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First Aid Step 2 > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Nontender abdominal mass associated with elevated VMA and HVA

A

Neuroblastoma

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2
Q

Most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Esophageal atresia with distal TEF - 85%

Unable to pass NG tub

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3
Q

Not CI to vaccination

A

Mild illness and/or low grade fever, current abx, prematurity

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4
Q

Tests to RO shaken baby syndrome

A

Opthalmologic exam, CT, MRI

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5
Q

Neonate has meconium ileus

A

CF

Hirschsprung disease is associated with failure to pass meconium for 48 hrs

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6
Q

Bilious emesis within hours of first feeding

Double bubble on AXR

A

Duodenal atresia

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7
Q

2 month baby presents with nonbilious project emesis, olive shaped mass
Dx
Managment

A

Pyloric stenosis

Correct metabolic abnormalities (hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis) then pyloromyotomy

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8
Q

Most common primary immunodeficiency

A

Selective IgA def

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9
Q

Infant has high fever and onset of rash as fever breaks- what at risk for

A

Febrile seizure due to roseola infantum

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10
Q

Immunodef: boy has chronic resp infection. Nitroblue tetrazolium test neg

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

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11
Q

Immunodef: child has eczema, thrombocytopenia, high IgA

A

Wiskot Aldrich

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12
Q

Immunodef: 6 month old boy life threatening Pseudomonas infection (or S pneumo or Haemophilus)
No tonsils or other lymph tissue

A

Bruton’s X linked agammaglobulinemia

B cell def

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13
Q

Acute phase Tx Kawasaki

A

High dose ASA for infl and fever

IVIG to prevent coronary a aneurysms

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14
Q

Tx mild and severe unconjugated hyperbili

A

Mild: phototherapy
Severe: exchanges transfusion
DO NOT PHOTOTX IF CONG

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15
Q

Sudden onset mental status changes, emesis, liver dysfcn after ASA

A

Reye’s syndrome

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16
Q

Child loss of red light reflex. Dx Inc risk of what cancer?

A

Suspect retinoblastoma

Osteosarcoma inc risk

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17
Q

Vaccination at 6 months

A 
HBV
DTaP
Hib
IPV
PCV
Rotavirus
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18
Q

Tanner stage 3 in 6 yo female

A

PRecocious puberty

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19
Q

Infection of small airways with epidemics in winter and spring

A

RSV bronchiolitis

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20
Q

Current jelly stools, colicky and pain, bilious vomiting, sausage shaped mass in RUQ, target sign on US
Tx

A

Intussusception

Air barium enema

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21
Q

Congenital heart disease causes secondary HTN

Find on PE?

A

Coarctation of aorta

Dec femoral pulses on exam

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22
Q

1st line Tx otitis media

A

Amoxicillin x 10 D

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23
Q

Most common pathogen causing croup

A

Parainfluenze type 1

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24
Q

Homeless child small for age, peeling skin, swollen belly

A

Kwashiorkor- protein malnutrition

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25
Q

Defect in X linked syndrome with mental retardation, gout, self mutilitaion, choreoathetosis

A

Lesch Nyhan - pruine salvage problem with HGPRTase def

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26
Q

Newborn girl with continuous machine like murmur

Rx

A

PDA

INdomethocain to close

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27
Q

Newborn with posterior neck mass and swelling of hands

A

Turner

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28
Q

Age reflexes disappear

A

6 months

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29
Q

Developmental milestones: 2 months

A

Social smile
Lift head 45 degrees
Eyes follow to midline
Coos

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30
Q

Developmental milestones: 4 months

A

Laughs, aware of caregiver, localizes sound
Lift head 90 degrees
eyes follow past midline
Rolls front to back, grasps rattle

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31
Q

Developmental milestones: 6 months

A

Differentiate parents from others; STRANGER ANXIETY
Rolls over, holds self up with hands, sits without support
Grasps, attempts to feed self, transfers from hand to hand
Babbles

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32
Q

Developmental milestones: 9 months

A 
Interactive games, separation anxiety (9-15 months)
Crawls, pulls to stand
Grasps with thumb (3 finger grasp)
First words
Waves, pat a cake
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33
Q

Developmental milestones: 12 months

A

Separation anxiety (9-15 mo)
Walks with help/alone, throws object
Pincer grasp, makes tower of 2 blocks
5-10 word vocabulary, follows 1 step commands

