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Ortho > Fracture classifications > Flashcards

Fracture classifications Flashcards

1
Q

Scapula Fx (Ideberg)

A
  • Ideberg
  • I: Anterior avulsion (ant. rim fx)
  • IIA: Transverse Fx through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly
  • IIB: Oblique fx through the glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly
  • III: oblique fx through the glenoid exiting superiorly and often associated with an acromioclavicular joint injury
  • IV: Transverse fx exiting through the medial border of the scapula
  • V: combination of type II and type IV
  • VI: comminuted glenoid fx
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2
Q

Scapula fx (acromial)

A
  • Type I: minimally displaced
  • Type II: Displaced but does not reduce the subacromiall space
  • Type III: Displaced with narrowing of the subacromial space
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3
Q

Scapula fx (Coracoid)

A
  • Type I: proximal to CC ligaments

- Type II: Distal to CC ligaments

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4
Q

AC joint injury

A
  • Rockwood grade
  • I: AC ligament sprain
  • II: AC tear, CC intact but sprained
  • III: AC and CC torn with AC dislocation. Deltoid and trapezius muscles are usually detached from the distal clavicle
  • IV: III with posterior displacement
  • V: III with > 100% displacement
  • VI: III with inferior displacement
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5
Q

What is a hill-Sachs lesion?

A
  • A posterolateral head defect that is caused by an impression fracture on the glenoid rim
  • This is seen in 27% of acute anterior dislocations and 74% of recurrent anterior dislocations
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6
Q

What is a Bankart Lesion?

A
  • “Bony Bankart”
  • Associated with glenoid rim fx
  • Avulsion of anterio inferior labrum off glenoid rim
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7
Q

HAGL lesion

A
  • This involves a stretching or tearing of the capsule, usually off the glenoid, but occasionally off the humerus due to avulsion of the glenohumeral ligaments
  • humeral avulsion of Glenohumeral lig
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8
Q

Proximal humerus classification

A
  • Based on # of parts
  • A part is defined as displaced if there is > 1 cm of fracture displacement or > 45 degrees of angulation
  • 1 part: No displaced fragment (regardless of # of fx lines)
  • 2 part: Anatomic neck, surgical neck, GT, or LT
  • 3 part: surgical neck + GT or surgical neck _+ LT
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9
Q

What is a Helstein-Lewis Fx?

A

-Spiral fx of distal 1/3 of humeral shaft associated with neuropraxia of Radial N.

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10
Q

Distal humerus Fx classification (Intercondylar)

A
  • Riseborough and Radin . . Intercondylar
  • Type I: Nondisplaced
  • Type II: Displaced but not rotated
  • Type III: displaced and rotated
  • Type IV: Displaced, rotated and comminuted
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11
Q

Distal Humerus fx . . . Condylar

A
  • Milch
  • Type I: lateral trochlear ridge left intact
  • Type II: Lateral Trochlear ridge part of the condylar fragment (medial or lateral)
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12
Q

Distal Humerus Fx . . Supracondylar

A

Gartland

  • Based on degree of displacement
  • Type I: Nondisplaced
  • Type II: Displaced with intact posterior cortex. May be angulated or rotated
  • Type III: Complete displacement; posteromedial or posterolateral
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13
Q

Capitellum fx classification

A
  • Bryan and Morrey
  • Type I: (Hahn-Steinthal frag) - involves large part of capitellum
  • Type II: (Kocher-Lorenz frag) - Shear fx of articular cartiilage; . . “uncapping of the condyle”
  • Type III: severely comminuted (morrey)
  • Type IV: Coronal Shear fx with extension into Trochlea (McKee)
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14
Q

Olecranon Fractures . . Colton

A

-Colton: Nondisplaced (< 2 mm) or Displaced (Avulsion, T/O, Comminuted, fx-dislocation)

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15
Q

Olecranon Fx . . Mayo

A
  • Type I fractures are nondisplaced or minimally displaced and are subclassified as either noncomminuted (type IA) or comminuted (type IB)
  • Type II fractures have displacement of the proximal fragment without elbow instability; type IIA noncomminuted. Type IIB comminuted
  • Type III fx feature instability of the ulnohumeral joint
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16
Q

