Abdominal Cavity Flashcards by Abbey Duff

Boundaries of the abdominal cavity

Lateral and ventral: external abdominal oblique m., internal abdominal oblique m., transverse abdominus m., costal arch (lateral)
Dorsal: vertebrae, hypaxial mm.
Cranial: Diaphragm
caudal: pelvic inlet

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parietal peritoneum

lines the boundaries of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Attached to transversals fascia

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visceral peritoneum (serosa)

covers the organs within the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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peritoneum

serous membrane that secretes serous fluids

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peritoneal cavity

located between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

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connecting peritoneum

double sheets of peritoneum extending between organs or connecting them to the parietal peritoneum
ex) mesentery, ligament , omentum

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mesentery

passes from abdominal wall to intestine

wide and contains vessels and nerves

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ligament

courses from wall to organ, or organ to organ

narrow, contains few vessels

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structures that develop from dorsal primitive mesentery

greater momentum 
mesoduodenum 
mesojejunum 
mesoileum 
mesocolon 
mesorectum

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structures that develop from ventral primitive mesentery

lesser omentum
falciform ligament
median ligament of the bladder

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cranial abdomen during development

has dorsal and ventral primitive mesentery

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abdomen caudal to the liver during development

has only dorsal primitive mesentery

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greater omentum

“fat skin”
corses from dorsal body wall to greater curvature of the stomach
contains fat and vessels
superficial (closer to ventral abdominal wall, contains spleen) and deep (contains the left limb of the pancreas) leaves

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omental bursa

space between superficial and deep leaves of greater momentum

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epiploic foramen

identify on right side of animal
entrance to the omental bursa
site of communication between peritoneal cavity and omental bursa

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boundaries of the epiploic foramen

dorsal-caudal vena cava
ventral- (hepatic) portal vein
caudal-hepatic a.
cranial -liver

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lesser omentum

courses from lesser curvature of the stomach and initial portion of duodenum to liver and stomach

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hepatogastric ligament

part of the lesser omentum located between stomach and liver

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hepatoduodenal ligament

part of the lesser omentum located between the liver and initial portion of the duodenum

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organs located in right cranial quadrant

pylorus 
pyloric antrum 
Duodenum RCr-RCa
Cranial duodenal flexure  
Descending duodenum RCr-RCa
Ascending Colon  RCa-RCr
Transverse Colon  RCr-LCr
Liver  LCr-RCr
gal bladder 
Right kidney  RCr-RCa
Left limb of pancreas  RCr-LCr
Right limb of pancreases RCr-RCa

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organs located in all 4 quadrants

jejunum

colon

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organs located in left cranial quadrant

Cardia (stomach)
Fundus (stomach)
Body of stomach
Transverse Colon  RCr-LCr
Descending Colon  LCr-LCa
Liver  LCr-RCr
Left kidney  LCr-LCa
Spleen LCr-LCa (in dorsal and left lateral recumbency)
LCr, LCa, RCr (in right lateral recumbency)
Left limb of pancreas RCr-LCr

organs located in right caudal quadrant

Descending duodenum RCr-RCa
Caudal duodenal flexure  RCa-LCa
ileum  LCa-RCa
cecum 
Ascending Colon  RCa-RCr
Right kidney  RCr-RCa
Right limb of pancreas RCr-RCa

organs located in left caudal quadrant

Ascending duodenum
Duodenojejunal flexure
Ileum LCa-RCa
Descending Colon LCr-LCa
Left kidney LCr-LCa
Spleen LCr-LCa (in dorsal and left lateral recumbency)
LCr, LCa, RCr (in right lateral recumbency)

falciform ligament

remnant of ventral mesentery courses from umbilicus to the diaphragm storage of fat in dog

falciform ligament encloses________

in fetus: umbilical vein | in adult: round ligament of the liver

falciform ligament in cat

not nearly as big as in dog, just a small peritoneal fold

median ligament of bladder

remnant of ventral mesentery | courses along ventral body wall caudal to umbilicus & attaches to urinary bladder

aortic hiatus

part of diaphragm | opening in diaphragm muscle that aorta, azygos v. and thoracic duct pass through

esophageal hiatus

opening in diaphragm muscle that esophagus, dorsal & ventral vagus nerve trunks, and esophageal vessels pass through

caval foramen

foramen in diaphragm that caudal vena cava passes through

crura of diaphragm attach to

L3 and L4 vertebrae

lumbocostal arch

located lateral to crura between crus and body wall | sympathetic trunk and major splanchnic n. course through each arch

lobes of the liver

left (lateral and medial), quadrate, right (lateral and medial), caudate (with caudate and papillary processes)

gal bladder location in liver

between right and quadrate lobes

falciform ligament and round ligament of liver located

between left and quadrate lobes

parietal surface of liver

contacts the diaphragm

visceral surface of diaphragm

contacts stomach, duodenum, pancreas, right kidney, +/- spleen, greater momentum and small intestine

ligaments of the liver

hold the liver in place. Triangular ligament & coronary ligament

triangular ligament

right triangular ligament: courses from right crus to diaphragm to right lateral lobe of liver left triangular ligament: courses from left crus to diaphragm to left lateral lobe of liver

coronary ligament

courses between diaphragm and liver around caudal vena cava and hepatic veins

hepatic artery

carries oxygen rich blood to the liver

portal vein

carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract

Hepatic vein

carry blood from the liver tho the caudal vena cava

biliary system contains

gall bladder cystic duct hepatic ducts common bile duct

gall bladder

located between the quadrate and right medial lobes of the liver (right cranial abdominal quadrant) stores bile

cystic duct

courses between the gall bladder and bile duct

hepatic ducts

carry bile from liver to bile duct

common bile duct

formed by union of cystic duct and hepatic ducts | carries bile to duodenum

major duodenal papilla

site of drainage of bile duct into duodenum

functions of the liver

metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins production of bile storage and filtration of blood excretion of bilirubin and other substances formed elsewhere in the body detoxify foreign substances

blood flow to the liver

hepatic artery | portal vein

blood flow from the liver

hepatic veins