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34
Q

Developmental milestones: 18 months

A

Parellel play
Walks well, walks backward
Makes tower of four blocks, uses cup or sppob
10-50 word vocabulary with 2 word sentences

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35
Q

Developmental milestones: 2 yrs

A

Dresses self with help
Runs and climbs stairs
Makes tower of 6 blocks
50-75 word vocabulary with 3 word sentences

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36
Q

Developmental milestones: 3 yrs

A 
Magical thinking
Climbs and descends stairs
Makes tower of nine blocks, draw circle
Rides tricycle
3 word sentences
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37
Q

Developmental milestones: 4 yrs

A

Plays with others
Hops 1 foot
Able to draw line image then can draw closed image
250 word vocab with 4 word sentences - knows colors and numbers

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38
Q

Developmental milestones: 6 yrs

A 
Distinguish fantasy vs reality
Skips
Draws person
Fluent speech
>5 word sentences
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39
Q

What is moro reflex
When disappear
CNS area

A

Extension head causes extension and flexion of limbs - startle reflex
3 months gone
Medulla and vestibular nuclei

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40
Q

What is grasp reflex
When disappear
CNS area

A

Placing finger in palm causes grasping
3 months
Medulla and vestibular nuclei

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41
Q

What is rooting reflex
When disappear
CNS area

A

Rubbing cheek causes turning of mouth to stimuli
3 months
Medulla and trigeminal

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42
Q

What is tonic neck reflex
When disappear
CNS area

A

HEad turned, arm on faced side extendeds and opposite arm flexes
3 months
Medulla and vestibular nuclei

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43
Q

What is Placing reflex
When disappear
CNS area

A

Rubbing foot dorsum causes foot to step up
2 months
Cortx

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44
Q

Vaccines asplenic kid

A

Hib (do not give to normal kids >5 yrs)

Pneumo

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45
Q

Tanner 1-5 male

A

1: small genitals and no hair
2: testicular and scrotal enlargement with skin coarsening, fine hair
3: penile enlargement and further testicular growth, more hair
4: enlargement and darkening of skin, hair coarser and spreads over larger region
5: adult genitalia with coarse hair

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46
Q

Psychosocial issues 10-13 yrs

A

Concerte thinking and early independent behavior

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47
Q

Psychosocial issues 14-16 yrs

A

emergence of sexuality, increased desire for independence, abstract thought

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48
Q

Psychosocial issues 17-21 yrs

A

increased self awareness, increased confidence in one’s own abilities, more open relationship with parents, cognitive maturity`

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49
Q

Chr deletion 22q11 - thymic and parathryoid hypoplasia, congential heart disease, tetany (2/2 hypocalcemia)
Recurrent viral and fungal infections b/c insufficient T cells, PCP

A

DiGeorge

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50
Q

Persistent infection of skin, mucous membranes, naisl by Candida from T cel def
Frequently adrenal pathology
Possible dec IgG, poor reaction to cutaneous Candida anergy test

A

Chornic mucocutaneous candidiasis

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51
Q

Abnormal B cell differentiation resulting in low B cells, X linked, boys recurrent bacterial infections >6 mo
No B cells in peripheral smear

A

X linked agammaglobulinemia

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52
Q

Abnromal Ig production by B cells, increased resp and GI infection; Dec IgA, all other Ig normal
Anaphylactic transfusion reaction

A

IgA def

DO NOT GIVE IVIG

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53
Q

Defect T cell CD40 resulting in poor interaction with B cells, Low IgG, excessive IgM
ENCAPSULATED BACTERIA INFECTIONS
Dec IgG and IgG with inc IgM

A

Hyper IgM disease

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54
Q

Autosomal disorder of B cell differentiation resulting in low Ig levels but normal B cell levels and DEC PLASMA CELLS; inc resp and GI infections in 2nd decade lif; inc risk malignant noeoplasms and AI
Low Ig, poor response to vaccines, dec CD4: CD8; both men and women affected

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

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55
Q

Absent T cells and abnormal Ab fcn - severe immunocompromise 2/2 defect in stem cell maturation and dec adenosine deaminase
Recurrent infections of ALL TYPES
Frequently fatal at early age
Dec WBC and Ig

A

SCID

NEED PCP PROPHY

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56
Q

X linked, significant susceptibility to ENCAPSULATED bacteria and opportunistic pathogens, ECZEMA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA, easy bleeding, recurrent otitis media, dec IgM, inc IgA or IgE, abnormal WASP gene

A

Wiskott Aldrich

WIPE
Wiskot
Infections
Purpura
Eczema
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57
Q

AR - CEREBELLAR DYSF, CUTANEOUS TELANGIECTASIA, inc risk cancer, impaired WBC and IgA development, cerebellar ataxia after 3 yrs of age, recurrent pulm infection
Cause?