Coronoid process fx class

A
  • Regan and Morrey, based on size of fragment
  • Type I: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process
  • Type II, a single or comminuted fragment involving 50% of the coronoid process or less
  • Type III: a single or comminuted fragment involving > 50% of the process
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17
Q

Radial Head Fx classification

A
  • Mason
  • Type I: Nondisplaced
  • Type II: Marginal fractures with displacement (impaction, depression, angulation)
  • Type III: Comminuted fractures involving the entire head
  • Type IV: Associated with dislocation of the elbow
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18
Q

What is an Essex-Lopresti lesion?

A

-This is defined as longitudinal disruption of forearm interosseous ligament, usually combined with radial head fracture and/or dislocation plus distal radioulnar joint injury

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19
Q

What is the elbow terrible triad

A
  • Elbow dislocation
  • Radial Head fx
  • Coronoid process fx
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20
Q

Elbow instability scale

A
  • Morrey
  • I: posterolateral rotatory instability: + pivot shift test; lateral ulnar collateral ligament disrupted
  • II: Perched condyles; varus instability; lateral ulnar collateral ligament, anterior and posterior capsule disrupted
  • IIIa: Posteror dislocation; valgus instability; lateral ulnar collateral ligament, anterior and posterior capsule and posterior MCL disrupted
  • IIIb: posterior dislocations; grossly unstable; lateral ulnar collateral ligament, anterior and posterior capsule, anterior and posterior MCL disrupted
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21
Q

What is nursemaid’s elbow

A

-Annular ligament stretches and radial head subluxates

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22
Q

What is a Monteggia Fx?

A

Proximal ulnar shaft fx + radial head dislocation

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23
Q

Fx classification for monteggia fx?

A
  • BADO (based on Radial head location)
  • I: Anterior disloc. with ant. angulated fx of ulna
  • II: Post. Dis. with post angulated fx of ulna
  • III: Lat. or anterolat. disloc. with rx of radius AND ulna
  • IV: ant. disloc. with a fx of radius AND ulna
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24
Q

Monteggia fx are produced by various mechanisms. Describe the mechanisms of injury based on Bado classification?

A
  • Type I: Forced pronation of forearm
  • Type II: Axial loading of the forearm with a flexed elbow
  • Type III: Forced abduction of the elbow
  • Type IV: Type I mechanism in which the radial shaft additionally fails
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25
Q

What is a Galeazzi fx?

A

-Fx of the radial diaphysis at the junction of the middle and distal thirds with associated disruption of the distal radioulnar joint

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26
Q

What is a Reverse Galeazzi fx

A

-Distal 1/3 of ulna with associated disruption of the distal radioulnar joint

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27
Q

What is a Barton’s fx

A

-FX- dislocation of wrist in which the dorsal or volar rim of the the distal radius is displaced with the hand and carpus

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28
Q

What is a Chauffeur fx?-

A

Radial styloid fx

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29
Q

What is a die-punch fx

A

Depressed fx of Lunate fossa of distal radius

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30
Q

Most common location of Scaphoid fx

A

“waist” . . in the middle

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31
Q

Describe the Mayfield progression of perilunate injuries

A

I: schapho-lunate disruption
II: Luno-capitate disruption
III: Luno-Triquetral disrupation
IV: Lunate (peri) dislocation

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32
Q

Perilunate injuries can occur around the greater or the lesser arch . . . describe the difference?

A
  • Greater arc injury: Associated with carpal fx

- lesser arc injury: Ligamentous injuries

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33
Q

Describe the types of fractures to the MC base of thumb

A
  • Type I (Bennett): Volar lip fx

- Type II (Rolando): Comminuted

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34
Q

Describe a Mallet finger

A

Extensor Digitorum avulsion from distal Phalanx

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35
Q

Describe a Jersey finger

A

-Flexor Digitorum profundus avulsion from P3

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36
Q

Describe Gamekeeper’s thumb

A

-Thumb MCP ulnar collateral ligament

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37
Q

Describe classification of Sacral Fx?

