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PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) > Pediatrics's > Flashcards

Pediatrics's Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of development that fall in pediatrics?

A 
Infancy 
Toddler
Pre-Schooler
School Age
Adolescent
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2
Q

What is the age bracket for infant in the stages of development?

A

0-12 months (pedia concept)

0-18 months (psychia concept)

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3
Q

What is the age bracket for neonates?

A

0-28 days

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4
Q

What is the difference between growth and development?

A

growth (quantitative changes) is the changes in size (weight and height) while development (qualitative changes) is the changes in skill

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5
Q

What are the parameters of growth?

A

Weight and Height

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6
Q

Normal weight of newborns

A

2.5 - 3.5 kg

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7
Q

Macrosomia

A

> 3.5 kg (Large for gestational age)

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8
Q

What can cause macrosomia in newborns?

A

If the mother has GDM

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9
Q

What should you watch out with newborns after birth when the mother has GDM?

A

Watch out for hypoglycemia

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10
Q

Normal blood sugar level of newborn

A

40-60mg/dl

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11
Q

Microsomia

A

< 2.5 kg (Small for gestational age)

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12
Q

What can cause microsomia in newborns?

A

Smoking mother

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13
Q

Normal height of a newborn

A

45-55 cm

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14
Q

True or False: Newborn boys are heavier and longer afterbirth than newborn girls

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: Development can be measured

A

True

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16
Q

Assessment tools to determine development of an infant

A

DDST (Denver Development Screening Test)

MMDST (Metro Manila Development Screening Test)

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17
Q

What is the condition of the infant if his/her head still lags at 2 month?

A

Hydrocephalus

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18
Q

What age (months) does an infant have a higher risk of falling?

A

5 months

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19
Q

Is an infant sucking her own foot a good or bad sign?

A

Good (exercises muscle for standing and walking)

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20
Q

What is the age bracket for Toddlers in the stages of development?

A

1-3 yrs old

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21
Q

Mnemonic for the development of toddlers

A

RENTT

Ritualistic behavior
Ego Centric
Negativism
Toileting
Toothbrushing
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22
Q

What can cause temper tantrums

A

less developed language

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23
Q

Management for temper tantrums

A
  1. Safety (helmet/pillow)

2. Ignore

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24
Q

Ego Centric with Toddlers

A

Self centered; “MINE”

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25
Negativism with Toddlers
Always say no
26
Ritualistic behavior with Toddlers
security objects (blanket)
27
Management for negativism with toddlers
provide choices/options (this develops the persons autonomy)
28
When should you start toileting?
18 months old [maturation of sphincters]
29
In toileting where should you start first, bowel control or bladder control?
Bowel control
30
When should you start tooth brushing?
30 months [complete milk teeth]
31
When is the right time to have his/her first dental check-up?
30 months
32
What fruit can be an alternative for tooth brushing?
pear
33
How many milk teeth does a child have?
20 primary teeth
34
When and where does the 1st eruption of deciduous teeth show?
6 months (pair on lower central incisor)
35
When is the right time to introduce solid food to a child?
6 months
36
When and where does the 2nd eruption of deciduous teeth show?
7 months (upper central incisor)
37
When and where does the 3rd eruption of deciduous teeth show?
9 months (upper lateral incisor)
38
When does deciduous teeth start to loosen and fall off?
6-7 yrs old
39
What causes newborns to immediately have teeth after birth?
NATAL TEETH Increase in Ca intake of mother during pregnancy (if loose, increased risk of aspiration -> management: remove)
40
Mnemonic for the development of pre-schoolers
MISY Magical Thinking Imitative Sharing Y?
41
What is the age bracket for Pre-Schoolers in the stages of development?
4-6 yrs old
42
Magical thinking of pre-schoolers
Exaggerated thinking | Imaginary friends
43
Imitative for Pre-Schoolers
Role playing
44
Sharing with Pre-Schoolers
cooperative with other people (peers)
45
Y? with Pre-Schoolers
Ask 200-300 questions per day
46
What is the age bracket for School Age in the stages of development?
7-12 yrs old
47
Mnemonic for the development of School Age
WAT Winner/ Loser Concept Afraid/Fear Teacher
48
What type of play is for School Age?
Competitive play (winner or loser concept)
49
What do School Age children afraid of or fear?
Death
50
Concept of Death (depends on age)
1-6 y/o: Sleeping 7-9 y/o: Punishment (from boogey man) 10 y/o: END OF LIFE
51
What is the teacher for a child of School Age?
Significant other/idol
52
What is the age bracket for Adolescents in the stages of development?
13-18 yrs old
53
What is the age bracket for Adolescents in the stages of development based on the psychia concept?
13-21 yrs old
54
Mnemonic for the development of Puberty
PBA Puberty Body Image Acne
55
Common body image of Adolescents
Anorexia and Bulimia
56
Thelarche
breast enlargement
57
Adrenarche
Hair growth
58
Menarche
First menstrual period
59
Fear of infants
Stranger Anxiety onset 6-7 months peak: 8 months end: 9 months
60
Fear of Toddlers
separation anxiety Protest: cry Despair: withdrawn Denial: ignore
61
Fear of Pre-Schoolers
Body mutilation
62
Fear of School Age
Death
63
Appropriate play and toys for Infants
Solitary Play | Toys that promote sensory development (rattle, mobile, squeeze toys, soft stuffed toy)
64
Appropriate play and toys for Toddlers
Parallel Play | Physical development toys (ball, push and pull toy, tri-bike, walkie talkie)
65
Appropriate play and toys for Preschoolers
``` Cooperative Play (Roleplay) Toys that promote creativity (coloring books, crayons, clay legos) ```
66
Appropriate play and toys for School Age
``` Competitive Play (indoor) Ball games and Board Games ```
67
Appropriate play and toys for Adolescents
``` Competitive Play (outdoor) Ball Games ```
68
Significant other of Infants
Mother
69
Significant other of Toddlers
Mother and Father
70
Significant other of Pre-Schoolers
Mother, Father and Siblings (Family)
71
Significant other of School Age
Teacher
72
Significant other of Adolescents
Friends (peers)

PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) (8 decks)

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