A

Ataxia telangiectasia

DNA repair defect

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58
Q

Defect in which neutrophils cannot digest engulfed bacteria (not able to make superoxide), recurrent bacterial and fungal infections - usu catalase + = S aureus, E coli, Candida, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus
Cut, pulmonary, perirectal abscess formation; chronic LNopathy
DX: Nitroblue tetrazolium test

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

Daily TMP SMX

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59
Q

Defect in neutrophil chemotaxis, T cell signaling, overproduction of IgE - chronic dermatitis, recurrent skin abscesses, pulm infections; coarse facial features, retained primary teeth
Inc eosinophils

A

Hyper IgE/Job

FATED
Coarse Facies
Abscess - S auresus
retained primary Teeth
hyper igE - eosinophilia
Derm- eczema
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60
Q

AR dysfcn of neutrophils chemotaxis and MT polymerization - inc Staph aureus, strep, Gram N, fungal infections
Abnormal plts, neutropenia albinism, neuro dysfcn
Large granules in granulocytes on peripheral smear

A

Chediak Higashi

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61
Q

Inability of neutrophils to leave circulation bc abnormal leukocyte integrins (type 1) or E selectin (type 2)
Recurrent bacterial infection of resp and skin
Delayed separation of umbilical cord
Short stature, weird face

A

Leukocyte adhesion def - type 1 and 2

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62
Q

Multiple inherited deficiencies of one or more complement components; cannot form MAC = recurrent Neisseria, meningococcal or GC
Recurrent bacterial infection and predisposition for AI disorders like SLE
Hemolytic complement test abnormal

A

Complement deficiencies

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63
Q

Female with short stature, infertile, abnormal genitls, inc renal and cardiac defects (coarctation of aorta), craniofacial (protruding ears, neck webbing, low occipital hairline), possible horseshoe kidney

A

Turner 45 XO

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64
Q

Male with testicular atrophy, tall thin body, gynecomastia, infertile, mild mental retardation, psychosocial, female hair distribution

A

Klinefelter 47 XXY

Tx: testosterone

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65
Q

Male tall body (>6 ft), ace, mild mental retardation

A

XYY

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66
Q

Female with increased incidence mental retardation, menstrual abnormalities

A

XXX

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67
Q

Mental retardation, craniofacial (protruding tongue, flat nose, small ears), vision and hearing loss, broad hands SIMIAN CREASE, cervical spine instability, increased space between 1st and 2nd toes, inc risk duodenal atresia, AD, ALL, cardiac defects

A

Trisomy 21 -Down (increase with maternal age)

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68
Q

Severe mental retardation, small mouth, limb abnormalities (rocker bottom feet, overlaping fingers on grasp), cardiac and GI, fatal in first year

A

Trisomy 18 - Edwards

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69
Q

Cleft lift and palate, cardiac defects, CNS defects, severe mental retardation, rounded nose, polydactyly, frequently fatal within first year

A

Trisomy 13- Patau

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70
Q

X linked, lots CGG codon repeats, large face with prominent jaw and large ears, mild hand and foot abnormalities, large testicles, mental retardation, hyperactivity, possible seizures
Females only carriers
Gene?

A

Fragile X

FMR1 gene

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71
Q

Entire 5 p chromosome arm

High pitched catlike cry, small head, low birth weight, mental retardation, early mortality 2/2 FTT

A

Cri di chat

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72
Q

4p16 to end of arm

Mental retardation, multiple cranial abnormalities, seizures

A

Wolf Hirschhorn

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73
Q

15q11-15q13 deletion of paternal allele

Overeating, obesity, decreased mm tone, mental retardation, small hands and feet

A

Prader Willi

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74
Q

15q11-15q13 deletion of maternal allele

Puppetlike movement, happy mood, unprovoked laughter, mental retardation, seizure

A

Angelman

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75
Q

22q11, cleft palate, cardiac, mild mental retardation, significant overbite, speech disorder, T cell def, hypoCa, assoc with DiGeorge