A
  • Denis class
  • Type I: Vertical fx (Zone 1, 2, 3, Lat –> med)
  • Type II: Transverse
  • Type III: oblique
  • Complex: U or H shape
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38
Q

Describe the pelvic ring fx classification system

  • LC: lateral Compression
  • APC: Anteroposterior compression
  • VS: Vertical shear
A
  • Young & Bergess
  • All LC have transverse fx of pubic rami
  • LC I: Sacral compression on side of impact
  • LC II: Crescent (iliac wing) fx on side of impact
  • LC III: LC-I or LC-II injury on side of impact; contralateral open-book (APC) injury
  • All APC have symphyseal diastasis or longitudinal rami fx
  • APC I: <2.5 cm symphysis diastasis
  • APC II: >2.5 cm pubic diastasis, ST, Ant. SI lig injury
  • APC III: complete SIJ disruption . . all ligaments and symphysis
  • VS: ST, SS, A + P SI lig disruption + rami fx
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39
Q

Which pelvic ring fx are vertically unstable

A
  • LC III
  • APC III
  • VS
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40
Q

This is a classification of acetabular Fxs that describes the fracture pattern. There are 10 fx patterns. 5 elementary and 5 associated

A

-Judet-Letournel

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41
Q

Describe the 10 fx patterns of Judet Letrournel classification of acetabular fx

A 
Elementary
-Post. Wall
-Post Column
-Anterior Wall
-Anterior column
Transverse
Associated fxs
-T-shaped 
-Post. Column AND wall
-Transverse and post. wall
-Ant column + posterior hemitransverse 
-Associated Both-column (ABC)
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42
Q

Posterior hip dislocation class

A
  • Thompson and Epstein
  • Type I: simple with/without insignificant post wall frag
  • Type II: Ass. w/ single large post wall frag
  • Type III: Ass. w/ comminuted post wall frag
  • Type IV: Ass. w/ fx of acetabular floor
  • Type V: Ass. with fx of femoral head (Pipkin class)
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43
Q

Anteror hip dislocation class

A
  • Epstein
  • I (A, B, C) - Superior, including pubic + subspinous
  • II (A, B, C) - Inferior, including obturator + perineal
  • A: No ass. fx
  • B: Ass. Femoral head fx
  • C: Ass. Acetabular fx
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44
Q

Femoral Head fx classification system

A
  • Pipkin (all w/ assoc. hip dislocations)
  • Type I: Fx below fovea capitis femoris
  • Type II: Fx above fovea capitis femoris
  • Type III: Type I or II + femoral neck fx
  • Type IV: Type I or II + acetabular rim fx (usually post. wall)
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45
Q

Femoral neck fx class

A
  • Garden . . look at hip notecards

- Pauwel . . . same as above

46
Q

Intertrochanteric fx classification

A
  • Evans
  • IA: Nondisplaced
  • IB: 2 parts, nondisplaced
  • IIA: 3 part, GT frag
  • IIB: 3 part, LT frag
  • III: 4 part
47
Q

What is the evans class of intertroch fxs based on?

A
  • Based on prereduction and postreduction stability
  • In stable fx patterns, the posteromedial cortex remains intact or has minimal comminution
  • Unstable patterns are characterized by greater comminution of the posteromedial cortex
48
Q

What are the 4 features that would make an intertroch fx unstable

A
  • Posteromedial cortex (calcar) comminution
  • Subtroch. extension
  • Reverse obliquity
  • Lateral wall
49
Q

What are the 2 classifications of Subtrochanteric fractures?

A
  • Russell-Taylor

- Fielding

50
Q

Describe the Russell-Taylor classification of Subtrochanteric fx?

A
  • I: No piriformis fossa extension/involvment
  • IA: LT attached to proximal frag (fx below LT)
  • IB: LT detached (involnes LT)
  • II: Fx involved piriformis fossa
  • IIA: Stable medial construct (Calcar)
  • IIB: piriformis foss and LT comminution
51
Q

Describe the Fielding classification of subtrochanteric fx?

