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High Risk OB > Anomalies in Oligohydramnios > Flashcards

Anomalies in Oligohydramnios Flashcards

1
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

AFI < 5 cm; SDP < 2 cm

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2
Q

Anhydramnios

A

no amniotic fluid

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3
Q

Causes of oligohydramnios

A

Demise, Renal, IUGR, PROM

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4
Q

Why can oligohydramnios be fetal?

A

pulmonary hypoplasia

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5
Q

Spalding sign

A

overlapping of fetal skull bones caused by collapse of fetal brain

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6
Q

How soon can the spalding sign appear?

A

48 hours after death of fetus

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7
Q

Ectopic kidney

A

located outside of renal fossa

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8
Q

Crossed ectopic kidney

A

both kidneys on same side; can be fused

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9
Q

Horseshoe kidney

A

kidneys fuse together and lower pole and fuse

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10
Q

True or False: Horseshoe kidneys are always posterior to the aorta

A

False; anterior

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11
Q

Pelvic kidney

A

kidney found adjacent to bladder

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12
Q

Duplicated collecting system

A

kidney has two ureters

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13
Q

Renal malrotation

A

Renal hilum faces lateral from midline rather than medial

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14
Q

Potter type I is also known as?

A

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

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15
Q

Describe Potter type I

A

bilateral, echogenic and enlarged kidneys; no bladder

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16
Q

True or False: Bilateral kidney diseases are lethal

A

True

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17
Q

Potter Type II is also called?

A

multcystic dysplastic kidney diseases (MCDKD)

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18
Q

Describe Potter type II

A

Unilateral; medium cysts

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19
Q

True or False: Potter type II can be bilateral

A

True

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20
Q

Potter type III is also called?

A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

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21
Q

Describe Potter type III

A

bilateral; large and echogenic kidneys with multiple cysts

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22
Q

Which type of Potter syndrome is more common in adults?

23
Q

What is the most common renal abnormal finding in utero?

A

hydronephrosis

24
Q

A ureteropelvic junction obstruction is caused by?

A

abnormal bend or kink in ureter

25
Q

True or False: With UPJ there will be a normal bladder and normal amniotic fluid

26
Q

A ureterovesical junction obstruction is caused by?

A

ureter defect; stenosis

27
Q

UVJ can cause?

A

megaureter

28
Q

Describe Potter syndrome

A

bilateral renal agenesis; lethal

29
Q

Appearance of Potter syndrome

A

pulmonary hypoplasia, no bladder, lying down sign

30
Q

Describe “Potter face”

A

rounded forehead, flattened nose, recessed chin, prominent epocanthial folds, low set of abnormal ears

31
Q

True or False: unilateral renal agenesis is more common than Potter syndrome

32
Q

True or False: With unilateral renal agenesis there is no fetal bladder and decreased fluid

A

False; normal bladder and fluid

33
Q

Posterior urethral valves can cause?

A

megacystis, hydroureter, and hydronephrosis

34
Q

Posterior urethral valves

A

formation of flaps in urethra; urine unable to pass through

35
Q

Posterior urethral are more common in which sex? Why?

A

Men; longer urethra

36
Q

The keyhole sign is seen with?

A

posterior urethral valves (distended bladder and urethra)

37
Q

What is the prune belly triad?

A

megacystis, atrophic abdominal wall, cryptorchidism

38
Q

Uretocele

A

cystic dilation of ureter into the bladder

39
Q

What is the most common urachal anomaly?

A

urachal cyst

40
Q

What anomalies are associated with urachal cysts?

A

patent urachus, vesicourachal diverticulum, urachal sinus

41
Q

What becomes the urachus?

42
Q

Meckel-Gruber syndrome is associated with which anomalies?

A

occipital encephalocele, infantile polycystic kidneys, oligohydramnios, polydactyly

43
Q

IUGR results from?

A

insufficient fetal nutriton

44
Q

Which organ is most affected by IUGR?

45
Q

AC is ______ with IUGR

46
Q

Symmetric IUGR

A

fetal growth abnormality resulting in a proportionally small fetus

47
Q

What is the most common type of growth abnormality?

A

Asymmetric IUGR

48
Q

How does asymmetric fetal growth appear?

A

normal cranial growth, small AC

49
Q

Fetal macrosomia

A

fetus is large for GA

50
Q

Fetal macrosomia is associated with which maternal factors?

A

diabetes mellitus, obesity

51
Q

Fetal macrosomia sonographic appearance

A

large AC, decreased HC/AC ratio, EFW > 4000 g, polyhydramnios, placentomegaly

52
Q

What is the most common cause of oligohydramnios?

53
Q

5 parameters of BPP

A

fetal movement, fetal tone, fetal breathing, non-stress test, AFI

High Risk OB (8 decks)

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