pelvic cavity

Question 1

boundaries of the pelvic cavity

Answer 1

cranial- pelvic inlet (sacrum, ileum, pubis)
dorsal-sacrum and first few caudal vertebrae
lateral-ilium and coccyges, levator ani and middle gluteal mm.
ventral-pelvic symphysis formed by pubis and ischium and floor of the pelvis
caudal- pelvic outlet

Question 2

perineum

Answer 2

space between anus and scotum/vulva

Question 3

surface boundaries of perineum

Answer 3

dorsal-tail/anus
ventral-scrotum/vuvla
lateral-ischiatic tuberosity

Question 4

determination of sex in kittens

Answer 4

increased anogenital distance in males
male is colon shaped :
female is semicolon shaped ;

Question 5

pelvic diaphragm is composed of what 2 muscles

Answer 5

levator ani m.

coccyges m.

Question 6

levator ani m.

Answer 6

o: shaft of the ilium and floor of the pelvis
I: Ca4-Ca7 vertebrae; also attached by fascia to the external anal sphincter
innervation: ventral brs. of third sacral and first caudal spinal nerves
action: bilateral: press the tail against anus and genital parts
unilateral: move the tail cranially and laterally
compression of rectum
with the lavatory of the tail, cause a sharp angulation between the 6th and 7th caudal vertebrae

Question 7

coccyges m.

Answer 7

courses from the ischial spine to the transverse processes of Ca2-Ca4 vertebrae
located lateral to levator ani m.!
innervation: ventral br. of third sacral spinal n.
action: bilateral: press the tail against the anus and genital parts
with tail flexors-draw the tail between the rear legs
unilateral: lateral flexion of the tail

Question 8

is hypogastric nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 8

sympathetic

Question 9

is pelvic n. sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 9

parasympathetic

Question 10

what kind of nerve fibers does the pelvic plexus have?

Answer 10

sympathetic (from hypogastric n.), parasympathetic (from pelvic n.) and visceral sensory fibers

Question 11

what kind of nerve fibers does the pudendal n. have?

Answer 11

somatic motor and sensory fibers

Question 12

what does the hypogastric n. innervate?

Answer 12

pelvic viscera

Question 13

nerve cell bodies of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves are located

Answer 13

in the sacral region of the spinal cord

Question 14

what does the pelvic n. innervate?

Answer 14

descending colon to left colic flexure, rectum and urogenital organs
courses with prostatic or vaginal a.!!

Question 15

what kind of innervation does the pudendal n. give?

Answer 15

sensory to the rectum, internal and external repro organs, and perineal skin
motor to perineal muscles

Question 16

the pudendal n. continues as the

Answer 16

dorsal n. of the penis/ dorsal n. of the clitoris

Question 17

caudal gluteal a. supplies blood to the

Answer 17

muscles outside of the pelvis and in caudal thigh region

Question 18

internal pudendal a. supplies blood to the

Answer 18

pelvic viscera

Question 19

what structures does the vaginal a. supply?

Answer 19

vagina 
uterus 
urinary bladder 
urethra 
utterer 
rectum

Question 20

what structures are supplied by the prostatic a.?

Answer 20

prostate 
ductus deferens 
epididymis 
urinary bladder 
urethra
ureter 
rectum

Question 21

sensory innervation of the bladder occurs via which nerve?

Answer 21

pudendal n.

Question 22

does the smooth muscle sphincter at the neck of the bladder have sympathetic or parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 22

sympathetic

Question 23

what kind of stimulation causes smooth muscle of the bladder to contract and the sphincter to relax resulting in evacuation of the bladder?

Answer 23

parasympathetic

Question 24

urethralis m.

Answer 24

skeletal m. surrounding the pelvic urethra and acts as a voluntary sphincter that is innervated by the pudendal n.

Question 25

function of accessory genital glands

Answer 25

add volume to ejaculate to provide a vehicle for sperm
act as a buffer by neutralizing the pH in urine and CO2 produced by sperm
produce prostaglandins that cause smooth muscle contraction informal repro tract

Question 26

what accessory genital glands does the male dog have

Answer 26

prostate and ampullary glands

Question 27

what accessory genital glands does the male cat have

Answer 27

prostate
ampullary- not as well developed
bulboureteral

Question 28

ampullary glands are located

Answer 28

in the wall of the terminal portion of the ductus deferens

Question 29

difference in prostate gland in the cat

Answer 29

located further caudally along urethra than in dog

doesn’t completely surround pelvic urethra nor enlarge as much with age

Question 30

bulbourethral gland in cat

Answer 30

located dorsally just near ischial arch just cranial to attachment of penis to ischium

Question 31

what is the external anal sphincter innervated by?

Answer 31

caudal rectal n.

Question 32

rectococcygeal m.

Answer 32

smooth muscle, courses between dorsal surface of rectum and Ca5-6 vertebrae
action I stop aid in defecation by stabilizing the rectum. aids in evacuation of feces by shortening the rectum