A
  • I: At the level of LT
  • II: < 2.5 cm below LT
  • III: 2.5 - 5 cm below
52
Q

Femoral Shaft Fx classification

A
  • Winquist and Hansen
  • Based on fx comminution
  • I: Minimal or no comminution
  • II: Cortices of both fragments at least 50% intact
  • III: 50% to 100% cortical comminution
  • IV: Circumferential comminution with no cortical contact
53
Q

Classification of Distal Femur fx

A
  • OA/Muller (level of comminution + articular inv.)
  • A (1, 2, 3): Extraarticular
  • B (1, 2, 3): Unicondylar
  • C (1, 2, 3) Bicondylar; articular frag separated from shaft
54
Q

Classification of patellar fx

A
  • Descriptive
  • Open vs. Closed
  • Nondisplaced vs. displaced
  • Pattern: Stellate, comminuted, Transverse, vertical (marginal), polar osteochondral
55
Q

What are the 2 classifications of knee dislocations and what is each based on?

A
  • Kennedy (Direction of displacement of tibia)

- Schenck (pattern of ligamentous injury)

56
Q

Describe the Kennedy classification of knee dislocation

A

-Anterior > Post > Lateral > rotational > medial

57
Q

Describe the Schenck classification of knee dislocation

A
  • KD I: ACL or PCL
  • KD II: ACL + PCL
  • KD III (M/L): ACL + PCL + PMC or PLC
  • KD IV: ACL + PCL + PMC + PLC (highest risk of popliteal a. injury)
  • KD V: Dislocation + fx
58
Q

Describe the classification of Tibial Plateau fx

A
  • Schatzker
  • I: Lateral plateau split fx
  • II: Lateral split + depression (most common)
  • III: Lateral Depression
  • IV: Medial plateau fx
  • V: Bicondylar plateau fx
  • VI: Fx + metaphysis-diaphysis separation
59
Q

Tibial Plafond (pilon) fx

A
  • Ruedi and Allgower (Comminution and displacement of articular surface)
  • I: no to minimal displacement
  • II: Displacement w/ minimal impaction or comminution
  • III: Displaced w/ comminution + metaphyseal impaction
60
Q

What are the 2 classifications of ankle fxs?

A
  • Weber (location of fibular fx)

- Lauge-Hansen (Foot position + mechanism or force of impact

61
Q

Describe the Weber classification of ankle fxs?

A
  • Type A: Fx of fibula below the level of the tibial plafond . . supination of foot may be associated with an oblique or vertical fx of medial malleolus . . equivalent to Sup-Add injury of LH class
  • Type B: oblique or spiral fx of fibula at level of plafond . . SER LH class
  • Type C: fx of fibula above level of plafond and ass. with medial injury PER or PAB III
62
Q

What are the 4 Lauge-Hansen ankle fxs?

A
  • Supination Adduction (SAD)
  • Supination External Rotation (SER)
  • Pronation Abduction (PAB)
  • Pronation External Rotation (PER)
63
Q

Describe stages of SER Lauge-Hansen fx

A
  • I: AITFL +/- avulsion fx of tib/fib attachments
  • II: Spiral fx of distal fibula from ant. inferior to Post. superior
  • III: PITFL disruption or fx of posterior malleolus
  • IV: Trans. avulsion fx of medial malleolus or deltoid lig
64
Q

Describe the stages of SAD Lauge-Hansen fx

A

I: either transverse avulsion type fx of fibula distal to level of joint or rupture of LCL
II: results in vertical medial malleolus fx *****

65
Q

Describe the stages of a PAB Lauge-Hansen fx

A

I: either transverse fx of the medial malleolus or a rupture of the deltoid
II: either rupture of the syndesmotic ligaments or an avulsion fx at their insertion sites
III: Transverse or short oblique fx of distal fibula at or above the level of the syndesmosis . . . lateral comminution or a butterfly fragments

66
Q

Describe the stages of a PER Lauge-Hansen fx

A

I: Transverse fx of medial malleolus or deltoid
II: AITFL +/- avulstion fx of tibial/fibular attachment
III: Spiral fx of distal fibular at or above syndesmosis from Anterior superior to Posterior inferior
IV: PITFL or avulsion fx of posterolateral tibia

