Community Health Nursing Flashcards
1
Q
True or False: The patient is healthy in CHN
A
True
2
Q
Primary Responsibility of CHN
A
Health Education
Health Teaching
3
Q
What is the focus on Health Education and Teaching in CHN
A
Health Promotion
Illness Prevention
4
Q
Health Promotion
A
Increases lvl of Health
Promote Healthy Lifestyle (DERS)
5
Q
Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle
A
Diet
Exercise
Rest
Stop/ Avoid Smoking
6
Q
Formula for BMI
A
Wt (kg) / H (m)^2
7
Q
Normal BMI
A
18-23
8
Q
BMI of an Obese Client
A
> 30
9
Q
Top 3 Chemicals of Cigarette’s
A
Nicotine (addictive)
Carbon Monoxide (interfere oxygenation)
Tar (paralyze cilia)
10
Q
Ways to Stop Smoking
A
Educate (ask, advice, assist and arrange)
Legislation
11
Q
Law to stop or prevent smoking
A
Tobacco RA 9211
12
Q
Tobacco RA 9211
A
Smoking law that Prohibits…
Public places
Advertise
Sell within 100m away from schools
13
Q
Illness Prevention
A
Maintain Health
Use Specific Protection
14
Q
R.A. 7305
A
Magna Carta PHW
15
Q
Salary Grade 15
A
35k/month
16
Q
Department of Health (DOH)
A
National authority of health
17
Q
Vision of DOH
A
Filipinos are the healthiest in Southeast Asia by 2022
Filipinos are healthiest in Asia by 2040
18
Q
Mission of DOH
A
Lead the country in the development of PREP health
- Productive
- Resilient
- Equitable
- People Centered
19
Q
Executive Order 102
A
3 Main Function of DOH (LEA)
20
Q
3 Main Functions of DOH
A
Leadership (set policies)
Enabler and Capacity Builder (new strategies and trainings)
Administrative Function (handles the tertiary facilities)
21
Q
What facility does DOH handle
A
Tertiary Facilities
22
Q
What are the Philippine Health Care Delivery System
A
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
23
Q
Primary Facilities
A
Basic Health Care Service
24
Q
What facilities are in the Primary
A
Barangay Health Station
RHU/HC
25
Secondary Facilities
Common labs, medication and surgeries
26
What facilities are in the Secondary
District Hospital/ Emergency Hospital
| Provincial Hospital
27
Tertiary Facilities
Advanced Health Care Facility
28
What facilities are in the Tertiary
Regional Hospital/Medical Center
| National Hospital/National Medical Center/Specialty Hospital
29
Who are in the Barangay Health Station
Midwife and BHW
30
Who are in the RHU/HC
Complete Health Care Team
31
R.A. 7160
Local Government Code of 1991
(Decentralization and Devolution of whole government)
Transfer of power and implementation of Local Government Unit
32
Local Government Unit
Provincial Government
| Municipal/City Government
33
Provincial Government
Manages secondary facilities
Chairperson: Governor
Vice Chairperson: Provincial Health Officer
34
Municipal/ City Government
Manages primary facilities
Chairperson: Mayor
Vice Chairperson: Municipal/City Health Officer
35
4 Clients of CHN
Individual
Family
Group/Aggregation
Community
36
Basic Unit of care in CHN
Family
37
People who share similar characteristics
Group/Aggregate
38
Primary client in CHN
Community
39
What lead to Alma Ata Conference
LOI 949 (Letter of Instruction)
40
LOI 949
(Letter of Instruction)
Legal basis of PHC
Implemented on October 1979 (President Marcos)
41
PHC
Primary Health Care
42
Vision of LOC 949
Health in the hands of the people (SELF RELIANCE)
43
Mission of LOC 949
Increase opportunity that people will manage their own health
44
Principles of PHC
Partnership with the people
| Empowerment (transfer skills, knowledge and attitude)
45
Pillars of PHC
Active community participation
Intra and Inter sectoral linkages
Use of Appropriate Tech
Support mechanism made available
46
Intra
Within health care facilities
47
Inter
Outside Philippine health care delivery system
48
Characteristics of PHC
```
Community based
Accessible (within 3-5km/30 min)
Sustainable
Affordable
Self-reliance
Available
```
49
Elements of PHC
```
Educational
Locally Endemic Diseases
Essential Drugs
MCH (Mother Child Care)
EPI (Expanded Program for Immunity)
Nutrition
Treatment of Communicable Diseases, Non-Communicable Diseases and Emergency Services
Sanitation
```
50
What are the 3 lvls of prevention in Education (Element of PHC)
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
51
Who and What is the activity for Primary Clients in Education
Who: Healthy
Activity: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
52
Who and What is the activity for Secondary Clients in Education
Who: High Risk
Activity:
- Early detection and screening
- Early treatment (previous complication)
53
Who and What is the activity for Tertiary Clients in Education
Who: Post treatment
Activity:
- Rehab
- Palliative (supportive)
54
Epidemiology
Study of occurrence and distribution of diseases
55
Father of epidemiology
John Snow
56
1st Epidemiology
Hippocrates
57
Classification of Diseases
1. Sporadic
2. Endemic
3. Epidemic/Outbreak
4. Pandemic
58
Sporadic
Occasionally (few cases)
59
Endemic
Always present
| Immune = susceptible
60
Epidemic/Outbreak
Sudden increase of cases in a short period of time
| Increase susceptible, decreased immunity
61
Pandemic
World wide epidemic (several countries are affected)
62
Types of Epidemic
1. Point Source Epidemic
2. Propagated Epidemic
3. Cyclical Epidemic/ Seasonal Epidemic
4. Secular Variation
63
Point Source Epidemic
Came from single event
| Simultaneous Exposure
64
What type of epidemic is food poisoning
Point Source Epidemic
65
Propagated Epidemic
Transmission from person to person
66
True or False: Flu and Covid-19 virus is a propagated epidemic
True
67
Cyclical Epidemic (Seasonal Epidemic)
Seasonal health problems (lepto, dengue, heat stroke, rashes)
68
Secular Variation
change in diseases through time
69
What is the leading cause of death in the Philippines
Diseases in the heart
70
What is the second leading cause of death in the Philippines
Diseases in the blood vessels
71
Triple Burden Disease
Communicable Diseases
Non-Communicable Diseases
Diseases of Rapid Urbanization and Industrialization
72
R.A. 11223
Universal Health Care Law
All Filipinos are automatically enrolled on Phil Health Care
73
R.A. 8423
Traditional Alternative Medicine Act
74
Institute that tests and approves herbal medications in the Philippines
RITM (Research Institute of Topical Medications)
75
10 Approved Herbal Medications by RITM
LUBBY SANTA
```
Lagundi
Ulasimang Bato (Pansit-Pansitan)
Bayabas
Bawang
Yerba Buena (Peppermint)
```
```
Sambong
Akapulco
Niyog-Niyogan
Tsaang Gubat
Ampalaya
```
76
Lagundi
MOST USED
| cephalocaudal use
77
Where is ASCOF used
Asthma
Cough
Fever
78
Ulasimang Bato (Pansit-Pansitan)
contraindicated w/ kidney stones
| for URIC ACID (GOUT)
79
Bayabas
```
Antiseptic properties
FOR WASH (mouthwash, wash wounds, diarrhea)
```
80
Bawang
Decrease cholesterol (HPN)
For toothache
"bawas dugo, bawas ngipin"
81
Yerba Buena (Peppermint)
```
methol
For pain (headache, stomachache, muscle and bone pain)
```
82
Sambong
For edema
Diuretic
For Kidney Stones
CONTRAINDICATED for Kidney Infections
83
Akapulco
Fungi Infection
| "Tinea" = fungal
84
Niyog-Niyogan
For parasitism
USE SEEDS!!!!
drink 2hrs after supper
85
Tsaang Gubat
for diarrhea, indigestion, constipation
86
Ampalaya
For type 2 diabetes (stimulate pancreas to release insulin)
87
Decoction
Boiling of herbal meds
88
Important points with Decoction
Fresh Leaves
Boil water first before adding leaves
Do not cover
Low Heat
89
Goal of Maternal Child Health
Decrease Maternal Mortality Rate
90
Strategies to achieve the Goal of Maternal Child Health
- 4 Prenatal Visits [Sentong Sigla Program by DOH] (8 Visits from WHO)
- Basic Emergency Obstetric Care (BEmoc)
- Comprehensive Obstetrics Care (CEmoc)
- EINC (Essential Intrapartal Newborn Care)
91
Basic Emergency Obstetric Care (BEmoc)
- All pregnant women are assumed to be High-Risk patients
- Common problems in pregnancy are addressed
- Capacity building is provided (trainings) [Oxytocin, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, steroids, assisted delivery, manual removal of placental/retained products of conception ]
92
Comprehensive Obstetrics Care (CEmoc)
Can perform blood transfusion and Cesarian Section
93
EINC (Essential Intrapartal Newborn Care)
Evidence based practice
| UNANG YAKAP
94
Time Bound Unang Yakap interventions
Dry infant (within 30 sec)
Early skin to skin contact
Delayed cord clamping (wait for pulsation [1-3 min])
Breast Feeding
95
Non-Time Bound Unang Yakap Interventions
```
Erythropoietin
Vit k
BCG
Hepa B
Anthropometric Measurement
APGAR score
Wash after 6hrs
```
96
REMOVED Newborn Care interventions on UNANG YAKAP
```
Suctioning
Immediate cord clamping
Milking cord
Clapping buttocks
Stimulate heel
Wash immediately
Cover stump
Use of Antiseptic
```
97
PD 996
EPI (Expanded Program on Immunity) Law [1976]
All children below 8 yrs old can be vaccinated for FREE
98
R.A. 10152
Mandatory Immunization [2011]
All children below 5 yrs old can be vaccinated for FREE
99
Pentavalent vaccine contains…
DPT (Diptheria, Pertusis, Tetanus)
Hepatitis B
Hib
100
IPV
Inactivated Polio Vaccine
101
PCV
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
102
MMR
Measles, Mumps Rubella
103
Rota Vaccine
Prevent rota virus
104
5 Elements of EPI
Surveillance
Information, Educate and Communication (National Immuno Day [every Wednesday])
Cold Chain and Logistic Management (proper storage and transport)
Assessment and Evaluation
Target Setting (PRIMARY ELEMENT)
105
Formula to determine Eligible Population
Infant = Total Population x 2.7%
| Pregnant Women = Total Population x 3.5%
106
Vaccines that are most sensitive to heat
Varicella
OPV
MMR
107
Best temperature of freezer for heat sensitive vaccines
-15 to -25 degrees Celsius
108
Vaccines that are least sensitive to heat
```
BCG
Pentavalent
IPU
Hepa B
Rota V
PCV
T.T./Td (Tetanus diphtheria)
```
109
Best temperature of refrigerator for less sensitive to heat vaccines
2 to 8 degrees Celsius
110
Vaccine Schedule
111
What should be given first, ROTA vaccine or OPV
ROTA vaccine (higher dose)
112
True or False: Injections should be given before oral medications
False
113
Best site of IM for infants
Vastus Lateralis
114
Best site for SQ for infants
Outer arm
115
ADS
Auto disable syringe
116
True or False: BCG is a live attenuated vaccine
True
117
BCG
Bacillus Calmette Guerin
Prevent TB meningitis
118
Nursing Interventions for BCG
Use sterile water when cleaning site
KOCHS PHENOMENON
Abscess -> apply INH powder
Deep Abscess -> incision and drainage + INH powder
Scar formation = good
No Scar formation = REPEAT
119
True or False: Hepatitis B Vaccine uses recombinant RNA
True
120
Nursing interventions for Pentavalent Vaccine
Fever -> paracetamol every 6hrs for 24hrs
| Local Tenderness -> cold compress
121
True or False: OPV is given below the tongue
False (on the tongue)
122
Nursing interventions for OPV
Live antinuated
If spits -> REPEAT
If vomits
- within 30 min -> give again
- after 30 min -> DO NOT give
123
Nursing interventions for MMR
NOT GIVEN TO PREGNANT WOMEN
Fever -> paracetamol every 6hrs for 24hrs
Rashes -> KEEP DRY
124
Malnutrition
Problem with nutrition
125
Types of Nutrients
Macronutrients
| Micronutrients
126
Macronutrients
Nutrients that should be taken in large amount (carbohydrates and protein)
127
Types of Macronutrient deficiency
Marasmus
| Kwashiorkor
128
Marasmus
Decrease in carbohydrate and protein intake
| Skinny, skin and bones, prominent ribs, wrinkled skin and apathy
129
Kwashiorkor
Enough carbohydrate intake but decreased protein intake
| Thin extremities, edema, moon face, ascites and thin brittle hair
130
How is severe malnutrition assessed?
Using the MUAC (Mid Upper Arm Circumference)
131
Interpretation of MUAC
< 115 mm = RED (severe acute malnutrition)
Between 115 -125 mm = YELLOW (moderate acute malnutrition)
> 115 mm = NO acute malnutrition
132
Possible management for Malnutrition
RUTF (Ready to Eat Therapeutic Food)
133
Micronutrient
Nutrients that the body needs in small amount
| SHOULD BE WATCHED OUT W/ 5yrs old
134
When is Araw nang Sangkap held
2x/yr (April and November)
135
Normal Dose of Retinol for 6-11 months
100,000 IU
136
Normal Dose of Retinol for 12-60 months
200,000 IU
137
Vitamin A deficiency symptoms
Corneal Dryness
Xerophthalmia (dryness)
Bitot’s Spot
Night Blindness
138
Non Communicable Diseases
Lifestyle related diseases
| Behavioral
139
Risk factors for Non Communicable Diseases
Physical Inactivity
Unhealthy diet
Smoking
140
Disasters
Disruption in society
141
Types of Disaster
Natural: Act of God
| Man-Made: human generated
142
Types of Disasters (Onset)
Acute: within days or weeks
| Chronic/Creeping: within months or years
143
Principle of Disasters
Responsibility of ALL
Provide disaster drills
People are first priority and resources are second
144
R.A. 10121
NDRRMC (National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council)
National Gov provides 2% of the budget to this council while LGU provides 5%
145
PD 856
Sanitation Code
146
PD 825
Garbage Disposal Act
147
4 Rights of Food Safety
```
Right Source (safety)
Right Preparation (wash)
Right Cooking (40 degrees Celsius)
Right Storage (Cool: 10 degrees Celsius and Warm: 60 degrees Celsius)
```
148
How long is it safe to keep food at room temperature
2 hours
149
Who requires a Sanitary Permit in a restaurant
Owner of food establishment
150
Who are is required to have a health certificate in a restaurant
Food handlers
151
Class Rating of Food Sanitation
Class A: Excellent
Class B: Very Satisfactory
Class C: Satisfactory
152
Levels of Water Facility
```
Level 1 (Point Source)
Level 2 (Communal Faucet/ Stand Posts)
Level 3 (Individual Household Connection)
```
153
What are differences between Levels 1, 2, 3 of water facilities?
Level 1 (Point source): protected well, developed spring and should not be greater than 250m away from the source
Level 2 (Communal Faucet/Stand Posts): Shared (1:4-5 households)
Level 3 (Ind Household Connection): waterworks system
154
Levels of Toilet Facility
Level 1 (Non-Water Carriage): pit latrines [25m away from the house and small amount of water toilet facility]
Level 2: Water seal/flushed type (septic tank)
Level 3: LVL2 + Sewage system (treatment plant)