A

Velocardiofacial

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76
Q

7q11.23 Elfin facies (short, upturned nose, long philtrum, wide mouth), short, mental retardation, cheerful/friendly, cardiac defects (supravalvular stenosis)

A

Williams

77
Q

Child abuse - which more suspicious GC or Chlam

A

GC, Chlam can be acquired at birth and persist for 3 years

78
Q

Cyanotic heart defects

A

5 T
Truncus arteriosus- one atrerial vessel for both ventricles
Transposition of great vessels - Two arteries are switched
Tricuspid atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Total anaomlous pulm venous return

79
Q

Noncyanotic heart defects

A

3d
VSD
ASD
PDA

80
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic -which direction A

A

Acyanoti: Lto R

Cyanotic R to L

81
Q

Associated disorder: ASD and endocardial cushion

A

Down

82
Q

Associated disorder: PDA

A

Congenital rubella

83
Q

Associated disorder: Coarctation of aorta

A

Turner, also may be bicuspid aortic valve

84
Q

Associated disorder: Coronary a aneurysm

A

Kawasaki

85
Q

Associated disorder: congenital heart block

A

Neonatal lupus

86
Q

Associated disorder: supravalvular aortic stenosis

A

Williams

87
Q

Associated disorder: Cotruncal abnormalities

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, DiGeorge and velocardiofacial

88
Q

Ebsteins

A

Lithium

89
Q

Associated disorder: heart failure

A

neonatal thyrotoxicosis

90
Q

Associated disorder: Asymmetric septal hypertrophy and transposition of great vessels

A

Maternal diabetes

91
Q

Harsh holosystolic murmur at left sternal border

A

VSD

92
Q

Eisenmenger

A

L to R shunt leads to pulm HTN and shunt reversal

93
Q

Wide fixed split S2 systolic ejeection murmur left sternal border

A

ASD

94
Q

Continuous machine like murmur, loud S2, wide PP, bounding peripheral pulses

Tx

A

PDA

Indomethacin to close

95
Q

ASx HTN, SP of UE»LE, weak femoral pulses

CXR - 3 sign and rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

96
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome S/S

A 
CATCH 22
Cardiac - transposition
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
22q11 deletion
97
Q 
Language development
12 mo
15 mo
18 mo
2 yrs
3 yrs
A

12: 1 word
15: 5 words
18: 8 words
2 yrs: 2 word phrase
3 yrs: 3 word phrases

98
Q

Normal sexual development female

A

Thelarche–>Pubarche–>growth–>menarche

99
Q

Normal sexual devo male

A

Gonadarche–>pubarche–>adrenarche–>growth

100
Q

AR, normal at birth, few months later mental retardation, fair hair and skin, eczema, blond hair, blue eyes, musty urine odor; inc risk heart disease
What?
Enzyme defect
Tx

A

PKU
Dec phenylalanine hydroxylase or dec THB cofactor
Tx: dec phenylalainne - artificial sweetener

101
Q

CF - mutation where, AR or AD

A

CFTR gene on Chr 7

AR

102
Q

FTT, chronic sinopulm disease, recurrent pulm infection, digital clubbing, chronic cough, nasal polyposis, meconium ileus, greasy stools, rectal prolapse, male infertility, def fat soluble vitamins, DMII, salty skin,
Testing?

A

CF

Sweat chloride test, genetic testing
Hypochloremic alkalosis

103
Q

Def alpha galactoside A - inc ceramide trihexoside

Severe neuropathic limb pain, angiokeratomas, telangiectasias, renal failure, inc thromboembolic events

A

Fabry’s
X linked rec

Fairy galactic

104
Q

Absence galactosylceramide and galactoside - galactosylceramidase def = inc galacocerebreside in brain
Progressive CNS degeneration, death 3 yrs of life

A

Krabbe’s
AR
Krabbe-crab (GC)

105
Q 
Def glucocerbrosidase - inc glucocerbroside
Gaucher cells - crinkled paper
Anemia and thrombocytopenia
Infantile form rapid neuro decline
Adult- normal life span
A

Gaucher

AR

106
Q

Def sphingomyelinase = inc sphingomyelin chol in RES and parenchymal cells
Cherry red spot and hepatosplenomegaly

A

Niemann Pick
AR
Pick sphinger

107
Q

Absence of hexosaminadse- inc GM2 ganglioside
Normal until 3-6 mo - weakness and slowed development; death age 3
Cherry red spot and no hepatosplenomegaly
European

