Obstetrics Vaginal bleeding Flashcards
What is placenta abruption?
Placenta abruption is the premature separation of all or part of the placenta from the uterine wall.
What is the triad symptom of placenta abruption?
Abdominal pain, Uterine rigidity and vaginal bleeding.
A tender uterus is highly suggestive.
What should be suspected if there is abdominal pain in the right lower iliac quadrant of the abdomen during pregnancy?
Ovarian tumours torsion or rupture.
Appendicitis: perforation is more likely in pregnancy, hence mortality is higher.
Uterine rupture, torsion or fibroids, (or red degeneration).
Why is cholecystitis more common in pregnant women?
Cholecystitis is more common in pregnant women because pregnancy encourages gall stone formation due to biliary stasis and increased cholesterol in bile
When does placenta abruption usually occur?
After 20 weeks of gestation
What is a cause of placenta abruption?
Degeneration of placental arteries
What is postpartum haemorrhage?
Postpartum haemorrhage is the loss of greater than 500mL in the first 24 hours after delivery.
Why will there be a large placenta?
A large placenta site may be due to twins, a large baby, or severe rhesus disease
What happens in vasa praevia?
In Vasa Praevia, there is velamentous insertion of blood vessels into the placenta, with the vessels transversing the cervical os.
What is the danger that may arise in vasa praevia?
Artificial Rupture of membrane can accidentally rupture vasa praevia, leading to fetal exanguination
What are the cervical causes of vaginal bleeding?
Cervical ectropion, cervical polyp or cervical cancer.
