Abdominal Cavity Flashcards
Boundaries of the abdominal cavity
Lateral and ventral: external abdominal oblique m., internal abdominal oblique m., transverse abdominus m., costal arch (lateral)
Dorsal: vertebrae, hypaxial mm.
Cranial: Diaphragm
caudal: pelvic inlet
parietal peritoneum
lines the boundaries of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Attached to transversals fascia
visceral peritoneum (serosa)
covers the organs within the abdominal and pelvic cavities
peritoneum
serous membrane that secretes serous fluids
peritoneal cavity
located between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
connecting peritoneum
double sheets of peritoneum extending between organs or connecting them to the parietal peritoneum
ex) mesentery, ligament , omentum
mesentery
passes from abdominal wall to intestine
wide and contains vessels and nerves
ligament
courses from wall to organ, or organ to organ
narrow, contains few vessels
structures that develop from dorsal primitive mesentery
greater momentum mesoduodenum mesojejunum mesoileum mesocolon mesorectum
structures that develop from ventral primitive mesentery
lesser omentum
falciform ligament
median ligament of the bladder
cranial abdomen during development
has dorsal and ventral primitive mesentery
abdomen caudal to the liver during development
has only dorsal primitive mesentery
greater omentum
“fat skin”
corses from dorsal body wall to greater curvature of the stomach
contains fat and vessels
superficial (closer to ventral abdominal wall, contains spleen) and deep (contains the left limb of the pancreas) leaves
omental bursa
space between superficial and deep leaves of greater momentum
epiploic foramen
identify on right side of animal
entrance to the omental bursa
site of communication between peritoneal cavity and omental bursa
boundaries of the epiploic foramen
dorsal-caudal vena cava
ventral- (hepatic) portal vein
caudal-hepatic a.
cranial -liver
lesser omentum
courses from lesser curvature of the stomach and initial portion of duodenum to liver and stomach
hepatogastric ligament
part of the lesser omentum located between stomach and liver
hepatoduodenal ligament
part of the lesser omentum located between the liver and initial portion of the duodenum
organs located in right cranial quadrant
pylorus pyloric antrum Duodenum RCr-RCa Cranial duodenal flexure Descending duodenum RCr-RCa Ascending Colon RCa-RCr Transverse Colon RCr-LCr Liver LCr-RCr gal bladder Right kidney RCr-RCa Left limb of pancreas RCr-LCr Right limb of pancreases RCr-RCa
organs located in all 4 quadrants
jejunum
colon
organs located in left cranial quadrant
Cardia (stomach) Fundus (stomach) Body of stomach Transverse Colon RCr-LCr Descending Colon LCr-LCa Liver LCr-RCr Left kidney LCr-LCa Spleen LCr-LCa (in dorsal and left lateral recumbency) LCr, LCa, RCr (in right lateral recumbency) Left limb of pancreas RCr-LCr
organs located in right caudal quadrant
Descending duodenum RCr-RCa Caudal duodenal flexure RCa-LCa ileum LCa-RCa cecum Ascending Colon RCa-RCr Right kidney RCr-RCa Right limb of pancreas RCr-RCa
organs located in left caudal quadrant
Ascending duodenum
Duodenojejunal flexure
Ileum LCa-RCa
Descending Colon LCr-LCa
Left kidney LCr-LCa
Spleen LCr-LCa (in dorsal and left lateral recumbency)
LCr, LCa, RCr (in right lateral recumbency)
falciform ligament
remnant of ventral mesentery
courses from umbilicus to the diaphragm
storage of fat in dog
falciform ligament encloses________
in fetus: umbilical vein
in adult: round ligament of the liver
falciform ligament in cat
not nearly as big as in dog, just a small peritoneal fold
median ligament of bladder
remnant of ventral mesentery
courses along ventral body wall caudal to umbilicus & attaches to urinary bladder
aortic hiatus
part of diaphragm
opening in diaphragm muscle that aorta, azygos v. and thoracic duct pass through
esophageal hiatus
opening in diaphragm muscle that esophagus, dorsal & ventral vagus nerve trunks, and esophageal vessels pass through
caval foramen
foramen in diaphragm that caudal vena cava passes through
crura of diaphragm attach to
L3 and L4 vertebrae
lumbocostal arch
located lateral to crura between crus and body wall
sympathetic trunk and major splanchnic n. course through each arch
lobes of the liver
left (lateral and medial), quadrate, right (lateral and medial), caudate (with caudate and papillary processes)
gal bladder location in liver
between right and quadrate lobes
falciform ligament and round ligament of liver located
between left and quadrate lobes
parietal surface of liver
contacts the diaphragm
visceral surface of diaphragm
contacts stomach, duodenum, pancreas, right kidney, +/- spleen, greater momentum and small intestine
ligaments of the liver
hold the liver in place. Triangular ligament & coronary ligament
triangular ligament
right triangular ligament: courses from right crus to diaphragm to right lateral lobe of liver
left triangular ligament: courses from left crus to diaphragm to left lateral lobe of liver
coronary ligament
courses between diaphragm and liver around caudal vena cava and hepatic veins
hepatic artery
carries oxygen rich blood to the liver
portal vein
carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract
Hepatic vein
carry blood from the liver tho the caudal vena cava
biliary system contains
gall bladder
cystic duct
hepatic ducts
common bile duct
gall bladder
located between the quadrate and right medial lobes of the liver (right cranial abdominal quadrant)
stores bile
cystic duct
courses between the gall bladder and bile duct
hepatic ducts
carry bile from liver to bile duct
common bile duct
formed by union of cystic duct and hepatic ducts
carries bile to duodenum
major duodenal papilla
site of drainage of bile duct into duodenum
functions of the liver
metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins
production of bile
storage and filtration of blood
excretion of bilirubin and other substances formed elsewhere in the body
detoxify foreign substances
blood flow to the liver
hepatic artery
portal vein
blood flow from the liver
hepatic veins
