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PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) > Community Health Nursing > Flashcards

Community Health Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: The patient is healthy in CHN

A

True

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2
Q

Primary Responsibility of CHN

A

Health Education

Health Teaching

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3
Q

What is the focus on Health Education and Teaching in CHN

A

Health Promotion

Illness Prevention

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4
Q

Health Promotion

A

Increases lvl of Health

Promote Healthy Lifestyle (DERS)

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5
Q

Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle

A

Diet
Exercise
Rest
Stop/ Avoid Smoking

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6
Q

Formula for BMI

A

Wt (kg) / H (m)^2

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7
Q

Normal BMI

A

18-23

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8
Q

BMI of an Obese Client

A

> 30

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9
Q

Top 3 Chemicals of Cigarette’s

A

Nicotine (addictive)
Carbon Monoxide (interfere oxygenation)
Tar (paralyze cilia)

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10
Q

Ways to Stop Smoking

A

Educate (ask, advice, assist and arrange)

Legislation

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11
Q

Law to stop or prevent smoking

A

Tobacco RA 9211

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12
Q

Tobacco RA 9211

A

Smoking law that Prohibits…
Public places
Advertise
Sell within 100m away from schools

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13
Q

Illness Prevention

A

Maintain Health

Use Specific Protection

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14
Q

R.A. 7305

A

Magna Carta PHW

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15
Q

Salary Grade 15

A

35k/month

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16
Q

Department of Health (DOH)

A

National authority of health

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17
Q

Vision of DOH

A

Filipinos are the healthiest in Southeast Asia by 2022

Filipinos are healthiest in Asia by 2040

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18
Q

Mission of DOH

A

Lead the country in the development of PREP health

  • Productive
  • Resilient
  • Equitable
  • People Centered
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19
Q

Executive Order 102

A

3 Main Function of DOH (LEA)

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20
Q

3 Main Functions of DOH

A

Leadership (set policies)
Enabler and Capacity Builder (new strategies and trainings)
Administrative Function (handles the tertiary facilities)

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21
Q

What facility does DOH handle

A

Tertiary Facilities

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22
Q

What are the Philippine Health Care Delivery System

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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23
Q

Primary Facilities

A

Basic Health Care Service

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24
Q

What facilities are in the Primary

A

Barangay Health Station

RHU/HC

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25
Q

Secondary Facilities

A

Common labs, medication and surgeries

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26
Q

What facilities are in the Secondary

A

District Hospital/ Emergency Hospital

Provincial Hospital

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27
Q

Tertiary Facilities

A

Advanced Health Care Facility

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28
Q

What facilities are in the Tertiary

A

Regional Hospital/Medical Center

National Hospital/National Medical Center/Specialty Hospital

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29
Q

Who are in the Barangay Health Station

A

Midwife and BHW

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30
Q

Who are in the RHU/HC

A

Complete Health Care Team

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31
Q

R.A. 7160

A

Local Government Code of 1991
(Decentralization and Devolution of whole government)
Transfer of power and implementation of Local Government Unit

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32
Q

Local Government Unit

A

Provincial Government

Municipal/City Government

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33
Q

Provincial Government

A

Manages secondary facilities
Chairperson: Governor
Vice Chairperson: Provincial Health Officer

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34
Q

Municipal/ City Government

A

Manages primary facilities
Chairperson: Mayor
Vice Chairperson: Municipal/City Health Officer

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35
Q

4 Clients of CHN

A

Individual
Family
Group/Aggregation
Community

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36
Q

Basic Unit of care in CHN

A

Family

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37
Q

People who share similar characteristics

A

Group/Aggregate

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38
Q

Primary client in CHN

A

Community

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39
Q

What lead to Alma Ata Conference

A

LOI 949 (Letter of Instruction)

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40
Q

LOI 949

A

(Letter of Instruction)
Legal basis of PHC
Implemented on October 1979 (President Marcos)

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41
Q

PHC

A

Primary Health Care

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42
Q

Vision of LOC 949

A

Health in the hands of the people (SELF RELIANCE)

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43
Q

Mission of LOC 949

A

Increase opportunity that people will manage their own health

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44
Q

Principles of PHC

A

Partnership with the people

Empowerment (transfer skills, knowledge and attitude)

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45
Q

Pillars of PHC

A

Active community participation
Intra and Inter sectoral linkages
Use of Appropriate Tech
Support mechanism made available

