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Gross Anatomy II > Large Animal Repro > Flashcards

Large Animal Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What animal has a rounded ventral commissure

A

Mare

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2
Q

What areas do you swab for Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)?

A

Clitoral sinuses
Clitoral fossa
Cervix (pregnant or mid-cycle)
Endometrium (estrus)

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3
Q

What is the blind sac in the floor of in the urethra of the cow and sow?

A

Suburethral diverticulum

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4
Q

What blood vessels supply the vagina, vestibule, and vulva in the cow and mare?

A

Branches of the internal pudendal artery - vaginal artery, ventral perineal
Branches of the external pudendal artery

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5
Q

What ligament lies between the horns of the bicornate uterus?

A

Intercornual liganments

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6
Q

What ate the oval/round thickening in the uterus of the cow and ewe?

A

Caruncles

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7
Q

What is the function of caruncles??

A

Only site in the uterus to form attachements with fetal membranes

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8
Q

Caruncles in the cow are ____________ and ___________ in the ewe. (Concave/convex)

A

Caruncles in the cow are convex and concave in the ewe

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9
Q

How does the mare, cow, and sow cervix differ from each other?

A 
Cow= cervical folds 
Mare= longitudinal folds
Sow= interdigitating muscosal promincences (junctions are ill defined)
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10
Q

What is the blood supply to the uterus in the cow?

A

Aorta -> ovarian artery -> uterine branch

      - > Internal iliac -> umbilical  -> uterine artery  -> uterine branches (ovarian and vaginal)
                                - > internal pudendal -> vaginal ->uterine branch
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11
Q

What is the blood supply to the uterus in the mare?

A

Aorta -> ovarian a -> uterine branch

 - > -> external iliac -> uterine artery -> uterine branch 
     - > internal iliac -> internal pudendal -> vaginal -> uterine branch
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12
Q

The uterine tube is divided into what three parts?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

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13
Q

In what species is the ovarian medulla and cortex reversed

A

Mare

Ovulation only occurs at one location, the ovulation fossa

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14
Q

What is the blood supply to the ovaries?

A

Aorta -> ovarian a

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15
Q

What is the main uterine supply in the mare?

A

External iliac -> uterine a.

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16
Q

What is the main uterine supply in the cow?

A

Umbilical artery -> uterine artery

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17
Q

Where is the ovarian bursa located?

A

Sac formed by the mesovarium and mesospalpinx

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18
Q

The mammary of a cow each contains how many gland systems?

A

One

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19
Q

What are the components of the suspensory apparatus of the mammae?

A 
Lateral laminae (fibrous) 
Medial laminae (elastic)
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20
Q

The cow has __________ mammary glands, each called a _____________.

A

Four, quarter

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21
Q

The mare mammae has a right and left gland containing how many gland systems?

A

Two

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22
Q

What is the pathway of milk production in the mammary glands?

A

Glandular tissue -> lactiferous ducts -> lactiferous sinus (gland sinus and teat sinus)
Gland sinus -> teat canal ->teat orifice

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23
Q

Where is the glands sinus located in the mammae?

A

Base of the teat

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24
Q

Enlarged space within each teat that receives content from gland sinus?

A

Teat sinus

25
Q

Teat sinus drains into the _________________ which is surrounded by a sphincter

A

Teat canal

26
Q

The teat canal opens through the ___________

A

Teat orifice

27
Q

What is the blood supply for the mammae in the bitch, queen, and sow?

A

Crainal and caudal superficial epigastric arteries

28
Q

What is the blood supply for the mammae in the mare and ruminants?

A

Cranial and caudal mammary arteries

Cranial mammary artery is equivalent to the caudal superficial epigrastric

29
Q

What is the major venous return from the udder?

A

Subcutaneous abdominal vein AKA milk vein

Anastomoses of the cranial and caudal superficial epigastric

30
Q

What is the point where the cranial superficial epigastric (subcutaneous abdominal vein) perforated the abdominal wall near the xyphoid cartilage called?

A

Milk well

31
Q

What are the mammary lymph nodes?

A

Superficial inguinal

32
Q

What are the four types of placenta?

A

Diffuse
Zonary
Discoid
Cotyledonary

33
Q

What kind of placenta has chorionic vili over the majority of the surface? What species is this found in?

A

Diffuse placenta

Mare and pig

34
Q

What type of placenta has fetal cotyledons that oppose the maternal caruncles forming a placentome? What species is this found in?

A

Cotyledonary placenta

Ruminants

35
Q

What type of placenta has vili that develop in a band of chorion? Found in what species?

A

Zonary Placenta

Dog and cat

36
Q

What is the difference between open and closed castration?

A

Closed- leaves parietal vaginal tunic intact (do not expose vaginal tunic).

Open - goes through parietal vaginal tunic, opening vaginal cavity

37
Q

What is the spermatic chord composed of?

A 
Ductus deferens
Testicular artery and vein 
Serous membranes (mesoductus deferens and mesorchum)
38
Q

What artery supplies the ductus deferens?

A

Artery of the ductus deferens

Branch of the internal pudendal, except in bull where it is a branch off of the umbilical artery

39
Q

What are the two types of penis?

A

Musculocavernosus

Fibroelastic

40
Q

What species do you find a musculocavernosus penis?

A

Stallion and dog

Large amounts of erectile tissue

41
Q

What species do you find a fibroelastic penis?

A

Bull, boar, ram

Limited erectile tissue, contains a sigmoid flexure

42
Q

What is the paired muscle at the root of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus m

43
Q

What muscle overlaps the bulb of the penis and extends down caudal and ventral surfaces

A

Bulbospongiousus m

44
Q

In the stallion, what is the small blind sac above the urethral process?

A

Urethral sinus

Accumulation of smegma

45
Q

What species has spines on their glands penis, induced by testosterone

A

Thomas O’Mally the Alley cat

46
Q

What is the blood supply to the penis in the bull/boar/ram?

A

Internal iliac -> internal pudendal -> artery of the penis

  • > artery of the bulb of the penis
  • > deep artery of the penis
  • > dorsal artery of the penis
47
Q

What is the blood supply to the penis in the stallion?

A

Internal lilac -> internal prudential -> artery of the penis

Internal iliac -> caudal gluteal -> cranial gluteal -> obturator artery ->. Middle artery of the penis

External iliac -> pudendoepigastric trunk -> external pudendal -> cranial artery of the penis

48
Q

What striated muscle surrounds the pelvic urethra?

A

Urethralis muscle

49
Q

In the equine, the internal lamina of the prepuse gives rise to an additional _____________ fold which forms the ______________ ring at its cranial border.

A

Preputial fold

Preputial ring

50
Q

What sac above the glands penis is found in the boar and contains pheromones?

A

Preputial diverticulum

51
Q

What are the accessory sex glands of the male

A

Ampulla
Vesicular (seminal) gland
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland

52
Q

What gland is an enlargement of the ductus deferens and opens into the pelvic urethra?

A

Ampulla

53
Q

What paired glands are found dorsalcranial to the pelvic urethra?

A

Vesicular glands

54
Q

What are the two types of prostate gland? What species are they found in?

A

Corpus prostate - stallion, bull, boar, dog, tom

Disseminate prostate (glandular tissue distributed along the lateral walls of urethra) - bull, ram, boar

55
Q

What glands are found on either side of the urethra near the ischial arch?

A

Bulbourethral glands

Present in stallion, bull, small ruminant, boar, tom

56
Q

Boars do not have what accessory sex gland?

A

Ampulla

57
Q

Dogs ONLY have what accessory sex gland?

A

Prostate

58
Q

Tom cats have what two accessory sex glands?

A

Prostate and bulbourethral glands

Gross Anatomy II (11 decks)

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