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Pelvic Path 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Menarche

A

Onset of first menstrual cycle

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2
Q

Menses

A

monthly blood flow from uterus

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3
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absense of menstrual flow

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4
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

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5
Q

Dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse

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6
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Abnormally heavy bleeding

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7
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Bleeding at irregular intervals; spotting

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8
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

Mid-cycle sharp pain (at ovulation)

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9
Q

Pseudocyesis

A

Exhibiting signs of pregnancy but is not pregnant; false pregnancy

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10
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Benign invasive growth of endometrium into the myometrium

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of adenomyosis

A

menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea

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12
Q

Sonographic appearance of adenomyosis

A

diffuse uterine enlargement, inhomogeneous myometrium, anechoic areas within myometrium, normal endo

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13
Q

Endometriosis

A

Active endometrial tissue invades peritoneal cavity and attaches to fallopian tubes, ovaries, colon, it bladder

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14
Q

4 Ds of endometriosis

A

Dysphasia (rectum), dysuria (bladder), dyspareunia (vagina), dysmenorrhea (menses)

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15
Q

Describe an ovarian endometrioma

A

focal collection of endometrial tissue on ovary

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16
Q

An ovarian endometrioma is also called?

A

chocolate cyst

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17
Q

Sonographic appearance of an ovarian endometrioma

A

hypoechoic and homogenous, thick well defined walls, avascular, fluid filled levels

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18
Q

Endometritis

A

infection of the endometrium

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19
Q

Endometritis can be caused by?

A

abortion, IUCD, STD, cervicitis

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of endometritis?

A

pelvic pain, leukocytosis

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21
Q

Sonographic appearance of endometritis

A

thick and irregular endo, enlarged and inhomogenous uterus, increased vascularity

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22
Q

Asherman Syndrome

A

intrauterine adhesions eroding the endometrial lining (synechiae)

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23
Q

Signs and symptoms of Asherman Syndrome

A

amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, infertility

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24
Q

Saline infused sonohysterography (SIS) is used to assess?

A

Polyps, submucosal fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, infertility

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25
Sonographic appearance of Asherman Syndrome
**Inability to distinguish endometrial cavity **, echogenic endo if seen
26
Endometrial hyperplasia
proliferation of endometrial lining
27
Endometrial hyperplasia can be caused by?
estrogen overstimulation (related to tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients)
28
Normal premenopausal thickness of endo
<14 mm
29
Normal postmenopausal thickness of endo
<8 mm
30
What is the most common gynecologic malignancy?
Endometrial carcinoma
31
Endometrial carcinoma can be caused by?
excessive estrogen production; **associated with tamoxifen**
32
Risk factors of endometrial carcinoma
postmenopausal bleeding, infertility, obesity, diabetes, HRT, estrogen secreting tumors, DES exposure
33
Leiomyosarcoma
Rare and aggressive malignancy derived from existing smooth muscle tumor of uterus (benign fibroid)
34
Signs and symptoms of a leiomyosarcoma
asymptomatic, vaginal bleeding
35
Follicular cyst
Follicle fails to ovulate and retains fluid leaving a cyst
36
Sonographic appearance of a follicular cyst
simple characteristics
37
Corpus luteal cyst
post-ovulatory cyst, remains of Graafian follicle, <25 mm
38
What is the most common cystic mass with pregnancy?
corpus luteal cyst
39
Hemorrhagic cyst
bleeding into a cyst
40
Sonographic appearance of a hemorrhagic cyst
depends on clot formation; increased through transmission, fluid levels
41
Paraovarian cyst
**cyst typically located in the broad ligament**, dangling from fimbriae, seperate from ipsilateral ovary
42
What is the most common paraovarian cyst?
hydatid cyst of Morgagni
43
True or False: a hydatid cyst of Morgagni is indistinguishable from a simple cyst
True
44
Theca lutein cyst
Cysts formed from theca cells of ovaries
45
Signs and symptoms of theca lutein cysts
**high hCG**, hyperemesis gravidarum, abnormal bloating
46
Sonographic appearance of theca lutein cysts
multilocular cystic structure, bilateral condition
47
Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS)
Endocrine imbalance that causes chronic anovulation
48
PCOS is most common when?
during reproductive age
49
Signs and symptoms of PCOS
irregular menses, hirsutism, infertility, obesity
50
Hirsutism
abnormal hairiness
51
Sonographic appearance of PCOS
**round and enlarged ovaries, 10-12 follicles per ovary (2-10mm in size), "string of pearls" sign, ovarian volume of 10 ml/cc**
52
Ovarian torsion
partial or complete rotation of ovary on its pedicle
53
Ovarian torsion is common with an?
adnexal mass
54
Signs and symptoms of ovarian torsion
severe, consistent pelvic pain, nausea/vomiting, palpable pelvic mass
55
Sonographic appearance of ovarian torsion
**decreased or absent blood flow to ovary**, large and heterogenous ovarian mass, free fluid, **coexisting adnexal mass**
56
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammatory condition of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and peritoneal surface caused by infection (STD)
57
PID is associated with?
pyosalpinx and ovarian abcess and fitz-hugh curtis syndrome
58
Signs and symptoms of PID
**pelvic or RUQ pain, Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome**, liver capsule inflammation, thickened gallbladder, fever, vaginal discharge, urinary frequency
59
Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome
inflammation of liver capsule due to PID; AKA perihepatitis
60
Describe hydrosalpinx
dilation of fallopian tubes with fluid
61
Hydrosalpinx is seen with?
PID, endometriosis, postoperative adhesion
62
Describe pyosalpinx
Dilation of the fallopian tube with pus
63
Pyosalpinx is seen with?
PID and infection
64
Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome is caused by?
PID
65
An endometrioma is caused by?
Endometriosis
66
Hysterosalpingography uses?
Iodine
67
Endometrial carcinoma is more likely to occur in which age group?
older women

High Risk OB (12 decks)

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