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Radiology Review > Peds Trivia > Flashcards

Peds Trivia Flashcards

1
Q

before what exam is Cimetidine given

A

Meckels scan

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2
Q

Dose of phenobarbital before HIDA for biliary atresia

A

5 mg/kg/d for 3-5 days before the test

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3
Q

Hepatic calcification in young kid

A

get US, could be mass

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4
Q

Hepatoblastoma

A

usually < 5 yo

heterogeneous solid mass that can calcify

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5
Q

Hepatoblastoma is assoc with what syndrome

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

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6
Q

Fatty infiltration of the pancreas in a kid

A

CF

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7
Q

Echogenic bowel seen on fetal US suggests what

A

CF (70%)

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8
Q

Hydropic GB with strawberry tongue, etc.

A

Kawasaki syndrome

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9
Q

Umbilical artery line

A

high position = T6-T10

Or low postion = L3-L5 (avoids mesenteric branches)

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10
Q

Umbilical vein line

A

should be at the inferior cavoatrial jcn

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11
Q

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

A

multiple noncommunicating cysts throughout the right kidney without dilated renal pelvis
- assoc with contralateral UPJ obstruction 7-27%

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12
Q

ARPKD

A

first decade of life
can have macrocysts, but most are 1-2 mm
congenital hepatic fibrosis

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13
Q

ADPKD

A

after first decade of life
macrocysts
berry aneurysms

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14
Q

Wilms tumor

A

heterogeneous mass arising from kidney (look for claw sign of renal paryenchyma)

Get CT of the chest for lung mets
Look for liver mets

commonly invades renal veins and IVC

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15
Q

Sickle trait and renal tumor

A

Medullary carcinoma

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16
Q

Bilateral pelvicaliectasis and thick, trabeculated bladder in the male

A

poster urethral valves - VCUG

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17
Q

What medication should be discontinued prior to MIBG study

A

TC antidepressants (imipramine)
Amphetamines
Insulin
reserpine

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18
Q

Neuroblastoma IV-S

A

skin, liver, and bone marrow mets (no cortical bone mets)

Good prognosis

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19
Q

< 3 months with heterogeneous solid mass in the kidney that involves the renal sinus

A

congenital mesoblastic nephroma

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20
Q

girl with spinning top proximal urethra on VCUG

A

unstable bladder contractions that are resisted by the distal voluntary sphincter = dysfunctional voiding

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21
Q

septated, T2 bright cystic mass in the vagina of the 2-6 yo or 14-18 yo girl

A

embyonal rhabodomyosarcoma (botryoides variant)

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22
Q

which ped renal tumor is most likely to go to bone

A

clear cell renal sarcoma

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23
Q

Medullary nephrocalcinosis in a kid

A

usually assoc with hypercalciuria (distal renal tubular acidosis and prolonged immobilization)

