Associations and Differentials Flashcards
NF-1
cutaneous neurofibromas cafe au lait spots freckling optic nerve gliomas sphenoid wing dysplasia (bony changes) Dural ectasia Lateral meningoceles (assoc. with scoliosis) Lung findings (cysts, ground glass, etc)
Chest wall desmoid tumor (low grade sarcoma)
Gardner syndrome
Carney triad
pulmonary chondromas
extra-adrenal paragangliomas
GIST
Lofgren Syndrome
sarcoidosis with thoracic adenopathy
erythema nodosum
arthralgia
Osler-Weber-Rendu (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia)
multiple arteriovenous malformations
mucocutaneous telangectasias
epistaxis
Fibrosing Mediastinitis
hilar masslike calcification
vascular obstruction
unilateral pulmonary volume loss
MCC of fibrosing mediastinitis
in US = histoplasma
proximal esophageal rupture
right pleural effusion common
pneumomediastinum in about 1 hour
distal esophageal rupture
left pleural effusion
hydropneumothorax
pericardial effusion diff
infection malignancy trauma radiation collagen vascular disease metabolic disorders
Most common tracheal tumors
squamous cell carcinoma -> adenoid cystic carcinoma
Vasculitis of large chest vessels
Takayasu and Bechet (bechet more likely to involve the abdominal aorta or pulmonary arteries)
Nodular interlobular septal thickening
sarcoid
pneumoconiosis
pulmonary alveolar septal amyloidosis
Swyer-James Syndrome
postinfectious obilterative bronchiolitis due to pediatric pneumonia (adenovirus or mycoplasma)
unilateral hemithorax lucency (mosaic attenuation) with diminished vascularity (unilateral or bilateral)
Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegners) chest involvement
pulmonary nodules
ground glass opacities
Central cavitation (50%) - nodules >2cm
Trachea/Bronchi - circumferential wall thickening (not like TBPO or TO - spare posterior membrane)
Kartageners
lower lung predominant varicoid bronchiectasis consolidation tree-n-bud situs inversus totalis (50%)
Williams-Campbell Syndrome
normal main bronchi
cystic bronchiectasis
+/- mosaic attenuation
4-6 generation bronchi
Tracheobronchomegaly (Monier-Kuhn)
Trachea and bronchi big
bronchiectasis
Acute chest syndrome (SS anemia)
MC circumstance - death in adult with SS fever chest pain pulmonary symptoms AND pulmonary opacities
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
lower lungs perilymphatic cysts (70%)
Chronic lung consolidation in the setting of Sogrens
Lymphoma
Caplan syndrome
RA in the setting of occupational exposure
scattered pulmonary nodules (can have egg shell calcs like silicosis)
Hepatopulmonary sydrome w/ cirrhosis
dilated peripheral vessels = intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting
Shrinking lung syndrome
SLE and Sogren combined (progressive weakening of diaphragm and/or restricted chest expansion)
