the bladder is innervated by the __________ nerve?

A

Pelvic

29
Q

What muscle surrounds the pelvic urethra?

A

Urethral muscle

Voluntary sphincter to contain urine

30
Q

What innervates the urethral muscle?

A

Pudendal nerve

31
Q

What region lies between the openings of the ureters and the urethra in the bladder?

A

Trigone of the bladder

32
Q

What are the three zones of the anal canal?

A

Columnar zone
Intermediate zone (anocuteanous line)
Cutaneous zone

33
Q

What is in the columnar zone of the anal canal?

A

Mucosa of the rectum forms longitudinal folds (anal columns)

34
Q

What is located in the intermediate zone of the anal canal?

A

Anal sinuses are formed between the columns

35
Q

What is located in the cutaneous zone of the anal canal?

A

Fine hairs, circumanal glands and ventrolateral opening

36
Q

What is located on the lateral sides of the anal canal and opens into veterolateral openings?

A

Paranal sinuses (anal sac)

37
Q

The anal canal is surrounded by __________________ and ___________ muscles? What type of muscle are these?

A

Internal (smooth) and external (striated) sphincter muscle

38
Q

What muscle runs longitudinally to the rectum to the ventral surface of the tail?

A

Rectococcygeus muscle

Dorsal surface of the rectum to the caudal vertebrae

39
Q

What accessory sex gland completely surrounds the neck of the bladder and the beginning of the urethra??

A

Prostate gland

40
Q

The male urethra is composed of what two parts?

A

Pelvic (pre- and post- prostatic) and penile

41
Q

The ________________________ protrudes into the lumen from the dorsal wall of the prostatic part of the pelvic urethra

A

Urethral crest

42
Q

The middle part of the urethral crest that protrudes farthest into the urethra lumen is the _______________. The deferent ducts open on each side of this process.

A

Colliculus seminalis

43
Q

The two deferent ducts are connected by the ___________________, on the dorsal side of the bladder

A

Genital fold

44
Q

A tubular sheath of skin that is continuous with the ventral abdominal wall that is reflected over the glans penis.

A

Prepuce

45
Q

The deepest recess of the prepuce where the internal layer is reflected onto the glands penis

A

Fornix (also a vaginal fornix in the female)

46
Q

The root of the penis is formed by right and left _________ which originates from the ischiatic tuberosity and the bulb.

A

Crura

47
Q

Each crus of the root of the penis is composed of what erectile tissue?

A

Corpus cavernosum penis

Supplied by the deep artery of the penis

48
Q

What muscle arises from the ischiatic tuberosity, covers the origin of the crus, and inserts distally on the crus?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

49
Q

What muscle originates from the ventral surface of the sacrum, first two caudal vertebrae and blends with the external anal sphincter, and extends distally to the ventral surface of the penis?

A

Retractor penis muscle

50
Q

Where is the bulbospongiosus muscle?

A

Between the ichiocavernosus muscles ventral to the external anal sphincter

51
Q

What is the beloved dorsal expansion of the corpus spongiosum penis that surrounds the urethra and is located at the ischial arch?

A

Bulb of the penis

52
Q

The bulb of the penis and the corpus songiousum penis is supplied by what artery?

A

Artery of the bulb

53
Q

What muscle arises from the dorsal surface of the ischial tuberosity and forms a fiberous ring with the opposing muscle at the pelvic symphysis?

A

Ischiourethralis muscle

Maintain an erection by contracting to control venous return

54
Q

What erectile tissue runs parallel along he os penis throughout the body?

A

Corpus cavernosum penis

55
Q

What two structures make up the glans of the penis?

A

Bulbus glandis and pars longa glandis

56
Q

What is the dorsal expansion of the corpus spongiosum, responsible for the ‘tie’ during copulation?

A

Bulbus glandis

57
Q

What is the ossification of the fused distal ends of the corpus cavernosa?

A

Os penis
Contains urethral groove on ventral side (surrounds urethra )
Ends in firbrocartilage tip

58
Q

What is located between the internal uterine optimum and the external uterine osteium?

A

Cervical canal

59
Q

What is located between he uterine cervix and the vestibule?

A

Vagina

60
Q

What is the most cranial part of the vagina?

A

Vaginal fornix

61
Q

What is the cavity that extends from the vagina to the vulva?

A

Vestibule

62
Q

What projects from the floor of the cranial part of the vestibule, dorsal to the opening of the urethra?

A

Urethral tubercle

63
Q

What is on the floor and ventrolateral wall of the vestibule (homologous to bulbs of the penis)?

A

Vestibular bulbs

64
Q

What is located in the floor of the vestibule near the vuluva?

A

Clitoris

65
Q

The clitoris contains the _______________, which is erectile tissue

A

Glans clitoridis

66
Q

The glands clitoridis lies in the ________________, a depression of the vestibule floor

A

Fossa clitoridis

67
Q

The vulva contains?

A

Two labia and the external urogenital orifice (rima pudendi).

68
Q

The fusion of the labia dorsal and ventral to the rima pudendi are the __________

A

Dorsal and ventral commissures

Ventral pointed except in mare

Gross Anatomy II (11 decks)

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