A

Tay Sachs

Sax- heXosaminidase

108
Q

Def arylsulfatase A - inc sulfatide

Demyelination - progressive ataxia and dementia

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

AR

109
Q

Def alpha Liduronidase

Corneal clouding, mental retardatin, gargoylism

A

Hurler’s

AR

110
Q

Def iduronate sulfatase

Mild form Hurler without corneal clouding and mild mental retardation

A

Hunter

X link recessive (Hunters need to see)

111
Q

Cause Meckels

A

Failure of omphalomesenteric/vitelline duct to obliterate

112
Q

Dx Meckels

A

Technetium 99 scan

113
Q

Failure to pass meconium in 48 hrs, explolive discharge of stool following rectal exam

A

Hirschsprung - lack of ganglion cells in distal colon

114
Q

First month of life bilous emesis, distention, bloody or mucous in stool, AXR bird beak

A

Malrotation with volvulus - form bands that predispose to obstruction and constriction

115
Q

Premature infant, first few days or weeks of lif, feeding intolerance, bloody stools, Sx may rapidly progress, dilated loops of bowel, air in bowel wall (pneumatosis intestinal is)

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

116
Q

AD recurrent episodes of angioedema lasting 2- 72 hrs, provoked by stress or trauma

A

C1 esterase def - hereditary angioedema

117
Q

Kawasaki disease Sx

A 
CRASH and BURN
Conjuctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy- unilat
Strawberry tongue
Hands and feet- red, swollen, flaky = desquamate fingertips, polymorphous rash  (truncal)
BURN - fever >40 for >=5 d
118
Q

Scarlet fever vs Kawasaki

A

Both: strawberry tongue, desquamation hands and feet, erythema of mucous membranes

Kawasaki: bilat nonexudate conjunctivits, dry, red chapped lips

119
Q

AI disorder, morning stiffness, gradual loss motion at lest 6 wks <16 yrs old

A

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

120
Q

3 types JIA

A
  • Pacuiarticular: 4 or less joints, ANA+ and RF-, uveitis common - slit lamp exam
  • Polyarthritis: 5+ joints, symmetric RF + means severe disease
  • Systemic onset/Stills disease: recurrent high fever, salmon colored macular rash, RF and ANA -
121
Q

Common causes otitis media

Tx

A

S pneumo
nontypable H flu
Moraxella catarrhalis
Influenza A, RSV, parainfluenza

Tx: amoxicillin

122
Q

Cause bronchiolitis
Age
S/S

A

RSV
<2 yrs
Tachypnea, wheezing, crackles

123
Q

Acute onset fever, dysphagia, drooling, inspiratory retractions, hyperextended neck and chin protruding, tripod position, thumbprint sign
Major problem

A

Epiglottitis

Laryngospasm- do not exam throat without ENT or anesthesiologist

124
Q

Steeple sign, barking cough,

Cause

A

Croup

Parainfluenza (RXV, influenza, adenovirus)

125
Q

Cause epiglottitis

A

Before H flu

Now Strep, viral

126
Q

Subglottic narrowing, cause generally S aureus, can follow viral URI, vaiable respiratory distress ,pseudomembrane

A

Tracheitis

127
Q

HA, high fever, nuchal rigidity

A

Meningitis

128
Q

Menigitis with petechial rash

A

N meningitidis

129
Q

Tx meningitis neonates

A

Ampicillin + cefotaxime/gentamicin (no ceftriaxone due to risk of kernicterus)
Consider acyclovir

130
Q

Tx meningitis older kids

A

Ceftriaxone + vanc

131
Q

Common bacterial causes meningitis neonates

A

GBS
Listeria
E coli

132
Q

Common bacterial causes meningitis children and infants

A

S pneumo
N meningitidis
H flu

133
Q

age 6mo-6yrs, acute onset high fever, hot potato voice, drooling, unilat, likes to have neck extended
Common bug
Tx

A

Retropharyngeal abscess
GAS
I and D or aspirate, abx

134
Q

> 10 yrs, hot potato voice, drooling, UVULA DISPLACED TO OPPOSITE SIDE
Common bug
Tx

A

Peritonsillar abscess
GAS
I and D, tonsillectomy, abx

135
Q

Cause whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis Gram N

136
Q

Gold stand Dx pertussis

Tx

A

Culture

Erythromycin

137
Q

Prodrome: acute onset of high fever >60/104; no other Sx for 3-4 d
Rash: maculopapular rash that appears as fever breaks begins trunk and spreads to face and extremities, last