67
Q

Correlate Weber injuries to their Lauge Hansen class

A
  • A: SAD
  • B: SER
  • C: PER or PAB
68
Q

What classification for periprosthetic fx of Total HIp

A
  • Vancouver
  • Type A: Fracture in the trochanteric region
  • A(G): Greater trochanter region
  • A(L): Lesser trochanteric region
  • Type B: Around or just distal to the stem
  • B1: Stable prosthesis
  • B2 Unstable prosthesis
  • B3: unstable prosthesis plus inadequate bone stock
  • Type C: Well below the stem
69
Q

Describe the classification for lateral ankle ligament sprain

A
  • Mild: Minimal loss of fxn, no limp, min. swelling, point tenderness, pain w/ reproduction of injury mechanism
  • Moderate: Moderate loss of fxn, no hop or toe rise, + limp, + swelling, and + point tenderness
  • Severe: Diffuse tenderness, swelling, preference for non-weight bearing
70
Q

Syndesmosis sprain grades

A
  • I: diastasis involves lat. subluxation w/o fx
  • II: Lat. subluxation w/ plastic deformation of fibula
  • III: Post. subluxation/ dislocation of fibula
  • IV: Sup. subluxation/ dislocation of talus within mortise
71
Q

What are the 2 calcaneus fx classifications

A
  • Essex-Lopresti

- Sanders

72
Q

Describe the Essex-Lopresti classification of calcaneus fx

A
  • Primary fx is intraarticular, throught the posterior facet
  • Joint depression (secondary fx is just behind post. facet dorsally)
  • Tongue type (secondary fx is through tuberosity
73
Q

Describe the Sanders classification of calcaneus fx

A
  • Per coronal CT of post. facet
  • I: no displacement
  • II: 2 part fx of posterior facet, A, B, C (Lat –> med): base on location of primary fx line
  • III: 3 part fx w/ centrally depressed fragment, AB, AC, and BC
  • IV: 4 part articular fx, highly comminuted
74
Q

Talar neck fx classification

A
  • Hawkins (predicts risk of AVN)
  • I: Non-displaced (<10%)
  • II: Subtalar dislocation (40%)
  • III: II + tibiotalar dislocation (90%)
  • IV: III + Talonavicular dislocation (100%)
75
Q

Tarsal navicular fx classification

A
  • Sangeorzan (fx of navicular body)
  • I: splits navicular into dorsal and plantar segments
  • II: cleaves into medial and lateral segments
  • III: comminution of fragments and significant displacement of medial and lateral poles
76
Q

What are the fx classifications for Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joint?

A
  • Ouenu & Kuss

- Myerson

77
Q

Describe the Ouenu and Kuss classification of Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joints?

A
  • Based on commonly observed patterns of injury
  • Homolateral: All five metatarsals displaced in same direction
  • Isolated: One or two metatarsals displaced from the others
  • Divergent: Displacement of the metatarsals in both the sagittal and coronal planes
78
Q

Describe the Myerson classification of Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joints?

A
  • Based on commonly observed patterns of injury with regard to treatment
  • Total incongruity: Lateral and dorsoplantar
  • Partial incongruity: Medial and lateral
  • Divergent: Partial and total
79
Q

What are the different fx of the 5th metatarsal base?

A
  • Zone I: (pseudo-jones) - Avulsion fx of proximal tubercle
  • Zone II: (Jones) - meta-diaphyseal jxn
  • Zone III: proximal 1.5 cm of diaphyseal shaft
80
Q

Fx classification for 1st MTP joint

A
  • Bowers & Martin
  • I: Strain @ proximal attachment of volar plate from 1st MT head
  • II: Avulsion of volar plate from MT head
  • III: Impaction of dorsal surface of MT head +/- avulsion chip fx
81
Q

Classification of Spinal cord injury

A
  • Frankel
  • A: Absent motor and sensory fxn
  • B: Absent motor fxn; sensation present
  • C: Motor fxn present but not sueful (2-3/5); Sensation present
  • D: Motor fxn present & useful (4/5); sensation present
  • E: Normal motor (5/5) and sensory fxn
82
Q

Fx classification for spondylolisthesis (forward displacement of vertebrae, especially L5 over S1)

A
  • Myerding
  • I: <25%
  • II: 25-50%
  • III: 50-75%
  • IV: 75-100%
  • V: > 100% (spondyloptosis)
83
Q

What are the Classifications for periprosthetic fractures around a Total Knee?

