Childhood Abuse Neglect and Trauma Flashcards
1
Q
Define child abuse
A
- At a minimum, any recent or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation. Or an act or failure to act, which presents an imminent risk of serious harm
2
Q
What are the 4 forms of abuse
A
- Emotional
- Neglect
- Physical
- Sexual
3
Q
Signs and symptoms of child abuse neglect trauma (WON’T BE TESTED ON INDIVIDUAL S/S)
A
- Delay in motor and social development 2. Feeding difficulties
- May look older than chronological age
- May show excessive attentiveness to surroundings
- May avoid eye contact
- Passive compliance accepts anything that happens to them, even if painful
- Clumsiness
- Malnourishment
- Injuries, cuts or bruises
- Unable to perform tasks at the level of peers
4
Q
Signs of potential abuse
A
- Closure: families attempt to withdraw from outside world and from monitoring professionals (missed appointments, children stop attending school, curtains of home remain tightly drawn, children no longer seen playing in the yard)
- Covert warnings: abuser approaches professionals & communicates info that may be disguised admission of abuse or that it is escalating (complain about child’s behavior, seeking help to manage child)
- Open warning: taking child who displays bleeding & bruising to a physician
5
Q
Characteristics of an abuser (WON’T BE TESTED ON INDIVIDUAL SIGNS)
A
- Lack of concern for child’s welfare
- Views child as “bad” or “evil”
- Offers illogical, contradictory or no explanation of injury
- Attempts to conceal child’s injury
- Protects the person who abused the child
- Routinely uses harsh or inappropriate discipline
- Were often abused themselves as children
- Poor impulse control, low self-esteem, emotional immaturity or flat personality
- Substance abuser
- Mentally retarded or low IQ
- Chaotic home life
- Lower socioeconomic class: can’t afford child care, severe economic stress
6
Q
Describe primary prevention
A
- Protecting child from maltreatment before it occurs
7
Q
Describe secondary prevention
A
- Preventing recurrence & progression of maltreatment
- Counseling for abuser & for child; behavior modification treatment
8
Q
Define childhood trauma
A
- Trauma is an emotional response to a real or perceived threat, which may cause harm, and can be isolated or reoccurring. Trauma is classified as “developmental” when it begins before age 6 and “complex” if it involves chronic, multiple traumatic experiences
9
Q
What age range has the highest rate of maltreatment
A
- Infants from birth to one year
10
Q
Adverse childhood experiences can also lead to trauma and may include
A
- Physical and/or mental illness (parent or child)
- Parent/caregiver: substance abuse, divorce, incarceration, military deployment, low socio-economic status, discrimination
11
Q
What is the progression of attachment
A
- Child distress
- Parent attunement
- Soothes infant, return positive mood
- Continue environmental exploration
- Typical development with resilience & coping
12
Q
Traumatized parents/caregivers may
A
- Not recognize the child’s trauma
- Be overwhelmed by services
- Resist mental health treatment due to stigma
13
Q
To build resilience in children you need
A
- Attachment: to be loved, valued and connected (attunement, consistency)
- Regulation: to express healthy feelings
- Competence: caregiver who ACTS, not REACTS (caregiver self-care)
14
Q
Treatment of trauma with attachment and sensory based interventions promote
A
- Advancement across developmental domains
- Reduced symptoms/behaviors associated with trauma exposure
- Improved/positive relationships with others
- A positive change in stress response and normalized cortisol patterns
- Improved affect regulation and expression
- Overall improved performance across each area in life / occupation
