Pediatrics Screening for Referral Flashcards
1
Q
What is considered a fever for a young infant
A
- Fever is 100.4º (38º C)
2
Q
Define a fever without source (FWS)
A
- Last 7 days or less
- Usually resolves spontaneously
- May be a minor infection
3
Q
Red flags in a newborn
A
- Difficulty in arousing
- Newborn/infant who does not display sucking
- Birth weight (low or high)
- Small or large for gestational age
- Low APGAR at 5 minutes
- Cardiovascular/pulmonary abnormalities
- Infant cannot be comforted
- Umbilical defects
- Persistent asymmetry of posture
- Persistent extension of extremities
- Head maintained to one side
- Severe flaccidity
- Lack of normal, spontaneous movements
- Failure to thrive
- Abnormal growth: head, height, weight
- Premature closing of the sutures
- Misshapen head/face
- Microcephaly/hydrocephaly
- Abnormalities of the eyes or ears or nose
- Abnormalities of the mouth
- Neck masses
- Abnormal skin texture, pigmentation, hair, turgor
4
Q
Red flags in toddlers
A
- Failure to reach developmental milestones
- Abnormal growth: head, height, weight
- Irritability
- Vision or hearing impairments
- Impaired general health
- Seizures
5
Q
Red flags in preschoolers
A
- Signs of chronic disease
- Developmental delay in any area
- Disturbances in growth
- Vaginal discharge
- Scoliosis
- Sex maturity inconsistent with age
6
Q
Red flags at any age
A
- Signs of abuse
- Excessive crying
- Difficulty breathing
- Cyanosis
- Projectile vomiting
- Failure to make eye contact
- Repetitive motor mannerisms
7
Q
Social emotional red flags in preschoolers
A
- Inability to get along in groups
- Child with excessively aggressive behaviors
- Inability to get along with family members, particularly siblings
- Aggression which is beyond instrumental aggression
8
Q
Cognitive red flags in infant/toddler/preschoolers
A
- Passive affect, lack initiative
- No creative, imaginative play
- Decreased associative play
- Decreased self awareness
- Decreased understanding of cause & effect
9
Q
Communication red flags in preschoolers
A
- Speech of a 3-4 year old cannot be understood
- Has difficulty with many sounds
- Repeats syllables and words when talking
- Does not use grammar of family
- Childhood Apraxia of Speech
- Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders
- Language-based learning disability
- Dyslexia
10
Q
Fine motor red flags in infants
A
- Persistent palmar grasp
- Asymmetry of hand use (arm use)
- Thumb grasped inside of palm
- Failure to reach
- Using primitive reflexes to grasp or release
11
Q
Fine motor red flags in toddler/preschoolers
A
- Poor crossing midline
- Poor in-hand manipulation
- Poor disassociation of digits
12
Q
Feeding red flags in infants
A
- Choking on breast or bottle
- Leakage around the mouth
- GERD
- Ineffective oral motor activities (tongue, lips, cheek)
- Failure to regain birth weight
- Failure to thrive
13
Q
Sensory processing red flags
A
- Limited speech (delays in speech)
- Regulation difficulties
- Loss of previously known words
- Repeating what is said (echolalia)
- Robotic speech or different sounding speech
- Poor eye contact
- Inappropriate affective skills
- Dislike of being touched or held
- Self-stimulating movements
- Difficulty changing routines
- Unusual attachment to objects
- Feeding difficulties
- Presence of other diagnoses (Tourette’s or Fragile X syndromes)
14
Q
Normal vitals signs in newborns
A
- Heart rate: 120-180 bpm
- Blood pressure: 60-90/30-60 mmHg
- Respiratory rate: 35-55
- Weight in pounds: 4.5-7 lbs
15
Q
Normal vital signs ion infants (1-12 months)
A
- Heart rate: 80-140 bpm
- Blood pressure: 70-100/45-90 mmHg
- Respiratory rate: 20-30
- Weight in pounds: 9-22 lbs