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46
Q

Intra

A

Within health care facilities

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47
Q

Inter

A

Outside Philippine health care delivery system

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48
Q

Characteristics of PHC

A 
Community based
Accessible (within 3-5km/30 min)
Sustainable
Affordable
Self-reliance
Available
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49
Q

Elements of PHC

A 
Educational
Locally Endemic Diseases
Essential Drugs
MCH (Mother Child Care)
EPI (Expanded Program for Immunity)
Nutrition
Treatment of Communicable Diseases, Non-Communicable Diseases and Emergency Services
Sanitation
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50
Q

What are the 3 lvls of prevention in Education (Element of PHC)

A

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

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51
Q

Who and What is the activity for Primary Clients in Education

A

Who: Healthy
Activity: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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52
Q

Who and What is the activity for Secondary Clients in Education

A

Who: High Risk
Activity:
- Early detection and screening
- Early treatment (previous complication)

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53
Q

Who and What is the activity for Tertiary Clients in Education

A

Who: Post treatment
Activity:
- Rehab
- Palliative (supportive)

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54
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of occurrence and distribution of diseases

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55
Q

Father of epidemiology

A

John Snow

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56
Q

1st Epidemiology

A

Hippocrates

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57
Q

Classification of Diseases

A
  1. Sporadic
  2. Endemic
  3. Epidemic/Outbreak
  4. Pandemic
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58
Q

Sporadic

A

Occasionally (few cases)

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59
Q

Endemic

A

Always present

Immune = susceptible

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60
Q

Epidemic/Outbreak

A

Sudden increase of cases in a short period of time

Increase susceptible, decreased immunity

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61
Q

Pandemic

A

World wide epidemic (several countries are affected)

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62
Q

Types of Epidemic

A
  1. Point Source Epidemic
  2. Propagated Epidemic
  3. Cyclical Epidemic/ Seasonal Epidemic
  4. Secular Variation
63
Q

Point Source Epidemic

A

Came from single event

Simultaneous Exposure

64
Q

What type of epidemic is food poisoning

A

Point Source Epidemic

65
Q

Propagated Epidemic

A

Transmission from person to person

66
Q

True or False: Flu and Covid-19 virus is a propagated epidemic

A

True

67
Q

Cyclical Epidemic (Seasonal Epidemic)

A

Seasonal health problems (lepto, dengue, heat stroke, rashes)

68
Q

Secular Variation

A

change in diseases through time

69
Q

What is the leading cause of death in the Philippines

A

Diseases in the heart

70
Q

What is the second leading cause of death in the Philippines

A

Diseases in the blood vessels

71
Q

Triple Burden Disease

A

Communicable Diseases
Non-Communicable Diseases
Diseases of Rapid Urbanization and Industrialization

72
Q

R.A. 11223

A

Universal Health Care Law

All Filipinos are automatically enrolled on Phil Health Care

73
Q

R.A. 8423

A

Traditional Alternative Medicine Act

74
Q

Institute that tests and approves herbal medications in the Philippines

A

RITM (Research Institute of Topical Medications)

75
Q

10 Approved Herbal Medications by RITM

A

LUBBY SANTA

Lagundi
Ulasimang Bato (Pansit-Pansitan)
Bayabas
Bawang
Yerba Buena (Peppermint)
Sambong
Akapulco
Niyog-Niyogan 
Tsaang Gubat
Ampalaya
76
Q

Lagundi

A

MOST USED

cephalocaudal use

77
Q

Where is ASCOF used

A

Asthma
Cough
Fever

78
Q

Ulasimang Bato (Pansit-Pansitan)

A

contraindicated w/ kidney stones

for URIC ACID (GOUT)

79
Q

Bayabas

A 
Antiseptic properties 
FOR WASH (mouthwash, wash wounds, diarrhea)
80
Q

Bawang

A

Decrease cholesterol (HPN)
For toothache
“bawas dugo, bawas ngipin”

81
Q

Yerba Buena (Peppermint)

A 
methol
For pain (headache, stomachache, muscle and bone pain)
82
Q

Sambong

A

For edema
Diuretic
For Kidney Stones
CONTRAINDICATED for Kidney Infections

83
Q

Akapulco

A

Fungi Infection

“Tinea” = fungal

84
Q

Niyog-Niyogan

A

For parasitism
USE SEEDS!!!!
drink 2hrs after supper

85
Q

Tsaang Gubat

A

for diarrhea, indigestion, constipation

86
Q

Ampalaya

A

For type 2 diabetes (stimulate pancreas to release insulin)

87
Q

Decoction

A

Boiling of herbal meds

88
Q

Important points with Decoction

A

Fresh Leaves
Boil water first before adding leaves
Do not cover
Low Heat

89
Q

Goal of Maternal Child Health

A

Decrease Maternal Mortality Rate

90
Q

Strategies to achieve the Goal of Maternal Child Health

A
  • 4 Prenatal Visits [Sentong Sigla Program by DOH] (8 Visits from WHO)
  • Basic Emergency Obstetric Care (BEmoc)
  • Comprehensive Obstetrics Care (CEmoc)
  • EINC (Essential Intrapartal Newborn Care)
91
Q

Basic Emergency Obstetric Care (BEmoc)

A
  • All pregnant women are assumed to be High-Risk patients
  • Common problems in pregnancy are addressed
  • Capacity building is provided (trainings) [Oxytocin, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, steroids, assisted delivery, manual removal of placental/retained products of conception ]
92
Q

Comprehensive Obstetrics Care (CEmoc)

A

Can perform blood transfusion and Cesarian Section

93
Q

EINC (Essential Intrapartal Newborn Care)

A

Evidence based practice

UNANG YAKAP

94
Q

Time Bound Unang Yakap interventions

A

Dry infant (within 30 sec)
Early skin to skin contact
Delayed cord clamping (wait for pulsation [1-3 min])
Breast Feeding

95
Q

Non-Time Bound Unang Yakap Interventions

A 
Erythropoietin 
Vit k
BCG
Hepa B
Anthropometric Measurement 
APGAR score
Wash after 6hrs
96
Q

REMOVED Newborn Care interventions on UNANG YAKAP

A 
Suctioning
Immediate cord clamping
Milking cord
Clapping buttocks
Stimulate heel
Wash immediately
Cover stump
Use of Antiseptic
97
Q

PD 996

A

EPI (Expanded Program on Immunity) Law [1976]

All children below 8 yrs old can be vaccinated for FREE

98
Q

R.A. 10152

A

Mandatory Immunization [2011]

All children below 5 yrs old can be vaccinated for FREE

99
Q

Pentavalent vaccine contains…

A

DPT (Diptheria, Pertusis, Tetanus)
Hepatitis B
Hib

100
Q

IPV

A

Inactivated Polio Vaccine

101
Q

PCV

A

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

102
Q

MMR

A

Measles, Mumps Rubella

103
Q

Rota Vaccine

A

Prevent rota virus

104
Q

5 Elements of EPI

A

Surveillance
Information, Educate and Communication (National Immuno Day [every Wednesday])
Cold Chain and Logistic Management (proper storage and transport)
Assessment and Evaluation
Target Setting (PRIMARY ELEMENT)

105
Q

Formula to determine Eligible Population

A

Infant = Total Population x 2.7%

Pregnant Women = Total Population x 3.5%

106
Q

Vaccines that are most sensitive to heat

A

Varicella
OPV
MMR

107
Q

Best temperature of freezer for heat sensitive vaccines

A

-15 to -25 degrees Celsius

108
Q

Vaccines that are least sensitive to heat

A 
BCG
Pentavalent 
IPU
Hepa B
Rota V
PCV
T.T./Td (Tetanus diphtheria)
109
Q

Best temperature of refrigerator for less sensitive to heat vaccines

A

2 to 8 degrees Celsius

110
Q

Vaccine Schedule

A
111
Q

What should be given first, ROTA vaccine or OPV

A

ROTA vaccine (higher dose)

112
Q

True or False: Injections should be given before oral medications

A

False

113
Q

Best site of IM for infants

A

Vastus Lateralis

114
Q

Best site for SQ for infants

A

Outer arm

115
Q

ADS

A

Auto disable syringe

116
Q

True or False: BCG is a live attenuated vaccine

A

True

117
Q

BCG

A

Bacillus Calmette Guerin

Prevent TB meningitis

118
Q

Nursing Interventions for BCG

A

Use sterile water when cleaning site

KOCHS PHENOMENON
Abscess -> apply INH powder
Deep Abscess -> incision and drainage + INH powder