A
  • Lewis & Rorabeck (supracondylar)
  • Felix (Tibial fx)
  • Goldberg (patella)
  • Stability of implant subtypes
84
Q

Describe the Lewis and Rorabeck periprosthetic knee fxs?

A
  • Supracondylar
  • I: nondisplaced, bone-prosthesis interface intact
  • II: Displaced, interface intact
  • III: Loose or failing prosthesis w/ displaced or nondisplaced fx
85
Q

Describe the Felix periprosthetic knee fxs?

A
  • Tibial
  • I: occur in tibial plateau
  • II: Adjacent to stem
  • III: Distal to prosthesis
  • IV: involved tibial tubercle
86
Q

Describe the Goldberg periprosthetic knee fxs?

A
  • Patella
  • I: not involving cement/implant composite or quadriceps mechanics
  • II: Involving cement/implant composite and/or quad mechanics
  • IIIA: Inferior pole fx w/ patellar ligament disruption
  • IIIB: Inferior pole w/o patellar ligament disruption
  • IV: Fx-dislocation
87
Q

Total Shoulder periprosthetic fx classification

A
  • University of Texas San Antonio
  • I: proximal to tip of humeral prosthesis
  • II: proximal humerus w/ distal extension beyond stem tip
  • III: Entirely distal to tip of humeral prosthesis
  • IV: Adjacent to glenoid prosthesis
88
Q

Total Elbow periprosthetic fx classification

A
  • Type I: fx proximal to humeral component
  • Type II: Humerus or ulna in an location along length of prosthesis
  • Type III: Distal to ulnar component
  • Type IV: Fx of implant
89
Q

Classification of Open Fxs?

A
  • Gustilo & Anderson
  • I: Wound < 1 cm
  • II: Wound 1-10 cm
  • IIIA: > 10 cm, high energy, adequate tissue for coverage, extensive comminution fxs (even if wound < 10 cm)
  • IIIB: Extensive periosteal stripping; inadequate tissue for coverage; requires free soft tissue transfer
  • IIIC: Vascular injury requiring repair
90
Q

What is the Tscherne Classification of closed Fxs?

A

Grade 0: Minimal soft tissue damage, indirect injury to limb (torsion), simple fx pattern

  • Grade 1: Superficial abrasion or contusion, mild fx pattern
  • Grade 2: Deep abrasion, skin or muscle contusion, severe fx patter
  • Grade 3: Extensive skin contusion or crush injury, severe damage to underlying muscle, compartment syndrome
91
Q

Classification of Chondromalacia?

A
  • Outerbridge
  • I: Softening of articular cartilage
  • II: “crabmeat” appearance; some fissuring
  • III: Fissures reach down to bone
  • IV: Areas of visibly exposed bone
92
Q

Classifications of Discoid meniscus tears?

A
  • Wantanabe
  • I: Complete
  • II: Incomplete
  • III: Wrisberg (no post. meniscotibial attach to tibia)
93
Q

ACL injury classification

A
  • Lachman test (knee in 20-30 degree flexion)
  • I: < 5 mm translation
  • II (A/B): 5-10 mm translation
  • III (A/B) - > 10 mm translation
  • A: firm endpoint
  • B: no endpoint
94
Q

PCL injury classification

A
  • Posterior Drawer test (knee in 90 degrees flexion)
  • I (partial isolated): 1-5 mm post. translation of tibia; Tibial remains ant. to femoral condyles
  • II: Complete isolated: 6-10 mm post. translation; Ant. Tibia flush w/ femoral condyles
  • III (PCL + capsuloligament) - > 10 mm post translation; Tibia post. to condyles; assoc. ACL and/or PLC injury
95
Q

MCL injury (sprain) grades

A
  • I: stretch injury, intact ligamentous integrity, min. torn fibers
  • II: partial MCL tear, joint laxity, fibers remain apposed, (+) endpoint @ 30 degrees flexion w/ valgus stress
  • III: complete MCL tear, gross laxity, no endpoint
96
Q

LCL injury (sprain) grades

A
  • I Minimal ligamentous disruption
  • II: partial
  • III: complete
97
Q

PLC injury grades (also for MCL/LCL laxity testing @ 30 degrees flexion)

A
  • I: 0-5 mm lat opening + minimal ligament disruption
  • II: 5-10 mm lat opening + moderate ligament disruption
  • III: > 10 mm lat opening + severe lig disruption + no endpoint
98
Q

What are the classifications of SLAP lesions?

A
  • Snyder

- Maffet (sub-classification)

99
Q

Describe the Snyder classification of SLAP lesions?

A
  • I: Labral and biceps fraying, anchor intact
  • II: Labral fraying with detached biceps tendon anchor
  • III: Bucket handle tear, intact biceps tendon anchor (biceps separates from bucket handle tear)
  • IV: Bucket handle tear with detached biceps tendon anchor (remains attached to bucket handle tear)
100
Q

Describe the Maffet classification of SLAP lesions?

A
  • V: Type II + anterointerior labral extension (Bankart lesion)
  • VI: Type II + unstable flap
  • VII: Type II + MGHL injury
  • VIII: Type II + posterior extension
  • IX: circumferential
  • X: Type II + posteroinferior extension
101
Q

What fx? Avulsion fx of posterior tibia

A

-Curbstone

102
Q

What fx? Anterior fibular tubercle avulsion by AITFL

A

LeFord-Wagstaffe

103
Q

What fx? Avulsion of Anterior tibial margin by AITFL

A

Tillaux-Chaput

104
Q

What fx? PER-type injury; complete syndesmosis disruption and diastasis + proximal fibula fx

A

Maisonneuve

105
Q

Classification for lateral epicondyle fx

A

Milch

  • Type I: lateral to trochlear groove, does NOT enter trochlear groove
  • Type II: fx line extends medially into trochlear (more common, unstable)
106
Q

Classification for Jersey finger (FDP rupture)

A
  • Leddy and Packer classification
  • based on level of tendon retraction and presence of fx
  • Type I: FDP tendon retracted to palm (leads to vascular disruption)
  • Type 2: retracts to PIP joint
  • Type 3: Large avulsion fx limits retraction to level of DIP joint
  • type 4: osseous fragment and simultaneous avulsion of tendon from fx fragment
  • Type 5: ruptured tendon with bone avulsion with bony comminution of remaining distal phalanx
107
Q

2 classifications of nerve injury

A
  • Seddon

- Sunderland

108
Q

describe Seddon classification of nerve injury

A
  • Neuropraxia: local myelin damage (often from compression or local ischemia), axon intact with NO wallerian degerneration
  • Axonotmesis: axon and myeline sheath disruption leads to conduction block with Wallerian degeneration, endoneurium remains intact
  • Neurotmesis: complete nerve division with disruption of endoneurium
109
Q

Describe sunderland classification of nerve injury

A
  • 1st degree: local myelin damage (same as seddon’s neuropraxia)
  • 2nd: Axon and myelin disruption . .same as Axonotmesis
  • 3rd: injury with endoneurial scarring
  • 4th: nerve in continuity but at the level of injury there is complete scarring across nerve
  • 5th: all layers disrupted
  • 3 through 5 are included in seddon’s neurotmesis
110
Q

Classification for Basilar thumb arthritis

A
  • Eaton and Littler
  • Stage 1: Slight joint space widening (pre-arthritis)
  • Stage 2: Slight narrowing of CMC joint with sclerosis, osteophytes < 2 mm
  • Stage 3: Marked narrowing of CMC joint with osteophytes > 2 mm
  • Stage 4: Pantrapezial arthritis (STT involved)
111
Q

what classification system is used to guide indication for cemented or uncemented femoral component fixation in a THA?

A

Dorr classification

112
Q

describe dorr classification

A
  • Type A: Ratio <0.5, cortices seen on both AP and lateral XR, uncement
  • Type B: ratio .5 to .75, thinning of posterior cortex on lateral XR, uncemented
  • Type C: ratio >.75, thinning of cortices on both views, (“stovepipe” femur), Cement

Ortho (18 decks)

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