A

Roseola infantum/ exanthem subitum

HHV6 and 7

137
Q

Prodrome: none
Rash: slapped cheek, pruritic, starts arms and spreads trunk and legs, worse with fever and sun
Complications: arthropathy, congenital infection = hydrops; aplastic crisis

A

Erythema infectiosum - 5th disease

Caused by Parvovirus B19

137
Q

Prodrome: low grade fever, Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Kopliks spots (red with gray center)
Rash: maculopapular spreads from head to toe
Complications: otitis media, pneumo, laryngotracheitis, subacute sclerosing panecephalitis

A

Measles by Paramyxovirus

138
Q

Prodrome: asymptomatic or tender LNopathy
Rash: erythematous, tender, maculopapular from head to toe
Fever is low grade, pt does not appear ill
Complications: encephalitis, thrombocytopenia, congenital infection - PDA, deaf, cataracts, mental retardation

A

Rubella by rubella virus

138
Q

Prodrome: acute onset of high fever >60/104; no other Sx for 3-4 d
Rash: maculopapular rash that appears as fever breaks begins trunk and spreads to face and extremities, last

A

Roseola infantum

HHV6 and 7

138
Q

Prodrome: mild fever, anorexia, malaise that precede rash by 24 hrs
Rash: pruritic teardrop vesicular; different stages of healing; face then spreads to reast of body but spares palms and soles
infectious from 24 hrs before eruption until crusts over
Complications: Meningoencephalitis, pneumo, hepatitis, bacterial infection, Reye’s syndrome

A

Varicella - VZV

138
Q

Prodrome: fever, anorexia, oral pain
Rash: oral ulcers, maculopapular vesicular rash on hands feet and sometimes butt
Complications - non

A

Hand foot and mouth - Coxsackie A

138
Q

Conj vs unconj hyperbilirubinemia in neonatal jaundice

A

Direct/conj pathologic (cholestatsis, Dubin Johnson, Rotors, TORCH)
Unconj: physiologic or pathologic (hemolysis, breast milkd, inc circulation, bili metabolism disorder, Crigler Najjar, Gilbert)

139
Q

Kernicterus - bili deposits where

Levels must be what to deposit

A

Pins, basal ganglia, cerebellum

>25-30

140
Q 
Phys vs path jaundice of newborn
Time?
Inc bili?
Peak?
Direct % total?
Resolves?
A 
Phys     Vs     Path
72 hrs after birth vs first 24 hrs life
< 5 mg/dL/d    vs >0.5 mg/dL/hr
Peak 15
10% total
Resolves 1 -2 wks    vs persists beyond 1-2 wks
141
Q

L: S ratio of what indicates need for surfactant

A

<2:1

142
Q

Retained amniotic fluid results in prominent perihilar streakin in interlobular fissures, Resolves with O2

A

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

143
Q

Associated defects tracheoesophageal fistula

A 
VACTERL
Vertebral
Anal
Cardiac
Tracehal
Esophageal 
Renal
Limb
144
Q

Herniation of intestine only through abominal wall next to umbilicus with no sac - GI tract exposed

A

Gastroschisis

Tx: SURGICAL EMERGENCY

145
Q

Herniation of abdominal viscera through abdominal wall into a sac covered by peritoneum and amniotic membrane
Assoc Beckwith Wiedmann and trisomies

A

Omphalocele

Surgery

146
Q

L: S ratio of what indicates need for surfactant

A

<2:1

147
Q

Cerebral palsy: spastic paresis of any or all limbs, mental retardation common

A

Pyramidal / spastic

148
Q

Hemihypetrophy, macroglossia, visceromegaly

A

Beckwith Wiedemann

149
Q

Ages febrile seizures

A

6 mo - 5 yrs

150
Q

Bone tumor from neuroectoderm, assoc 11:22 translocation, Caucasion male, local pain and swelling with systemic Sx, found in midshaft of long bones
Dx: leukocytosis, inc ESR, lytic lesion with inion skinning

A

Ewing sarcoma

Excision w/ chemo and rads

151
Q

Embryonal tumor of neural crest origin,

A

neuroblastoma

152
Q

Children 2-5 yrs
Assoc: Beckwith Widemann, NF, WAGR
S/S: ASx nontender mass that does not cross midline

A

Wilms tumor

153
Q

Intermittent abd pain, peripheral neuropathy w/ wrist or foot drop, acute encephalopathy
Microcytic hypochromic anemia with basophilic stippling