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24
Q

kidneys in kids should be within what size of each other

A

1 cm

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25
MCL for osteomyelitis in kids
metaphysis
26
MCL for osteomyelitis in infacnts
epiphysis
27
lateral condylar fractures occur most often at what ages
5-10 yo and are usually Salter Harris Type IV
28
Blounts disease
inward bowing of the tibia (varus) with hypertrophy of the medial meniscus
29
unilateral spntaneous hip or knee pain with worsening joint stiffness with normal X ray and T2 bright confined to the middle third of the subchondral femoral head
idipathic chondrolysis
30
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
often lytic followed by sclerosis in chronic course with bone marrow edema and periositis (usually in metaphysis of long bones) may involve clavicle assoc with Wegener granulomatosis
31
Lipomatosis of a nerve with macrodactyly
macrodystrophia lipomatosa
32
thanatophoric dysplasia
telephone receiver femurs shortened ribs flattened vertebral bodies megalencephaly
33
Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (elbow)
MC in kids with radial head subluxation
34
MCL of relapse of osteosarcoma
lung (90%)
35
structural scoliotic curve
vertebral morphologic changes like wedging and rotation (not correctable with ipsilateral bending)
36
what Cobb angle is bracing and surgery recommended
bracing - 20-45 degrees Surgery - > 45 degrees
37
proximal focal femoral deficiency disorder
failure of development of the proximal femur assoc with abscent cruciate ligaments
38
Osteochondrosis of the inferior pole of the patella (10-14 yo)
Sindin-Larsen-Johansson syndrome (like osggod-schlatter of the patella)
39
Congenital lobar overinflation
LUL > RML > RUL > lower lobes (rare) hyperexpansion of one or more pulmonary lobes
40
Round pneumonia
90% < 12 yo | usually Strep pneumo
41
CF in lungs
central/perihilar distribution upper lobe predominant apical segments of the lower lobes
42
large cystic lung mass with multiple septations with a hx of cystic nephroma and DICER-1 mutation
pleuropulmonary blastoma
43
DDX of chest wall masses
``` rhabdomyosarcoma osteosarcoma chest wall and pleural mets lymphoma solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura ```
44
Lymph nodes in primary TB
usually right hilar low density centers with enhancing rim on CT primary TB doesn't cavitate
45
Haller index that is significant
> 3.25
46
MC type of TE fistula
proximal esophageal atresia with distal fistula
47
Fractures highly specific for kid abuse
``` bucket handle or corner posterior ribs scapula spine sternum ```
48
Assoc with schizencephaly
septo-optic dysplasia Gray matter heterotopia absent septum pellucidum
49
most common suprasellar mass in kids
Craniopharyngioma
50
Craniopharyngioma
CT - hypodense mass with possible calcs MRI - T1-T2 hyperintense, cystic with peripheral enhancement
51
Nonenhancing mass in the tuber cinereum with percocious puberty, isointense to gray matter on T1
hypothalamic hamartoma - gelastic seizures
52
Juv. Pilocystic astrocytoma
round, T2 hyperintense tumor with internal mural nodules and peripheral contrast enhancement - arise in midline and can extend into the cerebellar hemispheres - 30% optic nerve/chiasm
53
Medulloblastoma
``` arise from (velum) of the 4th ventricle CT - hyperdense ``` MRI - hypo T1, vary T2, avid enhancement, ** diffusion restriction ** - scan the whole spine for drop mets
54
Joubert Syndrome
Hypoplastic cerebellar vermis and hypoplastic superior cerebellar peduncle = molar tooth sign (midbrain) - enlarged 4th vent - superior cerebellar peduncles are vertically oriented and elongated in AP direction - separation of cerebellar hemispheres
55
Ependymoma
arise from floor of 4th vent - plastic tumor - intramural cysts and hemorrhage in 66% - heterogeneous and enhancing mass
56
subependymoma
inferior 4th vent middle-age or older T2 hyper lobular mass No or mild enhancement
57
Choroid plexus papilloma
40% in 4th vent, CPA and foramina of Luschka Lateral vent more common in kids Lobular and greatly enhances
58
Scaphocephaly
Sagittal suture
59
Plagiocephaly
single coronal or lamboid suture
60
Vein of Galen malformation
embolization
61
ADEM (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis)
MCL = subcortical WM (can involve GM) - multiple T2 bright foci - CSF analysis
62
Chordoma
- MCL = sacrum followed by around clivus - CT - calcified matrix common - MRI = hypo T1, Hyper T2 and most enhance
63
MC feeding artery for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
internal maxillary artery
64
JNA
bony changes on CT ST mass centered on sphenopalatine foramen (often wide) and bowing of the posterior wall of the maxillary antrum anteriorly - marked contrast enhancement
65
Mildly enhancing, mineralized T2 hypo masses in the orbits of kids
Retinoblastoma
66
Scheuermann Disease (juvenile kyphosis)
kyphosis of the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine at least 3 sdj vertebrae have wedging assoc with schmorl nodes, limbus vertebrae, scoliosis, spondylolisthesis
67
Caudal regression syndrome
- lumbosacral vertebral body dysgenesis - usually below L1 and often limited to sacrum - truncated, blunt spinal cord terminating above the expected level - severe canal narrowing rostral to last intact vertebrae
68
Pulmonary sling
impression on posterior trachea and anterior esophagus - left pulmonary artery arises from posterior right pulmonary artery
69
Types of pulmonary artery sling
Type 1 - position of carina NORMAL (T4-T5) Type 2 - LOW carina (T6)
70
Types of fibromuscular hyperplasia
medial (MCC), perimedial, and intimal - medial and perimedial cause stenosis and aneurysms - intimal = smooth narrowing
71
collateral path for lower extremities in abdominal aortoiliac stenosis
SMA -> IMA -> hemorrhoidal arteries -> external iliac arteries
72
Cicumflex aortic arch
aorta passes to the left of the trachea but then becomes the descending aorta (assoc with anomalous right subclavian artery) - always forms a vascular ring
73
Le compte maneuver
transposition of the great vessels - MC complication is coronary artery occlusion
74
Management of Ebstein abn
tricuspid valvoplasty
75
Common anomaly assoc with PAPVR
- congenital heart - sinus venosus ASD - bronchogenic cysts - accessory diaphragms - hernias - horseshoe lung
76
Next test in PAPVR
Echo -> CTA or MRA
77
Cardiac fibroma
- intramyocardial - septum or free wall - T1 vary - T2 vary - No first pass perfusion - Delayed enhancement
78
Cardiac Rhabodmyoma
- Intramycocardial or intravacitary - T1 vary - T2 vary - No first pass perfusion - NEGATIVE delayed enhancement
79
Cardiac Myxoma
- MCL left atrium - T1 vary - T2 bright - No first pass perfusion - Variable delayed enhancement
80
Cardiac Hemangioma
- location vary - T1 Dark - T2 bright - Bright first pass perfusion - Vary delayed enhancement
81
Cardiac Malignancy
all vary
82
High origin of the coronary artery
> 1 cm above the sinotubular junction
83
Most common coronary artery anomaly assoc with TOF
right coronary from the LAD
84
Increased lung markings with cyanotic heart disease
- truncus - transposition - hypoplastic left heart - TOF in decreased
85
Stages of Norwood for hypoplastic left heart
- Blalock-Taussig shunt - Glenn - Fontan
86
Beckwith-Wiedemann
congenital overgrowth disorder - omphalocele - macroglossia - neonatal hypoglycemia - hemihypertrophy - hepatosplenomegaly - nephromegaly - cardiac abn - adrenal cytomegaly - pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia - facial nevus flammus - ear lobe creases - increased Wilms
87
Nuchal translucency should be done when
11-13 weeks
88
Inheritance of Ehlers-Danlos
Autosomal dominant
89
MCA cardiac abn with Di-Geroge syndrome
TOF
90
Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Triad - capillary malformation - venous malformation - limb overgrowth (with or without lymphatic malformation)
91
Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorders usually due to what organism
EBV

Radiology Review (9 decks)

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