Associations and Differentials

Question 1

NF-1

Answer 1

cutaneous neurofibromas
cafe au lait spots
freckling
optic nerve gliomas
sphenoid wing dysplasia (bony changes)
Dural ectasia
Lateral meningoceles (assoc. with scoliosis)
Lung findings (cysts, ground glass, etc)

Question 2

Chest wall desmoid tumor (low grade sarcoma)

Answer 2

Gardner syndrome

Question 3

Carney triad

Answer 3

pulmonary chondromas
extra-adrenal paragangliomas
GIST

Question 4

Lofgren Syndrome

Answer 4

sarcoidosis with thoracic adenopathy
erythema nodosum
arthralgia

Question 5

Osler-Weber-Rendu (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia)

Answer 5

multiple arteriovenous malformations
mucocutaneous telangectasias
epistaxis

Question 6

Fibrosing Mediastinitis

Answer 6

hilar masslike calcification
vascular obstruction
unilateral pulmonary volume loss

Question 7

MCC of fibrosing mediastinitis

Answer 7

in US = histoplasma

Question 8

proximal esophageal rupture

Answer 8

right pleural effusion common

pneumomediastinum in about 1 hour

Question 9

distal esophageal rupture

Answer 9

left pleural effusion

hydropneumothorax

Question 10

pericardial effusion diff

Answer 10

infection
malignancy
trauma
radiation
collagen vascular disease
metabolic disorders

Question 11

Most common tracheal tumors

Answer 11

squamous cell carcinoma -> adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 12

Vasculitis of large chest vessels

Answer 12

Takayasu and Bechet (bechet more likely to involve the abdominal aorta or pulmonary arteries)

Question 13

Nodular interlobular septal thickening

Answer 13

sarcoid
pneumoconiosis
pulmonary alveolar septal amyloidosis

Question 14

Swyer-James Syndrome

Answer 14

postinfectious obilterative bronchiolitis due to pediatric pneumonia (adenovirus or mycoplasma)
unilateral hemithorax lucency (mosaic attenuation) with diminished vascularity (unilateral or bilateral)

Question 15

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegners) chest involvement

Answer 15

pulmonary nodules
ground glass opacities
Central cavitation (50%) - nodules >2cm
Trachea/Bronchi - circumferential wall thickening (not like TBPO or TO - spare posterior membrane)

Question 16

Kartageners

Answer 16

lower lung predominant
varicoid bronchiectasis
consolidation
tree-n-bud
situs inversus totalis (50%)

Question 17

Williams-Campbell Syndrome

Answer 17

normal main bronchi
cystic bronchiectasis
+/- mosaic attenuation
4-6 generation bronchi

Question 18

Tracheobronchomegaly (Monier-Kuhn)

Answer 18

Trachea and bronchi big

bronchiectasis

Question 19

Acute chest syndrome (SS anemia)

Answer 19

MC circumstance - death in adult with SS
fever
chest pain
pulmonary symptoms
AND pulmonary opacities

Question 20

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia

Answer 20

lower lungs
perilymphatic cysts (70%)

Question 21

Chronic lung consolidation in the setting of Sogrens

Answer 21

Lymphoma

Question 22

Caplan syndrome

Answer 22

RA in the setting of occupational exposure

scattered pulmonary nodules (can have egg shell calcs like silicosis)

Question 23

Hepatopulmonary sydrome w/ cirrhosis

Answer 23

dilated peripheral vessels = intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting

Question 24

Shrinking lung syndrome

Answer 24

SLE and Sogren combined (progressive weakening of diaphragm and/or restricted chest expansion)

Question 25

Obliterative bronchiolitis

Answer 25

MCAssoc with Rheumatoid Arthritis

mosaic pattern/air trapping

Question 26

Blood in supracellar cistern

Answer 26

ICA-PCOM junction anuerysm

Question 27

Blood in interhemispheric fissure

Answer 27

ACOM

Question 28

Blood in the sylvian fissure

Answer 28

MCA

Question 29

Most common artery as source of upper GI bleeds (Mallory-Weiss tears)

Answer 29

Left gastric

Question 30

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome

Answer 30

combination of capillary malformations, soft tissue or bone hypertrophy, and varicose veins or venous malformations (ex. rectal cavernous hemangiomas - look for phleboliths)

Question 31

Klippel-Feil Syndrome

Answer 31

two or more non-segmented cervical vertebrae fusion

type I - fusion of many cervical and upper thoracic vertebae

type II - fusion of two or three vertebrae with associated hemivertebrae, occipito-atlantal fusion

type III - cervical fusion with lower thoracic or lumbar fusion

Question 32

McKittrisk-Wheelock Syndrome

Answer 32

colorectal tumor (villous adenoma) that secretes mucous diarrhea -> electrolyte abnormalities

• cauliflower like tumor in the colon
• MCL = rectosigmoid region