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High Risk OB > Anomalies in Polyhydramnios 2 > Flashcards

Anomalies in Polyhydramnios 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A cystic hygroma is also known as?

A

cavernous lymphangioma

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2
Q

Sonographic appearance of a cystic hygroma

A

large cystic (fluid-filled) mass

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3
Q

80% of cystic hygromas are located where?

A

cervical region; posterior to head and neck

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4
Q

Cystic hygromas are associated with?

A

Turner syndrome

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5
Q

Sonographic appearance of bronchogenic cysts

A

isolated cysts within thorax; mediastinum and lung parenchyma

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6
Q

Bronchopulmonary sequestration

A

separate area of lung tissue; does not communicate with other lung tissue

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7
Q

What is the most common type of bronchopulmonary sequestration?

A

Intralobar

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8
Q

A bronchopulmonary sequestration gets blood supply from the?

A

thoracic aorta

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9
Q

True or False: Bronchopulmonary sequestration is usually bilateral

A

False; unilateral

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10
Q

Sonographic appearance of bronchopulmonary sequestration

A

Echogenic piece of lung tissue

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11
Q

What is the most common tumor on a baby’s heart?

A

Rhabdomyoma

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12
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Benign tumor of a myocardium

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13
Q

Rhabdomyomas are associated with?

A

tuberous sclerosis

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14
Q

Sonographic appearance of a rhabdomyoma

A

round, echogenic, homogenous mass

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15
Q

True of False: Atrial myxomas only occur in adults

A

true

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16
Q

Where are atrial myxomas most commonly located?

A

left atrium

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17
Q

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is also known as?

A

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lungs (CCAM or CCAML)

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18
Q

CPAM Type I characteristics

A

Large cysts in lungs

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19
Q

CPAM Type II
characteristics

A

Small cysts in lungs

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20
Q

CPAM Type III characteristics

A

solid, echogenic lungs

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21
Q

Which type of CPAM has the best prognosis?

A

Type I

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22
Q

Which type of CPAM is most common?

A

Type I

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23
Q

Which type of CPAM is most fatal?

A

Type II and III

24
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia

A

stomach herniates into chest or heart herniates into abdomen

25
Q

On which side is a diaphragmatic hernia more common?

26
Q

A diaphragmatic hernia on the left side is known as?

A

hernia of Bochdalek

27
Q

Sonographic findings of a diaphragmatic hernia

A

small abdominal circumference, heart and stomach seen on same plane

28
Q

Ectopia cordis

A

ectopic heart; located outside of chest

29
Q

Pentalogy of Cantrell

A

abdominal wall defect, diaphragmatic hernia, lower sternal cleft, ectopia cordis, VSD

30
Q

Most common defects seen from the Pentalogy of Cantrell

A

abdominal wall defect (omphalocele) and ectopia cordis

31
Q

Hydrops fetalis

A

abnormal interstitial accumulation of fluid

32
Q

Immune fetal hydrops

A

caused by Rh antibodies in maternal circulation that destroy the fetal RBCs

33
Q

Nonimmune fetal hydrops

A

results from infection or TORCHS

34
Q

True or False: Sonography can differentiate between immune and nonimmune hydrops

35
Q

Pericardial Effusion

A

presence of fluid around heart inside pericardium

36
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Fluid collection inside pleural cavity

37
Q

Pleural effusion is also called?

A

hydrothorax

38
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

stenosis of the aorta

39
Q

Coarctation of the aorta causes what heart anomalies?

A

underdeveloped left heart (atrium and ventricle)

40
Q

Ebstein anomaly

A

thickened and flaccid tricuspid valve; incompetent and decreased mobility

41
Q

Ebstein anomaly is also known as?

A

tricuspid dysplasia

42
Q

Sonographic appearance of Ebstein anomaly

A

enlarged right atrium

43
Q

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)

A

dilatation of right ventricle and pulmonary trunk; left ventricle not visualized

44
Q

HLHS is caused by?

A

aortic atresia or mitrial valve stenosis

45
Q

Sonographic appearance of HLHS

A

small left ventricle only

46
Q

What makes a atrial septal defect hard to diagnose?

A

foramen ovale

47
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

ventricular septum defect

48
Q

A VSD is more common in which part of the septum?

A

membranous

49
Q

A VSD is more commonly seen in which view?

A

five-chamber view

50
Q

Endocardial cushion defect

A

walls forming the four chambers are poorly formed or absent

51
Q

Endocardial cushion defect is also known as?

A

atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) or atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD)

52
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, hypertrophy of right ventricle

53
Q

Transposition of the Great Arteries

A

Aorta rises from right ventricle; pulmonary trunk rises from left ventricle

54
Q

Sonographic characteristic of TGA

A

parallel course of both vessels in one plane with color doppler

55
Q

Truncus Arteriosis

A

common arterial trunk arises from base of the heart that gives rise to pulmonary artery and aorta

56
Q

Bronchogenic cysts are associated with?

A

Fetal hydrops

57
Q

Perinatal death with a diaphragmatic hernia is caused by?

A

pulmonary hypoplasia

High Risk OB (5 decks)

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