PEDS ASSESSMENT

Question 1

What is the hole between R & L atria that must close at birth

Answer 1

Foramen ovale

Question 2

What must close at birth to allow blood flow to the lungs?

Answer 2

Ductus anteriosus

Question 3

What must close at birth to allow blood flow to the liver?

Answer 3

Ductus venosus

Question 4

Defects that increase pulmonary blood flow

Answer 4

1. Patent ductus arteriosus
2. Atrial septal deficits
3. Ventricular septal deficits

Question 5

Patent ductus arteriosus is

Answer 5

Common in premature
- leads to heart failure, inadequate oxygen to brain

Question 6

What causes “wet lungs”

Answer 6

Atrial septal deficits

Question 7

Atrial septal deficits

Answer 7

Opening in septum between R & L atrial chambers
- wet lungs (too much blood in lungs)
- lead to respiratory infection, R ventricle working too hard —- heart failure, poor exercise tolerance, being small for age

Question 8

Deficits that decrease pulmonary blood flow

Answer 8

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 9

Ventricular septal deficits

Answer 9

1+ openings in muscular/membranous portions of ventricular septum
- 50% cases of resolve by 5yrs otherwise surgery needed
- feeding difficulties, SOB, increased perspiration, increased respiratory infections, fatigue with increased activity, delayed growth

Question 10

Can result in Eisenmenger’s complex of pulmonary vascular obstruction

Answer 10

Ventricular septal deficits

Question 11

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 11

• pulmonary valve/artery stenosis, ventricular septal deficit, R ventricular hypertrophy, override of ventricular septum
• central cyanosis, coagulation deficits, clubbing of fingers/toes, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, dyspnea

Question 12

Result in feeding difficulties

Answer 12

Tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal deficits

Question 13

Results in clubbing of fingers/toes

Answer 13

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 14

Deficits with mixed pulmonary blood flow

Answer 14

Transposition of great arteries

Question 15

Transposition of great arteries

Answer 15

• no communication between systemic & pulmonary circulations
• result of coexisting congenital transposition of the ventricles
• cyanosis, congestive heart failure, respiratory distress

Question 16

Result in heart failure

Answer 16

• transposition of great arteries
• patent ductus arteriosus

Question 17

Result in cyanosis

Answer 17

• transposition of great arteries
• tetralogy of Fallot

Question 18

Results in delayed growth

Answer 18

Ventricular septal deficits

Question 19

Abnormally slow HR below 60 mph

Answer 19

Bradydysrhythmia

Question 20

Pacemaker is used for

Answer 20

Bradydysrthemia

Question 21

Abnormal fast HR more than 100 BPM

Answer 21

Tachydysrthymia

Question 22

Tachydysrthymia results in

Answer 22

• can lead to CHF
• irritability, poor eating habits, pallor

Question 23

Treatment for sickle cell anemia

Answer 23

Pain management

Question 24

Treatment for osteogenesis imperfeca

Answer 24

• parent education in handling/positioning to prevent fx
• encourage monitored activity promoting WBering

Question 25

Deficiency of surfactant

Answer 25

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 26

Result of prolonged mechanical ventilation use to treat acute respiratory problems

Answer 26

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Question 27

Bronchial smooth muscle hyperactivity that causes airway constriction in lower respiratory tract, difficulty breathing, wheezing

Answer 27

Asthma

Question 28

Degenerative condition caused by inherited autosomal recessive disorder related to chromosome 7 gene

Answer 28

Cystic fibrosis

Question 29

Too many red blood cells, elevated levels of white blood cells

Answer 29

Erythrocytosis/ transient leukemia - Down syndrome children

Question 30

Absence/reduction of one of clottingblood proteins

Answer 30

Hemophilia

Question 31

Bleeding episodes after traumatic events

Answer 31

Mild hemophilia

Question 32

bleeding episodes after minor injury

Answer 32

Moderate hemophilia

Question 33

Bleeding after injuries or without apparent cause, may affect muscles/joints

Answer 33

Severe hemophilia

Question 34

signs of hemophilia

Answer 34

1. Excessive bleeding 2. Excessive bruising 3. Spontaneous bruising/bleeding without known cause 4. Nosebleeds

Question 35

Iron deficiency in blood

Answer 35

Anemia

Question 36

How is anemia treated?

Answer 36

Diet

Question 37

Abnormally shaped red blood cells

Answer 37

Sickle cell anemia

Question 38

Brittle bones, decreased bone deposition caused by inability to form type I collagen

Answer 38

OI

Question 39

Most severe OT

Answer 39

Fetal: fx occur in utero, during birth, high mortality

Question 40

Moderate severe OI

Answer 40

Infantile: fx in early childhood, severe limb deformity, growth disturbances

Question 41

Least severe OI

Answer 41

Juvenile: fx in late childhood, by puberty, bones begin to harden & fewer fx occur

Question 42

Excessive growth at ephiphyseal plate

Answer 42

Marfan’s syndrome

Question 43

Presentation of marfan’s syndrome

Answer 43

1. Long slender fingers (arachnodactyly) 2. Skull asymmetries 3. Tall stature 4. Joint, eye, heart differences 5. Lax, hyper mobile joints 6. Poorly developed, striated muscles

Question 44

Comorbidities of marfans

Answer 44

1. Dislocation of lenses 2. Scoliosis 3. Coxa vara 4. Depressed sternum 5. Stooped shoulders 6. Fragility of blood vessels 7. Delayed walking

Question 45

Stunting of epiphyseal growth plate & cartilage formation

Answer 45

Achondroplasia (chnondrodystrophia or dwarfism)

Question 46

Presentation & comorbidities of achondroplasia

Answer 46

- grow less than 4ft tall - limbs shorter in length - prominent forehead - small nose, jaw Comorbidities: lumbar lordosis, coxa vara, cubitus Vargas, back and leg pain

Question 47

Reduced anterior horn cells in spinal cord

Answer 47

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital