Pelvic Path 2 Flashcards
Brenner Tumor
Benign estrogenic tumor
Brenner tumors are associated with?
Meigs Syndrome
What are the 3 cardinal features of Meigs syndrome?
solid ovarian mass, ascites, pleural effusion
What is the 2nd most common type of epithelial ovarian cancer?
Endometrioid carcinoma
Which ovarian pathology is associated with endometrial cancer or endometriosis?
endometrioid carcinoma
What percentage ovarian tumors are epithelial?
65-70%
Epithelial ovarian tumors make up what percentage of malignancies?
90%
Name the benign epithelial ovarian tumors
serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, Brennor tumor
Name the malignant epithelial ovarian tumors
serous cystadenocarcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma,
A malignant epithelial ovarian tumor will have an increase in which values?
CA-125, CEA
Germ cell tumors are what percentage of ovarian tumors?
15-20%
Name the benign ovarian germ cell tumors
cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)
Name the malignant ovarian germ cell tumors
Dysgerminoma (seminoma of testes), endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor)
A yolk sac tumor will have an increase in which lab values?
AFP
Sex cord-stromal tumors are what percentage of ovarian tumors?
10%
True or false: A serous cystadenoma is more common than a mucinous cystadenoma
True
Which rare condition is created by the rupture of a mucinous tumor?
pseudomyxoma peritonei
What is the most common form of ovarian malignancy?
serous cystadenocarcinoma
Risk factors for serous cystadenocarcinoma
inferitility, nulliparity, family history of breast or ovarian carcinoma
Signs and symptoms of serous cystadenocarcinoma
vague pelvic mass, vague abd pain or gi symptoms, palpable mass, elevated CA-125
Germ cells tumors are most common in what population?
teenage girls or young women
What is the most common malignant germ cell neoplasm?
dysgerminoma
What is the most common ovarian malignancy in childhood?
dysgerminoma
Signs and symptoms of dysgerminoma?
precocious puberty, pelvic pain, palpable pelvic mass, high AFP and hCG
An endodermal sinus tumor is also called a?
yolk sac tumor
An endodermal sinus tumor is associated with an elevation in which lab value?
AFP
A cystic teratoma is also called?
dermoid cyst, dermoid
What is the most common benign ovarian germ cell tumor?
dermoid cyst
What is the most common primary benign ovarian neoplasm?
cystic teratoma
Sonographic appearance of a cystic teratoma
“tip of iceberg sign”- solid mass with bright internal echoes and posterior shadowing, dermoid plug (echogenic foci)
Krukenberg tumor
ovarian metastatic lesion usually secondary to a primary lesion in GI tract
Sonographic appearance of a Krukenberg tumor
bilateral ovarian masses, ascites, and pleural effusion
What is the most common ovarian tumor of stromal origin?
fibroma
Sonographic appearance of fibroma
solid adnexal mass, ascites and pleural effusion (Meigs syndrome)
A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is also called?
arrhenoblastoma, androblastoma
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
rare, unilateral, young adults, androgenic (increase in testosterone)
Signs and symptoms of a Sertoli-Leydig tumor
virilization (loss of female secondary sex characteristics)
True or false: Sertoli-Leydig tumors are usually benign
True (only 25% are malignant)
Stages of ovarian cancer
1: growth limited to ovaries
2: pelvic extension
3: intraperitoneal spread
4: extraperitoneal spread
Tumor biomarker of ovarian cancer
serum CA-125
Lost IUCD
Occurs when threads of device cannot be seen on physical exams
How does an IUD appear sonographically?
hyperechoic linear echoes in endometrial canal with acoustic shadowing
IUD perforation
IUD penetrates through myometrium; causes pelvic pain and cramping
IUD increases the risk of?
PID, SAB, ectopic pregnancy
Lymphadenopathy
enlarged lymph nodes
Bladder flap hematoma
blood collection that forms between the bladder and the lower uterine segment
Pelvic congestion
varicose veins in the pelvic area
What can cause pelvic congestion?
pregnancy, estrogen
Granulosa Cell tumors secrete which hormone?
Estrogen
Thecomas secrete which hormone?
Estrogen
Sertoli-Leydig tumors secrete which hormone?
testosterone (androgenic)
