Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gross Anatomy II > Nociception And Proprioception > Flashcards

Nociception And Proprioception Flashcards

1
Q

Receptors that receive information about the external environment (i.e. Touch, temp, pain)

A

Exterceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Receptors that receive information about the internal environment (i.e. Stretch receptors of organs/ visceral pain perception)

A

Interoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

___________ provides information about the position and movement of the body

A

Proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 destinations of general sensory afferent (GSA) neurons?

A

Spinal cord segments

Cortex (via thalamus) conscious perception

Cerebellum -unconscious proprioception (muscle tone and balance)

ARAS (ascending reticular activating system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What system maintain wakefulness?

A

Recticular formation (ARAS)

Neuronal network within the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is parallel processing ?

A

Different aspects of the same sensory experience are perceived in different parts of the brain

Eg color, motion, form, and depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the somatosensory pathway?

A

Receptor -> 1st order neuron (afferent) -> stimulation interneurons (2nd order) which may synapse other interneurons-> thalamus -> cortex

most will decussate to contralateral side
Excitatory or inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the relay and processing point for all conscious perception, except olfactory?

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three different pathways by which somatosensory pathways can reach the cortex?

A
  1. Afferent -> synapse to interneuron and ascend on ipsilateral side -> synapse to interneuron in lateral cervical nucleus-> decussate -> synapse in thalamus -> cortex
  2. Afferent -> ascend ipsilatterally in spinal cord before synapsing onto interneuron in the nucleus gracilis and cuneatus-> thalamus—-> cortex
  3. Afferent -> synapse and decussate to contralateral side -> ascend-> thalamus -> cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are two important somatosensory pathways in the dorsal column of the spinal cord?

A

Fasciculus cuneatus

Fasciculus gracilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___________ position is assessed via joint angle

A

Static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

___________ position is assessed via movement of joints and muscles

A

Kinesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

General proprioception has two pathways. The ___________ pathway terminates in the cerebral cortex and the _____________ pathway goes to the cerebellum or the spinal cord

A

Conscious; unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two primary conscious proprioceptive pathways?

A

Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway (DCML)

Trigeminal-Medial Lemniscal Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Dorsal Column- Medial Lemniscal Pathway carry conscious proprioception about

A

Limbs and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Trigeminal-Medial Lemniscal Pathway carry conscious proprioception about

A

Face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the Dorsal Column- Medial Lemniscal Pathway receptors??

A

Muscle spindles (change in muscle length)

Golgi tendon organs (tension in tendon and joint capsules)

Cutaneous mechanoreceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the dorsal column what are the two tracts for conscious proprioception?

A 
Fasciculus gracilis (medial) 
Fasciculus cuneatus (lateral)))))
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The ______________ transmits sensory information from the lower body and is medially located in the dorsal column

A

Fasciculus gracilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The ____________ transmits sensory information from the upper body and is laterally located in the dorsal column

A

Fasciculus cuneatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tracts of conscious proprioception traveling in the dorsal column will travel (ipsilateral or contralateral)?

A

Ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The dorsal column CP pathways decussate in the ________

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The dorsal column CP pathways synapse onto second order neurons in the medulla at the _________ and ___________ nuclei

A

Cuneate and gracile

correspond to the tracts they run in… fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
2nd order neurons from the cuneate/gracile nuclei travel in the _________ to the thalamus
Medial lemniscus
26
Sensory information from the face travels in the trigeminal nerve to the ____________nucleus
Trigeminal nucleus
27
What is the conscious proprioceptive pathway of the face?
Trigeminal nerve (afferent) -> trigeminal nucleus -> 2nd order neuron -> medial leminiscus -> thalamus -> 3rd order neuron -> cortex
28
What can be observed in a proprioceptive deficit?
``` Gait abnormalities -long stride -hypermetria (excessive flexion) -wide swing phase Knuckling/dragging/scuffing toes ```
29
At what levels can a lesion occurs that would lead to proprioceptive ataxia
``` Peripheral nerve Dorsal root Spinal cord Brainstem Thalamus Cortex ```
30
What is the processing of noxious stimuli?
Transduction -> stimuli to electrical signal Transmission -> AP to spinal cord Modulation -> modified in the spinal cord Perception -> awareness = nocciception
31
What kind of pain perception is discriminative and may be perceived as more "uncomfortable"
Superficial pain
32
What type of pain is non-discriminative but elicits strong behavioral responses or changes, referred to as "true pain"
Deep pain
33
Superficial pain perception is received by nociceptors in the _________ while deep pain perception is received by nociceptors in the ________________
Skin; muscle, joint, and bone
34
What are the fast conducting nociceptive fibers
Myelinated (A-delta)
35
What are the slow conducting nociceptive neuron fibers
Unmyeliniated (C) fibers
36
What are characteristics of myelinated (A-delta) fibers?
Fast conduction and accurate localization Sharp pinprick pain Pain does not outlast stimulus Activated by mechanical and temperature stimuli of painful realm (and cold temperature) Afferent component of reflex arcs
37
High levels of ___________________ fibers are found in the skin
Myelinated (A-delta) fibers
38
What are characteristics of Unmyelinated (C) neuron fibers
Slow conducting; not accurately localized Dull, aching, throbbing pain Can persist after stimulus is removed High activation threshold Activated by mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli
39
High levels of _______________ fibers are found in deep tissues (eg viscera or bone)
Unmyelinated (C) neuron fibers
40
What two ascending nociceptive pathways transmit superficial pain?
Spinocervicothalamic Spinothalamic Also transmit tactile sensation
41
The ___________ tract transmits deep and visceral pain
Spinorecticular
42
True/False: Somatotopy is well defined in the spinorecticulr tract
False Not well defined due to multiple synapses and a larger receptive field
43
What is the pathway of the spinocervicothalamic tract?
Primary neuron -> synapse at dorsal horn -> 2nd order neuron ascends ipsilaterally in lateral funiculus ->synapse at lateral cervical nucleus(C1/C2) -> 3rd order neuron decussate in medulla -> synapse to 4th order neuron in thalamus -> cortex
44
What is the pathway of the spinothalamic tract?
Primary neuron -> synapse, decussate immediately and ascend in contralateral side -> lateral cervical nucleus (C1/C2)->3rd order neuron-> -> thalamus -> cortex
45
Describe the spinorectular tract
Multisynaptic Synapse every 3-5 segments Remain ipsilateral or contralateral Ascend to reticular formation and thalamus -> cortex
46
The ___________ system is activated via the thalamus for emotional response to pain from the spinorecticular tract
Limbic
47
What role does the limbic system play in pain response. How could a lesion affect this response?
Limbic system -> negative emotional response to main Lesion -> can feel and identify pain, but have no aversion to it
48
Nociception from the head is transmitted via the _________ nerve
Trigeminal
49
What type of pain arises from trauma or inflammation, is appropriate, and protective to the body
Acute pain
50
What type of pain persists beyond the time frame of the disease/injury, a maladaptive resposne.
Chronic pain
51
What type of neurons are responsible for referred pain?
Wide dynamic range (WDR) nociceptive and non-noxious stimuli both synapse onto the same WDR neuron -> perceive pain coming from the non-noxious neuron
52
What is the purpose of inflammatory mediators?
Directly stimulates nociceptors Lowers threshold of nociceptors -in damaged/inflamed tissues the nociceptors are more easily activated and the perception of pain occurs more frequently with stimulation
53
_____________is released by sensory nerve terminals in response to a noxious stimuli. What is its purpose?
Substance P Neurotransmitter and inflammatory mediator -> increased sensitization of nociceptors and other sensory receptors
54
________ is when a minimal noxious stimuli produces greater than normal nociceptive activity
Hyperalgesia
55
__________ is when an innocuous stimuli provokes a pain response
Allodynia
56
What can contribute to hyperalgesia and allodynia?
Substance P-> sensitization of nociceptors and innocuous nerve fibers
57
What is wind-up?
Continuous firing of afferent nociceptors Repeated stimulation of C type fibers -> sustained depolarization of spinal cord neurons Prolonged stimuli leads to decreased threshold -> less stimulus is required to induce pain
58
What neurotransmitters have anti-nociceptive properties?
Endorphins, enkephalins, serotonin, and norepinephrine Decrease pain perception
59
What is gate control theory
Inputs from non-nociceptive fibers activate inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord -> inhibit projection neurons (pain) to the thalamus ``` Eg Compression Massage Water therapy Acupuncture ```
60
What is the decreased perception of pain
Hypoalgesia
61
What is the complete absence of pain perception?
Analgesia
62
What is the absence of all sensory perception
Anesthesia
63
What nerve fibers are involved in itch
Mainly C type, some A-delta types travels in same pathway as nocicpetion
64
Where does differentiation between pain and itch occur
Spinal cord
65
Do you test for deep pain if superficial pain is intact?
No Superficial pain would be lost before deep pain
66
Is it possible to have an absent withdrawal reflex and an normal deep pain reaction
Yes Lesion could be relative to somatic efferent when afferent neurons, interneurons, and nociceptive pathways are intact

Gross Anatomy II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions