Ears And Eyes Flashcards
What are the three main divisions of the ear
External
Middle
Internal
The external ear contains cartilage called ?
Auricle (pinna)
The ______________ has a vertical and horizontal part that ends at the external acoustic meatus?
Ear canal
What part of the ear is housed in the tympanic part of the temporal bone?
Middle ear
The middle ear contains ?
Tympanic membrane
Tympanic bulla
Auditory ossicles
The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx via the ?
Auditory tube
What part of the ear is housed in the petrous part of the temporal bone?
Inner ear
What are the parts of the inner ear?
Osseous labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth
How is the sound pressure waves transformed into electrical energy ?
External ear captures sound waves and transmits it to the middle ear via tympanic membrane.
Waves on tympanic membrane vibrate the ossicles
Stapes ossicle vibrates oval window to produce waves in the perilymph
Perilymph movement displaces tectorial and basement membranes
Electrical firing of cochlear neurons
The ________ of the ear is the slightly folded medial and lateral margin
Helix
The ________ is a transverse ridge on the internal concave wall of the auricle at the beginning of the external acoustic meatus
Anthelix
The ____________ is the rostral boundary of the beginning of the ear canal, opposite to the anthelix.
Tragus
Projecting caudally from the tragus, the ___________ is the lateral boundary of the ear canal
Antitragus
On each side of the tragus lies the ______________ medially, and the _____________ laterally
Pretragic insisure - medial to tragus
Intertragic insisure- lateral to tragus
The pretragic incisure is also known as _________________
Tragohelicine incisure
The pouch on the lateral portion of the helix is the ________________ (tick hotel)
Cutaneous marginal pouch
The _____________ cartilage connects the cartilagenous meatus of the horizontal canal with the bony acoustic meatus
Annular
The __________ cartilage serves as an attachment site for auricular muscles
Scutiform
What is different between the tympanic bulla of a cat and dog??
Cat - divided
Dog- not
What is the ventral expansion of the petrous temporal bone, located deep to the tympanic bulla??
Promontory
The ________ protects the eye and adnexa
Orbit
What completes the orbit in the dog?
Orbital ligament
What are the three tunics of the eye?
Tunica externa (fiberous) Tunica media (vascular) Tunica interna (retina)
The _______________ is the thick connective tissue surrounding the eye adnexa within the orbit
Periorbita
The lacrimal apparatus is located in the medial ________ of the eye
Canthas
The ________________ is a small flat lobular structure producing serous fluid that moistens, cleans, and nourishes the eye
Lacrimal gland
Describe the lacrimal drainage
Lacrimal gland produces serous fluid into the superior conjunctival sac
Flows over cornea
Fluid collects at the lacrimal lake at the medial commissures/canthas
Passes through superior and inferior puncta canaliculi to the lacrimal sac
Drains to nasolacrimal duct
The ___________________ is a pocket between the palebral and bulbar conjunctiva containing serous fluid from the lacrimal gland
Superior conjunctival sac
What muscle beginning at the orbit, extends over dorsal rectus to insert on the upper eyelid?
Levator palpebrae superioris
What muscle functions to close the palpebral fissure?
Orbicularis oculi
What are the the 7 intrinsic muscles of the eyeball?
Dorsal rectus Ventral rectus Lateral rectus Medial rectus Dorsal oblique Ventral oblique Retractor bulbi
What muscles originate around the optic canal and orbital fissure to insert on the sclera
Rectus muscles (dorsal, lateral, medial, and ventral).
What muscle originate around the optic canal and insert around the optic nerve
Retractor bulbi
What muscle originates around the optic canal, passes through the trochlea and and inserts on the sclera
Dorsal oblique
What muscle originates at the rostral part of the palatine bone at the level of the maxillary foramen and inserts on the sclera
Ventral oblique
The ___________ is a concave fold of palebral conjuntiva protruding form the medial angle of the eye
Plica semilunaris (third eyelids)
What is the accessory lacrimal gland surrounding the cartilage of the plica semilunaris?
Superficial gland of the third eyelid
The fiberous tunic is made up of the ____________ anteriorly, and the _______________ posteriorly
Cornea
Sclera
The junction between the cornea and sclera
Limbus
Corneoscleral junction
What are the three parts of the vascular tunic from posterior to anterior ?
Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris
The ________ and ________ muscles regulate the size of the pupil
Circular and radial muscles of the iris
The posterior portion of the vascular coat firmly attached to the sclera
Choroid
The thick circular mound at the level of the limbu, part of the vascular tunic
Ciliary body
The ciliary body is made up of ?
Ciliary fibers and zonular fibers
What are the three parts of the internal tunic
Iridic part (over iris) Ciliary part (over ciliary body) Optic part ( over the choroid)
Whitish layer covering the choroid, consisting of internal and external layers
Visual retina
Internal- processing layer; External- pigmented layer
The light-coloured, reflective area in the dorsal part of the fundus is the? Is it part of the choroid or retina?
Tapetum lucidum
Choroid
What is the spot in the fundus of the eye where the ganglion cell axons converge?
Optic disc
What compartment of the eye is located between the lens and the cornea? What is this chamber filled with?
Anterior
Aqueous humor
The iris divides the anterior compartment of the eye into ?
Anterior and posterior chambers
The ________________ compartment is located between he lens and the fundus. What fills this compartment ?
Posterior
Vitreous body
Aqueous humor is produced by the ________ and drained at the __________________
Ciliary body
Iridocorneal angle -> venous sinuses
What muscle regulates the shape of the lens?
Ciliary muscle
What muscles dilate and constrict the pupil?
Constrictor pupillae (circular) Dilator pupillae (linear/radial)
