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PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) > Pediatrics's > Flashcards

Pediatrics's Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of development that fall in pediatrics?

A 
Infancy 
Toddler
Pre-Schooler
School Age
Adolescent
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2
Q

What is the age bracket for infant in the stages of development?

A

0-12 months (pedia concept)

0-18 months (psychia concept)

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3
Q

What is the age bracket for neonates?

A

0-28 days

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4
Q

What is the difference between growth and development?

A

growth (quantitative changes) is the changes in size (weight and height) while development (qualitative changes) is the changes in skill

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5
Q

What are the parameters of growth?

A

Weight and Height

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6
Q

Normal weight of newborns

A

2.5 - 3.5 kg

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7
Q

Macrosomia

A

> 3.5 kg (Large for gestational age)

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8
Q

What can cause macrosomia in newborns?

A

If the mother has GDM

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9
Q

What should you watch out with newborns after birth when the mother has GDM?

A

Watch out for hypoglycemia

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10
Q

Normal blood sugar level of newborn

A

40-60mg/dl

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11
Q

Microsomia

A

< 2.5 kg (Small for gestational age)

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12
Q

What can cause microsomia in newborns?

A

Smoking mother

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13
Q

Normal height of a newborn

A

45-55 cm

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14
Q

True or False: Newborn boys are heavier and longer afterbirth than newborn girls

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: Development can be measured

A

True

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16
Q

Assessment tools to determine development of an infant

A

DDST (Denver Development Screening Test)

MMDST (Metro Manila Development Screening Test)

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17
Q

What is the condition of the infant if his/her head still lags at 2 month?

A

Hydrocephalus

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18
Q

What age (months) does an infant have a higher risk of falling?

A

5 months

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19
Q

Is an infant sucking her own foot a good or bad sign?

A

Good (exercises muscle for standing and walking)

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20
Q

What is the age bracket for Toddlers in the stages of development?

A

1-3 yrs old

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21
Q

Mnemonic for the development of toddlers

A

RENTT

Ritualistic behavior
Ego Centric
Negativism
Toileting
Toothbrushing
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22
Q

What can cause temper tantrums

A

less developed language

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23
Q

Management for temper tantrums

A
  1. Safety (helmet/pillow)

2. Ignore

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24
Q

Ego Centric with Toddlers

A

Self centered; “MINE”

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25
Q

Negativism with Toddlers

A

Always say no

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26
Q

Ritualistic behavior with Toddlers

A

security objects (blanket)

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27
Q

Management for negativism with toddlers

A

provide choices/options (this develops the persons autonomy)

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28
Q

When should you start toileting?

A

18 months old [maturation of sphincters]

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29
Q

In toileting where should you start first, bowel control or bladder control?

A

Bowel control

30
Q

When should you start tooth brushing?

A

30 months [complete milk teeth]

31
Q

When is the right time to have his/her first dental check-up?

A

30 months

32
Q

What fruit can be an alternative for tooth brushing?

A

pear

33
Q

How many milk teeth does a child have?

A

20 primary teeth

34
Q

When and where does the 1st eruption of deciduous teeth show?

A

6 months (pair on lower central incisor)

35
Q

When is the right time to introduce solid food to a child?

A

6 months

36
Q

When and where does the 2nd eruption of deciduous teeth show?

A

7 months (upper central incisor)

37
Q

When and where does the 3rd eruption of deciduous teeth show?

A

9 months (upper lateral incisor)

38
Q

When does deciduous teeth start to loosen and fall off?

A

6-7 yrs old

39
Q

What causes newborns to immediately have teeth after birth?

A

NATAL TEETH
Increase in Ca intake of mother during pregnancy
(if loose, increased risk of aspiration -> management: remove)

40
Q

Mnemonic for the development of pre-schoolers

A

MISY

Magical Thinking
Imitative
Sharing
Y?

41
Q

What is the age bracket for Pre-Schoolers in the stages of development?

A

4-6 yrs old

42
Q

Magical thinking of pre-schoolers

A

Exaggerated thinking

Imaginary friends

43
Q

Imitative for Pre-Schoolers

A

Role playing

44
Q

Sharing with Pre-Schoolers

A

cooperative with other people (peers)

45
Q

Y? with Pre-Schoolers

A

Ask 200-300 questions per day

46
Q

What is the age bracket for School Age in the stages of development?

A

7-12 yrs old

47
Q

Mnemonic for the development of School Age

A

WAT

Winner/ Loser Concept
Afraid/Fear
Teacher

48
Q

What type of play is for School Age?

A

Competitive play (winner or loser concept)

49
Q

What do School Age children afraid of or fear?

A

Death

50
Q

Concept of Death (depends on age)

A

1-6 y/o: Sleeping
7-9 y/o: Punishment (from boogey man)
10 y/o: END OF LIFE

51
Q

What is the teacher for a child of School Age?

A

Significant other/idol

52
Q

What is the age bracket for Adolescents in the stages of development?

A

13-18 yrs old

53
Q

What is the age bracket for Adolescents in the stages of development based on the psychia concept?

A

13-21 yrs old

54
Q

Mnemonic for the development of Puberty

A

PBA

Puberty
Body Image
Acne

55
Q

Common body image of Adolescents

A

Anorexia and Bulimia

56
Q

Thelarche

A

breast enlargement

57
Q

Adrenarche

A

Hair growth

58
Q

Menarche

A

First menstrual period

59
Q

Fear of infants

A

Stranger Anxiety
onset 6-7 months
peak: 8 months
end: 9 months

60
Q

Fear of Toddlers

A

separation anxiety
Protest: cry
Despair: withdrawn
Denial: ignore

61
Q

Fear of Pre-Schoolers

A

Body mutilation

62
Q

Fear of School Age

A

Death

63
Q

Appropriate play and toys for Infants

A

Solitary Play

Toys that promote sensory development (rattle, mobile, squeeze toys, soft stuffed toy)

64
Q

Appropriate play and toys for Toddlers

A

Parallel Play

Physical development toys (ball, push and pull toy, tri-bike, walkie talkie)

65
Q

Appropriate play and toys for Preschoolers

A 
Cooperative Play (Roleplay)
Toys that promote creativity (coloring books, crayons, clay legos)
66
Q

Appropriate play and toys for School Age

A 
Competitive Play (indoor)
Ball games and Board Games
67
Q

Appropriate play and toys for Adolescents

A 
Competitive Play (outdoor)
Ball Games
68
Q

Significant other of Infants

A

Mother

69
Q

Significant other of Toddlers

A

Mother and Father

70
Q

Significant other of Pre-Schoolers

A

Mother, Father and Siblings (Family)

71
Q

Significant other of School Age

A

Teacher

72
Q

Significant other of Adolescents

A

Friends (peers)

PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) (8 decks)

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