Pelvic Pain Flashcards
Define Endometriosis
Endometriosis is the presence and growth of tissues similar to the endometrium, outside the uterus
Who is more common to be affected by endometriosis?
Nulliparous women who are aged 30-45
Endometriosis is dependent on which hormone?
Oestrogen
What happens to the signs and symptoms of endometriosis during pregnancy?
As endometriosis is oestrogen dependent, during pregnancy (and menopause), endometriosis regresses
What are the complications of endometriosis?
Formation of accumulated altered dark brown blood, known as chocolate cysts or endometrioma.
It can also result in inflammation, fibrosis and adhesion.
What are the possible causes of acute pelvic pain?
Ectopic Pregnancy Pain during ovulation Ovarian cyst torsion, rupture, or haemorrhagic cyst Dysmenorrhoea Acute presentation of PID Degenerating fibroids UTI: Cystitis Urinary retention Constipation Appendicitis
When is cervical excitation positive/present?
Cervical excitation is present when the broad ligament is stretched, in cases such as an ectopic pregnancy
What are the signs and symptoms of threatened miscarriage?
- Closed cervical os
- Pain
- PV bleeding
- BUT, ultrasound shows a viable pregnancy with foetal heartbeat detected.
What are the signs and symptoms of inevitable miscarriage?
- Opened cervical os
- Pain
- PV bleeding
- Products of conception are seen in ultrasound, with no detectable foetal heart rate
What are the signs and symptoms of incomplete and complete miscarriage?
Incomplete miscarriage:
- PV bleeding
- Pain
- Opened cervical os
- Some products of conception seen in uterus, while others are passed out.
Complete miscarriage:
- All products of conception are passed out.
- Pain
- Closed cervical os
- Empty uterus seen on ultrasound
What is given to women with profuse PV bleed?
Ergometrine
