Pelvic limb Flashcards
compare and contrast the hip joint of cow and horse with regard to structure, function, and luxation susceptibility
- horse: accessory ligament extends from pre-public ligament to head of femur - ligament is short, protects from hip luxation and doesn’t allow for side kicking
- cow: lack accessory ligament and more prone to hip luxation
what is the location of the lesser trochanter? what attaches to it?
- medial part of femur
- iliopsoas attachment
location of third trochanter and what attaches to it
- lateral side of femur
- superficial gluteal attachment
location of extensor fossa
lateral side of femur
location of trochlea lip and which one serves as hook
- line between trochlea on femur
- medial lip serves as hook
is the patellar tendon really a ligament
both
what do various authorities say about the patellar ligament and why
- physiologist and neurologist: tendon (quadriceps tendon inserts on the patella and the patellar ligament connects patella and tibia)
- anatomists and surgeons: ligament (connects patella to tibia)
what forms the loop that fixes the stifle
medial and middle partellar ligaments joined by the patella
what does the loop hook over
medial lip of the femoral trochlea
what is a desmotomy and why would it be performed on the stifle
- to cut a ligament
- done to patellar ligament if the loop was getting stuck on the hook and keeping the horse from flexing the stifle - prevents locking of the stifle
what are the individual synovial sacs of the stifle and how are they connected to the horse
- femoropatellar: communicates with medial femorotibial in horses
- medial femoraltibial: communicates with the femoropatellar in ruminants
- lateral femorotibial: doesn’t communicate with others
clinical significance of synovial sacs
if something is injected into joints, it’s important to know which other joint capsule it will migrate to (also for infections)
what are the components of the reciprocal aparatus
superficial digital flexor, peroneus tertius
what part of reciprocal aparatus is most likely to rupture and why - how to diagnose
- peroneus tertius will rupture if stifle flexes and leg is caught so hock is not allowed to flex
- diagnose if you can flex the stifle while keeping the hock extended
structure of horse talus
- semicircular oblique trochlea of the talus that articulates with the tibia
- most movement of the hock is with the tibio/talal joint, which has a wide range of movement and slackened joint capsule
structure of ruminant talus
- proximal and distal trochleas of the talus
- proximal articulates with the tibial cochlea and malleolar bone (making tarsocrural joint)
- distal articulates with calcaneus and fused central/4th tarsal bones (making proximal intertarsal joint)
- both joints can flex and extend - spend lots of time with them flexed in sternal recumbency
