Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Difference between infectious and contagious disease
Infectious disease needs prolonged exposure/contact to be transmitted while contagious can be easily transmitted to one person to another
Infectious disease
Prolonged exposure/contact to be transmitted and needs a break in the skin before entering the body
Contagious disease
easily transmitted disease via airborne or droplet
CHAIN OF INFECTION MNEMONIC
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Susceptible Host
Agent
Reservoir (home of agent)
Exit
Mode of Transmission
Entry
What is the weakest link in the chain of infection
Mode of transmission (can be broken with the use of proper handwashing and use of PPE)
Common PPE’s
Face mask, gloves, goggles, face shield
Different Modes of Transmission
Direct
Droplet
Indirect
Airborne
Vector
Vehicle
Another name for Pertussis
Whooping Cough
Incubation Period of Pertussis
7-14 days
Causative Agent of Pertussis
Bordetella Pertussis
Mode of Transmission of Pertussis
Droplet and Direct Contact
Stages of Pertussis
Catarrhal Stage
Paroxysmal Stage
Convalescent Stage
What is the stage where Pertussis is most contagious
First Stage or Catarrhal Stage
S/Sx of the 1st Stage of Pertussis
Catarrhal Stage
Increased communicability
Flu-like symptoms (cough, colds and malaise)
S/Sx of the 2nd Stage of Pertussis
Paroxysmal Stage
Paroxysms of cough
Pathognomonic of Pertussis
Paroxysms of cough/Whooping Cough
S/Sx of the 3rd Stage of Pertussis
Convalescent Stage
recovery and healing
Medical Management for Pertussis
Oxygen therapy Fluid and Electrolyte replacement Erythromycin and Ampicillin Bed Rest Gammaglobulins
Antibiotics for Pertussis
Erythromycin and Ampicillin
Diagnostic Tests for Pertussis
Swab Tests
Throat Culture
Difference between isolation and reverse isolation
isolation = people are not advised to be close to the patient (communicable diseases)
reversed isolation = patients are separated by people (immunocompromised)
Nursing Management for Pertussis
Isolation Medical Asepsis Suction Machine Sunshine and Fresh Air Warm baths (bronchodilation)
Causative agent of Diphteria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Incubation Period of Diphtheria
1-5 days
Mode of Transmission of Diphteria
Direct Contact and Soiled Articles (fomites)
Types of Diphtheria
Nasal
Nasopharyngeal
Cutaneous Diphtheria
Nasal Diphtheria
white membrane on nasal septum
Nasopharyngeal Diphtheria
BULL’S NECK
Most dangerous type of Diphtheria
Nasopharyngeal (can cause obstruction on airway)
Cutaneous Diphtheria
Yellow spots on skin
Pathognomonic of Diphtheria
Pseudomembranes
Another word for Hallmark Sign
Pathognomonic
Diagnostic Tests for Diphtheria
Throat Culture
Swab Test
Medical Management for Diphtheria
Penicillin Diphtheria antitoxins Ice collar for bull's neck Oxygen inhalation Bed Rest Tracheostomy Set on BST
Antibiotic for Diphtheria
Penicillin
Other names for Measles
Rubeola
Morbilli
Causative Agent of Measles
Rebeola Virus
Mode of Transmission for Measles
Airborne and Droplet
Incubation Period of Measles
2 weeks
Pathognomonic of Measles
Koplik’s Spots
Koplik’s Spot
inflammatory lesion in the inner cheeks or buccal mucosa
Stages of Measles
Pre-Eruptive
Eruptive
Convalescence
S/Sx of the 1st Stage of Measles
Pre-Eruptive Stage
Catarrhal symptoms (3 C’s of measles)
Cough
Colds/Coryza
Conjunctivitis (sore eyes) -> can cause photosensitivity
Management for photo sensitivity or photophobia
Dark colored glasses
Large brimmed hats/ sunvisors
S/Sx of the 2nd Stage of Measles
Eruptive Stage
Maculopapular rash and intermittent fever
S/Sx of the 3rd Stage of Measles
Convalescent Stage
subsides
Medical Management for Measles
Anti-viral = Isoprenosine
Antibiotics (Penicillin) for complications
Oxygen therapy
IV fluids (PNSS)
What antiviral is used with Measles
Isoprenosine
When is antibiotics used in Measles
when there are complications (pus in the eyes)
Nursing Management for Measles
Isolation Quiet Room Dim Light (for photosensitivity) TSB Bed bath (relieve rashes) Increase OFI MMR and Anti-Measles Vaccine
Vaccine for Measles
MMR
Anti-Measles Vaccine
Epidemiology
disease condition process in certain georgraphical area
Types of Epidemiology
Sporadic
Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Sporadic
rare or uncommon conditions
Endemic
common and constant in the community conditions
Epidemic
Sudden outbreak or inflammation of cases in a short period of time
(MORE THAN 50% OF THE PREVIOUS CASE )
Pandemic
Worldwide (many countries are affected)
Incubation Period
number of days between when you’re infected with something and when you might see symptoms (MAS NAKAKAHAWA NA STAGE)