Peds Flashcards
When Salter Harris III fx involve the anterolateral distal tibial epiphysis this is called what?
- a juvenile tillaux fractures
- AITFL avulsion
Supracondylar fractures of humerus are essential diagnosis to make as what artery and nerve can easily occur?
- brachial artery
- anterior interosseous nerve
describe what a volkmann contracture is from supracondylar humerus fractures
- When the elbow is splinted in substantial flexion as recommended, the brachial artery can become squeezed and spasm off.
- This results in ischemic necrosis and subsequent scarring of the forearm muscles
Mnemonic for elbow ossification centers
“Come Rub My Tree of Love”
- Capitellum
- Radial Head
- Medial epicondyle
- Trochlea
- Olecranon
- Lateral epicondyle
- 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
Classification for supracondylar humerus fractures?
Gartland
- type I: Nondisplace
- Type II: Displaced with an intact posterior cortex
- Type III: Completely displaced
Describe the Kocher criteria
- used for suspected pediatric septic arthritis of the hip (to differentiate from transient synovitis)
- Non weight bearing
- ESR > 40
- Fever
- WBC > 12k
Describe imaging and findings in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
- need AP pelvis and frog leg laterals
- may depict medial joint space widening
- A “crescent sign” may be noticed indicating seconday subchondral collapse
What radiographic finding/line can help determine if there is a slip of the hip (SCFE)
- Klein’s line
- A straight line drawn up the lateral surface of the femoral neck that does not touch the femoral head suggests the dx
Persistent genu varum angular deformity into infant and adolescent stages is commonly termed what?
blount’s disease
what causes Blount’s disease
disturbed endochondral ossification of the medial proximal tibial growth plate
MOst active physes in upper extremity?
- proximal humerus
- distal radius
Most active physis in lower extremity
- distal femur
- proximal tibia
medial physeal clavicle fx can be difficult to visualize on AP . . what views help?
- Serendipity views (beam at 40 deg cephalic tilt)
- anterior dx . . affected clavicle is above the contralateral clavicle
- Posterior dx (the affected clavicle is below the contralateral
along with AP, what additional view could be useful in clavicular SHAFT fx
- ZANCA view (15 deg cephalic tilt) to determine superior/inferior displacement
- may consider having the patient hold 5 to 10 lbs weight in affected hand
