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High Risk OB > Pelvic Path 1 > Flashcards

Pelvic Path 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Menarche

A

Onset of first menstrual cycle

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2
Q

Menses

A

monthly blood flow from uterus

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3
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absense of menstrual flow

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4
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

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5
Q

Dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse

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6
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Abnormally heavy bleeding

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7
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Bleeding at irregular intervals; spotting

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8
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

Mid-cycle sharp pain (at ovulation)

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9
Q

Pseudocyesis

A

Exhibiting signs of pregnancy but is not pregnant; false pregnancy

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10
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Benign invasive growth of endometrium into the myometrium

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of adenomyosis

A

menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea

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12
Q

Sonographic appearance of adenomyosis

A

diffuse uterine enlargement, inhomogeneous myometrium, anechoic areas within myometrium, normal endo

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13
Q

Endometriosis

A

Active endometrial tissue invades peritoneal cavity and attaches to fallopian tubes, ovaries, colon, it bladder

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14
Q

4 Ds of endometriosis

A

Dysphasia (rectum), dysuria (bladder), dyspareunia (vagina), dysmenorrhea (menses)

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15
Q

Describe an ovarian endometrioma

A

focal collection of endometrial tissue on ovary

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16
Q

An ovarian endometrioma is also called?

A

chocolate cyst

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17
Q

Sonographic appearance of an ovarian endometrioma

A

hypoechoic and homogenous, thick well defined walls, avascular, fluid filled levels

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18
Q

Endometritis

A

infection of the endometrium

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19
Q

Endometritis can be caused by?

A

abortion, IUCD, STD, cervicitis

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of endometritis?

A

pelvic pain, leukocytosis

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21
Q

Sonographic appearance of endometritis

A

thick and irregular endo, enlarged and inhomogenous uterus, increased vascularity

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22
Q

Asherman Syndrome

A

intrauterine adhesions eroding the endometrial lining (synechiae)

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23
Q

Signs and symptoms of Asherman Syndrome

A

amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, infertility

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24
Q

Saline infused sonohysterography (SIS) is used to assess?

A

Polyps, submucosal fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, infertility

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25
Q

Sonographic appearance of Asherman Syndrome

A

**Inability to distinguish endometrial cavity **, echogenic endo if seen

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26
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia

A

proliferation of endometrial lining

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27
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia can be caused by?

A

estrogen overstimulation (related to tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients)

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28
Q

Normal premenopausal thickness of endo

A

<14 mm

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29
Q

Normal postmenopausal thickness of endo

30
Q

What is the most common gynecologic malignancy?

A

Endometrial carcinoma

31
Q

Endometrial carcinoma can be caused by?

A

excessive estrogen production; associated with tamoxifen

32
Q

Risk factors of endometrial carcinoma

A

postmenopausal bleeding, infertility, obesity, diabetes, HRT, estrogen secreting tumors, DES exposure

33
Q

Sonographic appearance of endometrial carcinoma

A

AUB, thickened endo, focal and complex endometrial mass, myometrial distortion

34
Q

Stages of endometrial carcinoma

A

0: suggestive but not conclusive
1: growth to corpus
2: growth to cervix
3: growth out of uterus (but within pelvis)
4: growth out of pelvis (rectum/bladder)

35
Q

Sonographic appearance of cervical carcinoma

A

enlarged cervix, hypoechoic or heterogenous retrovesical mass, irregular margins

36
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Rare and aggressive malignancy derived from existing smooth muscle tumor of uterus (benign fibroid)

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of a leiomyosarcoma

A

asymptomatic, vaginal bleeding

38
Q

Follicular cyst

A

Follicle fails to ovulate and retains fluid leaving a cyst

39
Q

Sonographic appearance of a follicular cyst

A

simple characteristics

40
Q

Corpus luteal cyst

A

post-ovulatory cyst, remains of Graafian follicle, <25 mm

41
Q

What is the most common cystic mass with pregnancy?

A

corpus luteal cyst

42
Q

Hemorrhagic cyst

A

bleeding into a cyst

43
Q

Sonographic appearance of a hemorrhagic cyst

A

depends on clot formation; increased through transmission, fluid levels

44
Q

Paraovarian cyst

A

cyst typically located in the broad ligament, dangling from fimbriae, seperate from ipsilateral ovary

45
Q

What is the most common paraovarian cyst?

A

hydatid cyst of Morgagni

46
Q

True or False: a hydatid cyst of Morgagni is indistinguishable from a simple cyst

47
Q

Theca lutein cyst

A

Cysts formed from theca cells of ovaries

48
Q

Signs and symptoms of theca lutein cysts

A

high hCG, hyperemesis gravidarum, abnormal bloating

49
Q

Sonographic appearance of theca lutein cysts

A

multilocular cystic structure, bilateral condition

50
Q

Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS)

A

Endocrine imbalance that causes chronic anovulation

51
Q

PCOS is most common when?

A

during reproductive age

52
Q

Signs and symptoms of PCOS

A

irregular menses, hirsutism, infertility, obesity

53
Q

Hirsutism

A

abnormal hairiness

54
Q

Sonographic appearance of PCOS

A

round and enlarged ovaries, 10-12 follicles per ovary (2-10mm in size), “string of pearls” sign, ovarian volume of 10 ml/cc

55
Q

Ovarian torsion

A

partial or complete rotation of ovary on its pedicle

56
Q

Ovarian torsion is common with an?

A

adnexal mass

57
Q

Signs and symptoms of ovarian torsion

A

severe, consistent pelvic pain, nausea/vomiting, palpable pelvic mass

58
Q

Sonographic appearance of ovarian torsion

A

decreased or absent blood flow to ovary, large and heterogenous ovarian mass, free fluid, coexisting adnexal mass

59
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

inflammatory condition of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and peritoneal surface caused by infection (STD)

60
Q

PID is associated with?

A

pyosalpinx and ovarian abcess and fitz-hugh curtis syndrome

61
Q

Signs and symptoms of PID

A

pelvic or RUQ pain, Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome, liver capsule inflammation, thickened gallbladder, fever, vaginal discharge, urinary frequency

62
Q

Sonographic appearance of PID

A

normal pelvic appearance, thick and hypervascular endo, complex and illdefined adnexal mass

63
Q

Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome

A

inflammation of liver capsule due to PID; AKA perihepatitis

64
Q

Describe hydrosalpinx

A

dilation of fallopian tubes with fluid

65
Q

Hydrosalpinx is seen with?

A

PID, endometriosis, postoperative adhesion

66
Q

Describe pyosalpinx

A

Dilation of the fallopian tube with pus

67
Q

Pyosalpinx is seen with?

A

PID and infection

68
Q

Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome is caused by?

69
Q

An endometrioma is caused by?

A

Endometriosis

70
Q

Hysterosalpingography uses?

71
Q

Endometrial carcinoma is more likely to occur in which age group?

A

older women

High Risk OB (5 decks)

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