Tx
-=70

A

Pb poisoning

=70: EDTA + BAL

154
Q

Hemihypetrophy, macroglossia, visceromegaly

A

Beckwith Wiedemann

155
Q

Hx untreated strep infection, sandpaper-like rash on abd and trunk with circumoral pallor and strawberry tongue–>desquamate

A

SCarlet fever

Give penicillin to prevent rheumatic fever

156
Q

Bone tumor from neuroectoderm, assoc 11:22 translocation, Caucasion male, local pain and swelling with systemic Sx, found in midshaft of long bones
Dx: leukocytosis, inc ESR, lytic lesion with inion skinning

A

Ewing sarcoma

Excision w/ chemo and rads

157
Q

Strabismus normal until?

A

3 months

158
Q

Leukocoria indicates

A

Rb
Congenital cataracts
Retinopathy of prematurity

159
Q

Intermittent abd pain, peripheral neuropathy w/ wrist or foot drop, acute encephalopathy
Microcytic hypochromic anemia with basophilic stippling

Tx
-=70

A

Pb poisoning

=70: EDTA + BAL

160
Q

Rick bite –> 1 wk later fever or chills, HA, prostration, severe malaise–>4 d later rash on palms and wrist an soles and ankles–>spreads to trunk and face
Tx

A

RMSF

Doxy or chloramphenical (2nd line)

161
Q

Hx untreated strep infection, sandpaper-like rash on abd and trunk with circumoral pallor and strawberry tongue–>desquamate

A

SCarlet fever

Give penicillin to prevent rheumatic fever

162
Q

Bilateral renal agenesis causes oligohydramnios (fetus swallows but cannot excrete), limb deformities, abnormal facies, hyoplasia of lungs

A

Potter syndrome

Pts die

163
Q

AR degeneration of anterior horn cells (LMN)
Hyppotonic at birth, all affectd by age 6 months
Slowly progresive

A

Werdnig Hoffman disease

164
Q

Sudden onset and hx honey ingestion,

Dx C botulinium tocin in feces

A

Infant botulism

165
Q

X linked recessive, dystrophin

MM weaknes, elevated CK, pseudohypertrophy of calves, Gowers sign

A

Muscular dystrophy- Ducchenne

166
Q

Expansile, lytic well demarcated lesion in proximal part of humerus
Benign

A

Unicameral bone cyst

167
Q

Osteochondritis of tibial tubercle, boys 10-15 yrs, usu bilat,

A

osgood schlatter

Tx rest and NSAIDS

168
Q

First born girl with breech delivery, + barlow and ortolani

A

CHD

169
Q

Delayed bone age, knee thigh and groin pain with a limp; 4-10 yrs old

A

Legg Calve Perthe

170
Q

9-13 yrs, obese, knee, thigh, groin pain with limp

A

SCFE

171
Q

Grayish pseudomembranes on pharynx, tonsils or uvual w/ myocarditis

A

Diptheria - Corynebacterium diptheriae

Tx: antitoxin, Pen G / erythromycin

172
Q

Tx pneumo neonates

A

Ampicillin and gentamicin

173
Q

Tx pneumo neonates after 3-5 d of life

A

Vanc + gentamicin

174
Q

1-4 mo tx pneumo

A

Macrolide

175
Q

4 mo- 4yrs Tx pneumo

A

Amox if bacterial suspected

Viral is most common in this age group

176
Q

> 5 Tx pneumo

A

Macrolide

177
Q

benign vascular tumor present first days of life, increase in size, resolve within first 2-5 yrs in 50%
No Tx

A

Cavernous hemangiomas

178
Q

Diffuse swellling or edema of scalp that CROSSES midline

A

Caput succedaneum (2 words - either side of midline)

185
Q

Subperiosteal hemorrhages do not cross midline

A

Cephalohematomas

186
Q

Abnormal type 1 collagen

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

187
Q

Glomerulonephritis and hearing loss

A

Alports

188
Q

Abnormal mm in abdomen causing wrinkled apperance, renal dysplasia, markedley tortuous and dilated ureters, enlarged bladder, cardiac and GI, cryptoorchidism, underdeveloped prostate, resp compromise, bulging abdomen, clubfoot

A

PRUNE BELLY SYNDROME

189
Q

Chlamydial conjunctivitis also called

A

Inclusion

First Aid Step 2 (22 decks)

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