Large Animal Repro Flashcards by Corinne Perra

What animal has a rounded ventral commissure

Mare

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What areas do you swab for Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)?

Clitoral sinuses
Clitoral fossa
Cervix (pregnant or mid-cycle)
Endometrium (estrus)

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What is the blind sac in the floor of in the urethra of the cow and sow?

Suburethral diverticulum

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What blood vessels supply the vagina, vestibule, and vulva in the cow and mare?

Branches of the internal pudendal artery - vaginal artery, ventral perineal
Branches of the external pudendal artery

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What ligament lies between the horns of the bicornate uterus?

Intercornual liganments

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What ate the oval/round thickening in the uterus of the cow and ewe?

Caruncles

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What is the function of caruncles??

Only site in the uterus to form attachements with fetal membranes

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Caruncles in the cow are ____________ and ___________ in the ewe. (Concave/convex)

Caruncles in the cow are convex and concave in the ewe

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How does the mare, cow, and sow cervix differ from each other?

Cow= cervical folds 
Mare= longitudinal folds
Sow= interdigitating muscosal promincences (junctions are ill defined)

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What is the blood supply to the uterus in the cow?

Aorta -> ovarian artery -> uterine branch

      - > Internal iliac -> umbilical  -> uterine artery  -> uterine branches (ovarian and vaginal)
                                - > internal pudendal -> vaginal ->uterine branch

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What is the blood supply to the uterus in the mare?

Aorta -> ovarian a -> uterine branch

 - > -> external iliac -> uterine artery -> uterine branch 
     - > internal iliac -> internal pudendal -> vaginal -> uterine branch

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The uterine tube is divided into what three parts?

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

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In what species is the ovarian medulla and cortex reversed

Mare

Ovulation only occurs at one location, the ovulation fossa

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What is the blood supply to the ovaries?

Aorta -> ovarian a

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What is the main uterine supply in the mare?

External iliac -> uterine a.

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What is the main uterine supply in the cow?

Umbilical artery -> uterine artery

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Where is the ovarian bursa located?

Sac formed by the mesovarium and mesospalpinx

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The mammary of a cow each contains how many gland systems?

One

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What are the components of the suspensory apparatus of the mammae?

Lateral laminae (fibrous) 
Medial laminae (elastic)

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The cow has __________ mammary glands, each called a _____________.

Four, quarter

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The mare mammae has a right and left gland containing how many gland systems?

Two

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What is the pathway of milk production in the mammary glands?

Glandular tissue -> lactiferous ducts -> lactiferous sinus (gland sinus and teat sinus)
Gland sinus -> teat canal ->teat orifice

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Where is the glands sinus located in the mammae?

Base of the teat

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Enlarged space within each teat that receives content from gland sinus?

Teat sinus

Teat sinus drains into the _________________ which is surrounded by a sphincter

Teat canal

The teat canal opens through the ___________

Teat orifice

What is the blood supply for the mammae in the bitch, queen, and sow?

Crainal and caudal superficial epigastric arteries

What is the blood supply for the mammae in the mare and ruminants?

Cranial and caudal mammary arteries Cranial mammary artery is equivalent to the caudal superficial epigrastric

What is the major venous return from the udder?

Subcutaneous abdominal vein AKA milk vein Anastomoses of the cranial and caudal superficial epigastric

What is the point where the cranial superficial epigastric (subcutaneous abdominal vein) perforated the abdominal wall near the xyphoid cartilage called?

Milk well

What are the mammary lymph nodes?

Superficial inguinal

What are the four types of placenta?

Diffuse Zonary Discoid Cotyledonary

What kind of placenta has chorionic vili over the majority of the surface? What species is this found in?

Diffuse placenta | Mare and pig

What type of placenta has fetal cotyledons that oppose the maternal caruncles forming a placentome? What species is this found in?

Cotyledonary placenta | Ruminants

What type of placenta has vili that develop in a band of chorion? Found in what species?

Zonary Placenta | Dog and cat

What is the difference between open and closed castration?

Closed- leaves parietal vaginal tunic intact (do not expose vaginal tunic). Open - goes through parietal vaginal tunic, opening vaginal cavity

What is the spermatic chord composed of?

``` Ductus deferens Testicular artery and vein Serous membranes (mesoductus deferens and mesorchum) ```

What artery supplies the ductus deferens?

Artery of the ductus deferens Branch of the internal pudendal, except in bull where it is a branch off of the umbilical artery

What are the two types of penis?

Musculocavernosus | Fibroelastic

What species do you find a musculocavernosus penis?

Stallion and dog Large amounts of erectile tissue

What species do you find a fibroelastic penis?

Bull, boar, ram Limited erectile tissue, contains a sigmoid flexure

What is the paired muscle at the root of the penis?

Ischiocavernosus m

What muscle overlaps the bulb of the penis and extends down caudal and ventral surfaces

Bulbospongiousus m

In the stallion, what is the small blind sac above the urethral process?

Urethral sinus Accumulation of smegma

What species has spines on their glands penis, induced by testosterone

Thomas O'Mally the Alley cat

What is the blood supply to the penis in the bull/boar/ram?

Internal iliac -> internal pudendal -> artery of the penis - >artery of the bulb of the penis - >deep artery of the penis - > dorsal artery of the penis

What is the blood supply to the penis in the stallion?

Internal lilac -> internal prudential -> artery of the penis Internal iliac -> caudal gluteal -> cranial gluteal -> obturator artery ->. Middle artery of the penis External iliac -> pudendoepigastric trunk -> external pudendal -> cranial artery of the penis

What striated muscle surrounds the pelvic urethra?

Urethralis muscle

In the equine, the internal lamina of the prepuse gives rise to an additional _____________ fold which forms the ______________ ring at its cranial border.

Preputial fold | Preputial ring

What sac above the glands penis is found in the boar and contains pheromones?

Preputial diverticulum

What are the accessory sex glands of the male

Ampulla Vesicular (seminal) gland Prostate Bulbourethral gland

What gland is an enlargement of the ductus deferens and opens into the pelvic urethra?

Ampulla

What paired glands are found dorsalcranial to the pelvic urethra?

Vesicular glands

What are the two types of prostate gland? What species are they found in?

Corpus prostate - stallion, bull, boar, dog, tom Disseminate prostate (glandular tissue distributed along the lateral walls of urethra) - bull, ram, boar

What glands are found on either side of the urethra near the ischial arch?

Bulbourethral glands Present in stallion, bull, small ruminant, boar, tom

Boars do not have what accessory sex gland?

Ampulla

Dogs ONLY have what accessory sex gland?

Prostate

Tom cats have what two accessory sex glands?

Prostate and bulbourethral glands