Cardiopulmonary Conditions Flashcards
Non controllable heart disease risk factors
- Age
- Sex
- Family history
Controllable heart disease risk factors
- Smoking
- Hyperlipidema
- Hypertension
- Sedentary lifestyle
Sometimes controllable heart disease risk factors
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Stress
OT intervention for coronary artery disease & angina pectoris
Sternal precautions, home program guidelines
Types of open heart surgery
- Coronary artery bypass graft
- valve replacement
Phases of cardiac rehab
- Inpatient
- Outpatient
- Community
Inpatient: phase 1 of OT intervention
- Monitor electrocardiogram, blood pressure, pulse
- Clinical pathway: checklist of therapy tx for particular dx; variances from list are recorded
- ADL progress & activity according to MET levels
- Monitor symptoms of activity intolerance
- Develop home program: activity guidelines, pacing, simplify activities, temperature precautions, social/sexual activity guidelines, risk factors, symptoms of activity intolerance
Outpatient: phase 2 of OT intervention
- OT 3 days a week for 4-8 weeks
- Exercise & activity to tolerance with progression of MET levels
- Weight training at 2-4 weeks if symptoms controlled
- Education in risk factor modification
- Evaluation for psychosocial issues & referral if indicated
- Work hardening if indicated
Community: phase 3 of OT intervention
- Physician referral
- Stress test
- Continue phase 2 activities & progress as tolerated with less therapy supervision & in community settings
Myocardial infarction
Prolonged ischemia (reduced blood flow), injury, death to area of myocardium
- caused by occlusion of one or more of coronary arteries
- results in necrosis of heart tissue
Coronary artery disease
Atherosclerotic disease process (artery covered with plaque)
- narrows lumen of coronary arteries
- results in ischemia (reduced blood flow) to myocardium
Angina pectoris
Clinical manifestation of ischemia (reduced blood flow)
- mild to moderate substernal chest pain/discomfort
- feels like pressure/dull ache in chest & L arm (can be felt anywhere in UE inc neck, jaw, back, arm, epigastric area)
- lasts less than 20 min
Congestive heart failure
L sided heart failure
- blood not adequately pumped into systemic circulation
- pulmonary congestion, edema, low cardiac output due to backup of blood from LV to LA and lungs
- occurs with insult to L ventricle due to myocardial disease, excessive workload of heart (hypertension, valvular disease, congenital defects), cardiac arrhymias, heart damage
Angioplasty
Surgical dilation of blood vessel using small balloon tipped catheter inflated inside lumen
- relieves obstructed blood flow in acute angina or acute MI
- improves coronary blood flow, improved L ventricular function, angina relief
COPD
Condition with damage to alveolar wall & inflammation of conducting airways