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Gross Anatomy II > Ears And Eyes > Flashcards

Ears And Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main divisions of the ear

A

External
Middle
Internal

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2
Q

The external ear contains cartilage called ?

A

Auricle (pinna)

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3
Q

The ______________ has a vertical and horizontal part that ends at the external acoustic meatus?

A

Ear canal

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4
Q

What part of the ear is housed in the tympanic part of the temporal bone?

A

Middle ear

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5
Q

The middle ear contains ?

A

Tympanic membrane
Tympanic bulla
Auditory ossicles

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6
Q

The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx via the ?

A

Auditory tube

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7
Q

What part of the ear is housed in the petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

Inner ear

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8
Q

What are the parts of the inner ear?

A

Osseous labyrinth

Membranous labyrinth

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9
Q

How is the sound pressure waves transformed into electrical energy ?

A

External ear captures sound waves and transmits it to the middle ear via tympanic membrane.

Waves on tympanic membrane vibrate the ossicles

Stapes ossicle vibrates oval window to produce waves in the perilymph

Perilymph movement displaces tectorial and basement membranes

Electrical firing of cochlear neurons

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10
Q

The ________ of the ear is the slightly folded medial and lateral margin

A

Helix

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11
Q

The ________ is a transverse ridge on the internal concave wall of the auricle at the beginning of the external acoustic meatus

A

Anthelix

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12
Q

The ____________ is the rostral boundary of the beginning of the ear canal, opposite to the anthelix.

A

Tragus

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13
Q

Projecting caudally from the tragus, the ___________ is the lateral boundary of the ear canal

A

Antitragus

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14
Q

On each side of the tragus lies the ______________ medially, and the _____________ laterally

A

Pretragic insisure - medial to tragus

Intertragic insisure- lateral to tragus

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15
Q

The pretragic incisure is also known as _________________

A

Tragohelicine incisure

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16
Q

The pouch on the lateral portion of the helix is the ________________ (tick hotel)

A

Cutaneous marginal pouch

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17
Q

The _____________ cartilage connects the cartilagenous meatus of the horizontal canal with the bony acoustic meatus

A

Annular

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18
Q

The __________ cartilage serves as an attachment site for auricular muscles

A

Scutiform

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19
Q

What is different between the tympanic bulla of a cat and dog??

A

Cat - divided

Dog- not

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20
Q

What is the ventral expansion of the petrous temporal bone, located deep to the tympanic bulla??

A

Promontory

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21
Q

The ________ protects the eye and adnexa

A

Orbit

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22
Q

What completes the orbit in the dog?

A

Orbital ligament

23
Q

What are the three tunics of the eye?

A 
Tunica externa (fiberous)
Tunica media (vascular)
Tunica interna (retina)
24
Q

The _______________ is the thick connective tissue surrounding the eye adnexa within the orbit

A

Periorbita

25
Q

The lacrimal apparatus is located in the medial ________ of the eye

A

Canthas

26
Q

The ________________ is a small flat lobular structure producing serous fluid that moistens, cleans, and nourishes the eye

A

Lacrimal gland

27
Q

Describe the lacrimal drainage

A

Lacrimal gland produces serous fluid into the superior conjunctival sac

Flows over cornea

Fluid collects at the lacrimal lake at the medial commissures/canthas

Passes through superior and inferior puncta canaliculi to the lacrimal sac

Drains to nasolacrimal duct

28
Q

The ___________________ is a pocket between the palebral and bulbar conjunctiva containing serous fluid from the lacrimal gland

A

Superior conjunctival sac

29
Q

What muscle beginning at the orbit, extends over dorsal rectus to insert on the upper eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

30
Q

What muscle functions to close the palpebral fissure?

A

Orbicularis oculi

31
Q

What are the the 7 intrinsic muscles of the eyeball?

A 
Dorsal rectus
Ventral rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Dorsal oblique 
Ventral oblique
Retractor bulbi
32
Q

What muscles originate around the optic canal and orbital fissure to insert on the sclera

A

Rectus muscles (dorsal, lateral, medial, and ventral).

33
Q

What muscle originate around the optic canal and insert around the optic nerve

A

Retractor bulbi

34
Q

What muscle originates around the optic canal, passes through the trochlea and and inserts on the sclera

A

Dorsal oblique

35
Q

What muscle originates at the rostral part of the palatine bone at the level of the maxillary foramen and inserts on the sclera

A

Ventral oblique

36
Q

The ___________ is a concave fold of palebral conjuntiva protruding form the medial angle of the eye

A

Plica semilunaris (third eyelids)

37
Q

What is the accessory lacrimal gland surrounding the cartilage of the plica semilunaris?

A

Superficial gland of the third eyelid

38
Q

The fiberous tunic is made up of the ____________ anteriorly, and the _______________ posteriorly

A

Cornea

Sclera

39
Q

The junction between the cornea and sclera

A

Limbus

Corneoscleral junction

40
Q

What are the three parts of the vascular tunic from posterior to anterior ?

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

41
Q

The ________ and ________ muscles regulate the size of the pupil

A

Circular and radial muscles of the iris

42
Q

The posterior portion of the vascular coat firmly attached to the sclera

A

Choroid

43
Q

The thick circular mound at the level of the limbu, part of the vascular tunic

A

Ciliary body

44
Q

The ciliary body is made up of ?

A

Ciliary fibers and zonular fibers

45
Q

What are the three parts of the internal tunic

A 
Iridic part (over iris)
Ciliary part (over ciliary body)
Optic part ( over the choroid)
46
Q

Whitish layer covering the choroid, consisting of internal and external layers

A

Visual retina

Internal- processing layer; External- pigmented layer

47
Q

The light-coloured, reflective area in the dorsal part of the fundus is the? Is it part of the choroid or retina?

A

Tapetum lucidum

Choroid

48
Q

What is the spot in the fundus of the eye where the ganglion cell axons converge?

A

Optic disc

49
Q

What compartment of the eye is located between the lens and the cornea? What is this chamber filled with?

A

Anterior

Aqueous humor

50
Q

The iris divides the anterior compartment of the eye into ?

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

51
Q

The ________________ compartment is located between he lens and the fundus. What fills this compartment ?

A

Posterior

Vitreous body

52
Q

Aqueous humor is produced by the ________ and drained at the __________________

A

Ciliary body

Iridocorneal angle -> venous sinuses

53
Q

What muscle regulates the shape of the lens?

A

Ciliary muscle

54
Q

What muscles dilate and constrict the pupil?

A 
Constrictor pupillae (circular)
Dilator pupillae (linear/radial)

Gross Anatomy II (11 decks)

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