PELVIC GIRDLE & HIP

Question 1

Functions of the pelvic girdle & hip joint:

Answer 1

• Weight-bearing in standing & sitting
• Gait
• (Visceral functions of pelvic girdle as part of the pelvis)

Question 2

Bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 2

2 os coxae

Question 3

Bones of the hip joint

Answer 3

1 hip bone + proximal femur

Question 4

Components of the hip (innominate) bone:

Answer 4

ilium, pubis, ischium

Question 5

Each hip bone involved in 3 joints:

Answer 5

sacroiliac joint
pubic symphysis
hip (coxal) joint

Question 6

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ)

Answer 6

Iliac tuberosity with sacral tuberosity + sacroiliac interosseous ligament
= fibrous syndesmosis
Iliac & sacral auricular surfaces = synovial plane joint

Question 7

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ)

Answer 7

hyaline & fibrocartilage

• posterior joint capsule incomplete
• Complimentary ridged auricular surfaces
• increase from puberty - greater in males

Question 8

Sacroiliac joint ligamentous support

Answer 8

Ligaments:
Interosseous 
Dorsal sacroiliac 
Ventral sacroiliac 
Sacrotuberous
(psis, sacrum & coccyx – ischial tuberosity) 
Sacrospinous
(sacrum & coccyx – ischial spine)
minimal movement innervated

Question 9

SIJ motion:

Answer 9

movement of the sacrum in the sagittal plane
Superincumbent weight forces the base of the sacrum anteriorly & inferiorly apex posteriorly & superiorly
= anterior tilt of sacrum relative to ilium = sacral nutation
• Sacrum moving on ilium (body weight)
• Ilium moving on sacrum

Question 10

Pubic symphysis

Answer 10

Pubic bone articular surfaces lined by hyaline cartilage Interposed fibrocartilage disc
Superior & Arcuate (inferior) pubic ligaments

Question 11

Hip Joint:

Answer 11

synovial ball & socket multiaxial diarthrosis

Question 12

Acetabulum:

Answer 12

• anterior
• lateral
• inferior

Question 13

Orientation of the head of femur

Answer 13

anterior
medial
superior

Question 14

Hip Joint alignment:

Answer 14

femoral head directed toward anterior – superior acetabulum
• exposed anterior surface in standing: F > E ROM
• F & Abd move the head of femur deeper into the acetabulum

Question 15

Joint reaction force more vertical than neck of femur

Answer 15

bending moment
superior – lateral tensile forces
medial – inferior compression forces
* neck of femur inclined at angle to shaft
force on femural neck results in compression on medial side and tension lateral side

Question 16

coxa vara

Answer 16

medial variation, angle is less than 125˚
greater force wanting to shear femur of femoral neck, body weight force going straight down
increases mom. arm for muscles that attach to greater trochanter - makes those muscles more
effective

Question 17

coxa valga

Answer 17

what you start with when born, shaft of femur displaced laterally which increases 125˚
directs head of femur more superior into acetabulum
- makes walk with wider base
- recruit greater force in glut. med for hip adduction.

Question 18

Primary blood supply to femoral head & neck:

Answer 18

Medial & lateral circumflex arteries
• Enter distally from base of femoral neck
• #NOF complications = avascular necrosis