pelvic cavity Flashcards
boundaries of the pelvic cavity
cranial- pelvic inlet (sacrum, ileum, pubis)
dorsal-sacrum and first few caudal vertebrae
lateral-ilium and coccyges, levator ani and middle gluteal mm.
ventral-pelvic symphysis formed by pubis and ischium and floor of the pelvis
caudal- pelvic outlet
perineum
space between anus and scotum/vulva
surface boundaries of perineum
dorsal-tail/anus
ventral-scrotum/vuvla
lateral-ischiatic tuberosity
determination of sex in kittens
increased anogenital distance in males
male is colon shaped :
female is semicolon shaped ;
pelvic diaphragm is composed of what 2 muscles
levator ani m.
coccyges m.
levator ani m.
o: shaft of the ilium and floor of the pelvis
I: Ca4-Ca7 vertebrae; also attached by fascia to the external anal sphincter
innervation: ventral brs. of third sacral and first caudal spinal nerves
action: bilateral: press the tail against anus and genital parts
unilateral: move the tail cranially and laterally
compression of rectum
with the lavatory of the tail, cause a sharp angulation between the 6th and 7th caudal vertebrae
coccyges m.
courses from the ischial spine to the transverse processes of Ca2-Ca4 vertebrae
located lateral to levator ani m.!
innervation: ventral br. of third sacral spinal n.
action: bilateral: press the tail against the anus and genital parts
with tail flexors-draw the tail between the rear legs
unilateral: lateral flexion of the tail
is hypogastric nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic?
sympathetic
is pelvic n. sympathetic or parasympathetic?
parasympathetic
what kind of nerve fibers does the pelvic plexus have?
sympathetic (from hypogastric n.), parasympathetic (from pelvic n.) and visceral sensory fibers
what kind of nerve fibers does the pudendal n. have?
somatic motor and sensory fibers
what does the hypogastric n. innervate?
pelvic viscera
nerve cell bodies of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves are located
in the sacral region of the spinal cord
what does the pelvic n. innervate?
descending colon to left colic flexure, rectum and urogenital organs
courses with prostatic or vaginal a.!!
what kind of innervation does the pudendal n. give?
sensory to the rectum, internal and external repro organs, and perineal skin
motor to perineal muscles
the pudendal n. continues as the
dorsal n. of the penis/ dorsal n. of the clitoris
caudal gluteal a. supplies blood to the
muscles outside of the pelvis and in caudal thigh region
internal pudendal a. supplies blood to the
pelvic viscera
what structures does the vaginal a. supply?
vagina uterus urinary bladder urethra utterer rectum
what structures are supplied by the prostatic a.?
prostate ductus deferens epididymis urinary bladder urethra ureter rectum
sensory innervation of the bladder occurs via which nerve?
pudendal n.
does the smooth muscle sphincter at the neck of the bladder have sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation?
sympathetic
what kind of stimulation causes smooth muscle of the bladder to contract and the sphincter to relax resulting in evacuation of the bladder?
parasympathetic
urethralis m.
skeletal m. surrounding the pelvic urethra and acts as a voluntary sphincter that is innervated by the pudendal n.
function of accessory genital glands
add volume to ejaculate to provide a vehicle for sperm
act as a buffer by neutralizing the pH in urine and CO2 produced by sperm
produce prostaglandins that cause smooth muscle contraction informal repro tract
what accessory genital glands does the male dog have
prostate and ampullary glands
what accessory genital glands does the male cat have
prostate
ampullary- not as well developed
bulboureteral
ampullary glands are located
in the wall of the terminal portion of the ductus deferens
difference in prostate gland in the cat
located further caudally along urethra than in dog
doesn’t completely surround pelvic urethra nor enlarge as much with age
bulbourethral gland in cat
located dorsally just near ischial arch just cranial to attachment of penis to ischium
what is the external anal sphincter innervated by?
caudal rectal n.
rectococcygeal m.
smooth muscle, courses between dorsal surface of rectum and Ca5-6 vertebrae
action I stop aid in defecation by stabilizing the rectum. aids in evacuation of feces by shortening the rectum
