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ANAT1012 - osteology, muscles & arthrology of shoulder complex > elbow > Flashcards

elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow joint complex

A

3 separate articulations within capsule
capsule most lax @ 80˚F - closed packed at full ext.
o stable joint
o good bony congruency
o reinforced by strong ligaments
o valgus alignment predisposes elbow to valgus injuries

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2
Q

HUMEROULNAR JOINT

A

trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna

  • Synovial hinge
  • flexion and extension
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3
Q

RADIOHUMERAL Joint

A

capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius

  • synovial hinge
  • flexion and extension
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4
Q

elbow joint

A

Synovial hinge joint: elbow flexion / extension - axis through centre of trochlea & capitulum
Greater contact between radius and capitulum in elbow flexion

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5
Q

PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINT

A

Between the radial notch of the ulna and the articular circumference of the head of the radius.

  • Synovial pivot joint
  • Pronation and supination
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6
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

anterior, posterior, transverse
Resists valgus force
Extension:
valgus restraint = humeroulnar bony stability + anterior band MCL
~ 90˚ flexion:
less bony stability
> anterior band MCL as main restraint against valgus force
- bones provide stability against further valgus stress and
medial colateral ligaments
in full extension = most bony congruency
prone to valgus injuries

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7
Q

Lateral collateral ligament complex

A

resists varus force
• provides posterolateral stability
Lateral ulnar collateral ligament, Accessory lateral collateral lig, Radial collateral Ligament, annular lig

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8
Q

ANALYSIS of ELBOW FLEXORS:

A

Moment = Force x moment arm M=Fxd

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9
Q

PCSA

A
  1. brachialis
  2. biceps brachii
  3. pronator teres
  4. brachioradialis
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10
Q

MOMENT ARM:

A
  1. brachioradialis
  2. biceps brachii
  3. brachialis
  4. pronator teres
    A muscle’s moment arm length changes through the range of movement
    longer moment arm more efficient conversion of force
    - moment arm least in 0 > 90 - 110˚ flexion is when moment
    arm is greatest
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11
Q

Muscle length-tension relationship:

A

Muscle can produce more force as the muscle is lengthened

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12
Q

OPTIMAL POSITION FOR FORCE PRODUCTION - elbow

A

= 70 to 90˚ flexion

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13
Q

articular capsule

A

Attachments: Margins of coronoid, radial & olecranon fossae, medial epicondyle & capitulum to border of olecranon & coronoid processes & annular ligament
Resists: minimal (lax)
Anterior capsule may resist valgus in Ext.

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14
Q

radial collateral ligament (RCL)

A

Attachmments: From lateral epicondyle to annular ligament
Resist: varus & posterolateral instability”

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15
Q

lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)

A

Attach: From lateral epicondyle to supinator crest of ulna
Resists: “varus & posterolateral instability”

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16
Q

medial collateral ligament (MCL)

A

At: “From medial epicondyle to:
Anterior band to coronoid process
Posterior band to olecranon process
transverse band: coronoid > olecranon

17
Q

annular ligament

A

A: Anterior & posterior margins of the radial notch
R: Lateral & distal subluxation of the radial head

18
Q

oblique cord

A

A: Ulnar tuberosity to radius distal to tuberosity
R: End range supination

19
Q

interosseous membrane

A

A: Interosseous border of radius distally to ulna
R: separation of radius / ulna

20
Q

“close-packed position”

A

Position with the most amount of joint congruency
•Capsule and supporting ligaments maximally tight
•Accessory motion is minimized​​

21
Q

loose/open-packed position

A

Position with the least amount joint surface congruency
•Capsule and support ligaments are lax
•Accessory motion or joint play is maximized

22
Q

Which position is the close packed position of the humeroulnar joint?
Which position is the loose packed position of the humeroulnar joint?

A

loose packed: 70 deg flexion and 10 deg supination

closed packed: full ext and supination

23
Q

How can the following affect measured elbow flexor strength?
- position of the shoulder

A

Length of Muscle

If BB is flexed at shoulder, can’t provide as much force at elbow flx.Hypoext. of shoulder - greatest force

24
Q

How can the following affect measured elbow flexor strength?
degree of elbow flexion

A

muscle length

70 - 90˚ flx = moment arm greatest

25
Q

How can the following affect measured elbow flexor strength?
- position of forearm

A

in pronation = favours brachialis, less BB activity therefore less elbow flx.
in sup = favours BB
in neutral = favours brachioradialis

ANAT1012 - osteology, muscles & arthrology of shoulder complex (17 decks)

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