Pelvic Path 2

Question 1

Brenner Tumor

Answer 1

Benign estrogenic tumor

Question 2

Brenner tumors are associated with?

Answer 2

Meigs Syndrome

Question 3

What are the 3 cardinal features of Meigs syndrome?

Answer 3

solid ovarian mass, ascites, pleural effusion

Question 4

What is the 2nd most common type of epithelial ovarian cancer?

Answer 4

Endometrioid carcinoma

Question 5

Which ovarian pathology is associated with endometrial cancer or endometriosis?

Answer 5

endometrioid carcinoma

Question 6

What percentage ovarian tumors are epithelial?

Answer 6

65-70%

Question 7

Epithelial ovarian tumors make up what percentage of malignancies?

Answer 7

90%

Question 8

Name the benign epithelial ovarian tumors

Answer 8

serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, Brennor tumor

Question 9

Name the malignant epithelial ovarian tumors

Answer 9

serous cystadenocarcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma,

Question 10

A malignant epithelial ovarian tumor will have an increase in which values?

Answer 10

CA-125, CEA

Question 11

Germ cell tumors are what percentage of ovarian tumors?

Answer 11

15-20%

Question 12

Name the benign ovarian germ cell tumors

Answer 12

cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)

Question 13

Name the malignant ovarian germ cell tumors

Answer 13

Dysgerminoma (seminoma of testes), endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor)

Question 14

A yolk sac tumor will have an increase in which lab values?

Answer 14

AFP

Question 15

Sex cord-stromal tumors are what percentage of ovarian tumors?

Answer 15

10%

Question 16

True or false: A serous cystadenoma is more common than a mucinous cystadenoma

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Which rare condition is created by the rupture of a mucinous tumor?

Answer 17

pseudomyxoma peritonei

Question 18

What is the most common form of ovarian malignancy?

Answer 18

serous cystadenocarcinoma

Question 19

Risk factors for serous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 19

inferitility, nulliparity, family history of breast or ovarian carcinoma

Question 20

Signs and symptoms of serous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 20

vague pelvic mass, vague abd pain or gi symptoms, palpable mass, elevated CA-125

Question 21

Germ cells tumors are most common in what population?

Answer 21

teenage girls or young women

Question 22

What is the most common malignant germ cell neoplasm?

Answer 22

dysgerminoma

Question 23

What is the most common ovarian malignancy in childhood?

Answer 23

dysgerminoma

Question 24

Signs and symptoms of dysgerminoma?

Answer 24

precocious puberty, pelvic pain, palpable pelvic mass, high AFP and hCG

Question 25

An endodermal sinus tumor is also called a?

Answer 25

yolk sac tumor

Question 26

An endodermal sinus tumor is associated with an elevation in which lab value?

Answer 26

AFP

Question 27

A cystic teratoma is also called?

Answer 27

dermoid cyst, dermoid

Question 28

What is the most common benign ovarian germ cell tumor?

Answer 28

dermoid cyst

Question 29

What is the most common primary benign ovarian neoplasm?

Answer 29

cystic teratoma

Question 30

Sonographic appearance of a cystic teratoma

Answer 30

**"tip of iceberg sign"**- solid mass with bright internal echoes and posterior shadowing, dermoid plug (echogenic foci)

Question 31

Krukenberg tumor

Answer 31

ovarian metastatic lesion usually secondary to a primary lesion in GI tract

Question 32

Sonographic appearance of a Krukenberg tumor

Answer 32

bilateral ovarian masses, ascites, and pleural effusion

Question 33

What is the most common ovarian tumor of stromal origin?

Answer 33

fibroma

Question 34

Sonographic appearance of fibroma

Answer 34

**solid adnexal mass, ascites and pleural effusion (Meigs syndrome)**

Question 35

A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is also called?

Answer 35

arrhenoblastoma, androblastoma

Question 36

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Answer 36

rare, unilateral, young adults, androgenic (increase in testosterone)

Question 37

Signs and symptoms of a Sertoli-Leydig tumor

Answer 37

virilization (loss of female secondary sex characteristics)

Question 38

True or false: Sertoli-Leydig tumors are usually benign

Answer 38

True (only 25% are malignant)

Question 39

Stages of ovarian cancer

Answer 39

1: growth limited to ovaries 2: pelvic extension 3: intraperitoneal spread 4: extraperitoneal spread

Question 40

Tumor biomarker of ovarian cancer

Answer 40

serum CA-125

Question 41

Lost IUCD

Answer 41

Occurs when threads of device cannot be seen on physical exams

Question 42

How does an IUD appear sonographically?

Answer 42

hyperechoic linear echoes in endometrial canal with acoustic shadowing

Question 43

IUD perforation

Answer 43

IUD penetrates through myometrium; causes pelvic pain and cramping

Question 44

IUD increases the risk of?

Answer 44

PID, SAB, ectopic pregnancy

Question 45

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 45

enlarged lymph nodes

Question 46

Bladder flap hematoma

Answer 46

blood collection that forms between the bladder and the lower uterine segment

Question 47

Pelvic congestion

Answer 47

varicose veins in the pelvic area

Question 48

What can cause pelvic congestion?

Answer 48

pregnancy, estrogen

Question 49

Granulosa Cell tumors secrete which hormone?

Answer 49

Estrogen

Question 50

Thecomas secrete which hormone?

Answer 50

Estrogen

Question 51

Sertoli-Leydig tumors secrete which hormone?

Answer 51

testosterone (androgenic)