Congenital Abnormalities

Question 1

What does large nuchal translucency indicate? When is the nuchal scan done?

Answer 1

Large nuchal translucency measured between 11 and 14 weeks is indicative of increased risk of Trisomy conditions. It can also indicate a higher risk of structural abnormalities, esp cardiac dysfunction, such as fetal heart failure.
Large nuchal translucency means increased fluid accumulation behind fetal neck.

Question 2

What are the clinical features of polyhydramnios?

Answer 2

Maternal discomfort, large for dates, taut uterus, or when fetal parts are difficult to palpate.

Question 3

What are the complications of polyhydramnios to the mother?

Answer 3

Increased risk of UTI due to pressure on the bladder, causing stasis.
Increased SOB, and increased risk of hypertension.

Question 4

What are the complications of birth that polyhydramnios can result in?

Answer 4

Malpresentation and abnormal lie of the fetus.

Preterm labor

Question 5

What is an option of management for polyhydramnios if it is severe and gestation is <34 weeks?

Answer 5

Amnioreduction

Question 6

What 2 methods are used to measure the volume of amniotic fluid/diagnose large amniotic fluid volume?

Answer 6

The 4 quadrant method which involves dividing the uterine cavity into 4 quadrants and adding up the largest depth of each quadrant to give the total volume.

The single deepest pocket: Measure the deepest pocket to see if it is >8cm/10cm.