Scar formation = good
No Scar formation = REPEAT

119
Q

True or False: Hepatitis B Vaccine uses recombinant RNA

A

True

120
Q

Nursing interventions for Pentavalent Vaccine

A

Fever -> paracetamol every 6hrs for 24hrs

Local Tenderness -> cold compress

121
Q

True or False: OPV is given below the tongue

A

False (on the tongue)

122
Q

Nursing interventions for OPV

A

Live antinuated

If spits -> REPEAT

If vomits

  • within 30 min -> give again
  • after 30 min -> DO NOT give
123
Q

Nursing interventions for MMR

A

NOT GIVEN TO PREGNANT WOMEN

Fever -> paracetamol every 6hrs for 24hrs
Rashes -> KEEP DRY

124
Q

Malnutrition

A

Problem with nutrition

125
Q

Types of Nutrients

A

Macronutrients

Micronutrients

126
Q

Macronutrients

A

Nutrients that should be taken in large amount (carbohydrates and protein)

127
Q

Types of Macronutrient deficiency

A

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

128
Q

Marasmus

A

Decrease in carbohydrate and protein intake

Skinny, skin and bones, prominent ribs, wrinkled skin and apathy

129
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Enough carbohydrate intake but decreased protein intake

Thin extremities, edema, moon face, ascites and thin brittle hair

130
Q

How is severe malnutrition assessed?

A

Using the MUAC (Mid Upper Arm Circumference)

131
Q

Interpretation of MUAC

A

< 115 mm = RED (severe acute malnutrition)
Between 115 -125 mm = YELLOW (moderate acute malnutrition)
> 115 mm = NO acute malnutrition

132
Q

Possible management for Malnutrition

A

RUTF (Ready to Eat Therapeutic Food)

133
Q

Micronutrient

A

Nutrients that the body needs in small amount

SHOULD BE WATCHED OUT W/ 5yrs old

134
Q

When is Araw nang Sangkap held

A

2x/yr (April and November)

135
Q

Normal Dose of Retinol for 6-11 months

A

100,000 IU

136
Q

Normal Dose of Retinol for 12-60 months

A

200,000 IU

137
Q

Vitamin A deficiency symptoms

A

Corneal Dryness
Xerophthalmia (dryness)
Bitot’s Spot
Night Blindness

138
Q

Non Communicable Diseases

A

Lifestyle related diseases

Behavioral

139
Q

Risk factors for Non Communicable Diseases

A

Physical Inactivity
Unhealthy diet
Smoking

140
Q

Disasters

A

Disruption in society

141
Q

Types of Disaster

A

Natural: Act of God

Man-Made: human generated

142
Q

Types of Disasters (Onset)

A

Acute: within days or weeks

Chronic/Creeping: within months or years

143
Q

Principle of Disasters

A

Responsibility of ALL
Provide disaster drills
People are first priority and resources are second

144
Q

R.A. 10121

A

NDRRMC (National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council)

National Gov provides 2% of the budget to this council while LGU provides 5%

145
Q

PD 856

A

Sanitation Code

146
Q

PD 825

A

Garbage Disposal Act

147
Q

4 Rights of Food Safety

A 
Right Source (safety)
Right Preparation (wash)
Right Cooking (40 degrees Celsius)
Right Storage (Cool: 10 degrees Celsius and Warm: 60 degrees Celsius)
148
Q

How long is it safe to keep food at room temperature

A

2 hours

149
Q

Who requires a Sanitary Permit in a restaurant

A

Owner of food establishment

150
Q

Who are is required to have a health certificate in a restaurant

A

Food handlers

151
Q

Class Rating of Food Sanitation

A

Class A: Excellent
Class B: Very Satisfactory
Class C: Satisfactory

152
Q

Levels of Water Facility

A 
Level 1 (Point Source)
Level 2 (Communal Faucet/ Stand Posts)
Level 3 (Individual Household Connection)
153
Q

What are differences between Levels 1, 2, 3 of water facilities?

A

Level 1 (Point source): protected well, developed spring and should not be greater than 250m away from the source

Level 2 (Communal Faucet/Stand Posts): Shared (1:4-5 households)

Level 3 (Ind Household Connection): waterworks system

154
Q

Levels of Toilet Facility

A

Level 1 (Non-Water Carriage): pit latrines [25m away from the house and small amount of water toilet facility]

Level 2: Water seal/flushed type (septic tank)

Level 3: LVL2 + Sewage system (treatment plant)

PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) (8 decks)

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