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PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between infectious and contagious disease

A

Infectious disease needs prolonged exposure/contact to be transmitted while contagious can be easily transmitted to one person to another

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2
Q

Infectious disease

A

Prolonged exposure/contact to be transmitted and needs a break in the skin before entering the body

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3
Q

Contagious disease

A

easily transmitted disease via airborne or droplet

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4
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION MNEMONIC

A

SHARE ME

Susceptible Host

Agent
Reservoir (home of agent)
Exit

Mode of Transmission
Entry

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5
Q

What is the weakest link in the chain of infection

A

Mode of transmission (can be broken with the use of proper handwashing and use of PPE)

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6
Q

Common PPE’s

A

Face mask, gloves, goggles, face shield

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7
Q

Different Modes of Transmission

A

Direct
Droplet

Indirect
Airborne
Vector
Vehicle

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8
Q

Another name for Pertussis

A

Whooping Cough

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9
Q

Incubation Period of Pertussis

A

7-14 days

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10
Q

Causative Agent of Pertussis

A

Bordetella Pertussis

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11
Q

Mode of Transmission of Pertussis

A

Droplet and Direct Contact

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12
Q

Stages of Pertussis

A

Catarrhal Stage
Paroxysmal Stage
Convalescent Stage

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13
Q

What is the stage where Pertussis is most contagious

A

First Stage or Catarrhal Stage

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14
Q

S/Sx of the 1st Stage of Pertussis

A

Catarrhal Stage

Increased communicability
Flu-like symptoms (cough, colds and malaise)

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15
Q

S/Sx of the 2nd Stage of Pertussis

A

Paroxysmal Stage

Paroxysms of cough

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16
Q

Pathognomonic of Pertussis

A

Paroxysms of cough/Whooping Cough

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17
Q

S/Sx of the 3rd Stage of Pertussis

A

Convalescent Stage

recovery and healing

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18
Q

Medical Management for Pertussis

A 
Oxygen therapy
Fluid and Electrolyte replacement
Erythromycin and Ampicillin 
Bed Rest
Gammaglobulins
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19
Q

Antibiotics for Pertussis

A

Erythromycin and Ampicillin

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20
Q

Diagnostic Tests for Pertussis

A

Swab Tests

Throat Culture

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21
Q

Difference between isolation and reverse isolation

A

isolation = people are not advised to be close to the patient (communicable diseases)
reversed isolation = patients are separated by people (immunocompromised)

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22
Q

Nursing Management for Pertussis

A 
Isolation
Medical Asepsis 
Suction Machine
Sunshine and Fresh Air
Warm baths (bronchodilation)
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23
Q

Causative agent of Diphteria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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24
Q

Incubation Period of Diphtheria

A

1-5 days

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25
Mode of Transmission of Diphteria
Direct Contact and Soiled Articles (fomites)
26
Types of Diphtheria
Nasal Nasopharyngeal Cutaneous Diphtheria
27
Nasal Diphtheria
white membrane on nasal septum
28
Nasopharyngeal Diphtheria
BULL'S NECK
29
Most dangerous type of Diphtheria
Nasopharyngeal (can cause obstruction on airway)
30
Cutaneous Diphtheria
Yellow spots on skin
31
Pathognomonic of Diphtheria
Pseudomembranes
32
Another word for Hallmark Sign
Pathognomonic
33
Diagnostic Tests for Diphtheria
Throat Culture | Swab Test
34
Medical Management for Diphtheria
``` Penicillin Diphtheria antitoxins Ice collar for bull's neck Oxygen inhalation Bed Rest Tracheostomy Set on BST ```
35
Antibiotic for Diphtheria
Penicillin
36
Other names for Measles
Rubeola | Morbilli
37
Causative Agent of Measles
Rebeola Virus
38
Mode of Transmission for Measles
Airborne and Droplet
39
Incubation Period of Measles
2 weeks
40
Pathognomonic of Measles
Koplik's Spots
41
Koplik's Spot
inflammatory lesion in the inner cheeks or buccal mucosa
42
Stages of Measles
Pre-Eruptive Eruptive Convalescence
43
S/Sx of the 1st Stage of Measles
Pre-Eruptive Stage Catarrhal symptoms (3 C's of measles) Cough Colds/Coryza Conjunctivitis (sore eyes) -> can cause photosensitivity
44
Management for photo sensitivity or photophobia
Dark colored glasses | Large brimmed hats/ sunvisors
45
S/Sx of the 2nd Stage of Measles
Eruptive Stage Maculopapular rash and intermittent fever
46
S/Sx of the 3rd Stage of Measles
Convalescent Stage subsides
47
Medical Management for Measles
Anti-viral = Isoprenosine Antibiotics (Penicillin) for complications Oxygen therapy IV fluids (PNSS)
48
What antiviral is used with Measles
Isoprenosine
49
When is antibiotics used in Measles
when there are complications (pus in the eyes)
50
Nursing Management for Measles
``` Isolation Quiet Room Dim Light (for photosensitivity) TSB Bed bath (relieve rashes) Increase OFI MMR and Anti-Measles Vaccine ```
51
Vaccine for Measles
MMR | Anti-Measles Vaccine
52
Epidemiology
disease condition process in certain georgraphical area
53
Types of Epidemiology
Sporadic Endemic Epidemic Pandemic
54
Sporadic
rare or uncommon conditions
55
Endemic
common and constant in the community conditions
56
Epidemic
Sudden outbreak or inflammation of cases in a short period of time (MORE THAN 50% OF THE PREVIOUS CASE )
57
Pandemic
Worldwide (many countries are affected)
58
Incubation Period
number of days between when you're infected with something and when you might see symptoms (MAS NAKAKAHAWA NA STAGE)
59
Other names for German Measles
Rubella | 3-day Measles
60
Causative Agent for German Measles
Rubella Virus
61
Incubation period of German Measles
14-21 wks
62
True or False: You can still acquire German Measles or Measles after being infected before
False
63
Mode of Transmission for German Measles
Airborne Droplet Transplacental
64
What happens when a mother is infected with German Measles on her 1st Trimester
Congenital Heart Defects on the baby
65
Pathognomonic of German Measles
Forscheimer's Spots
66
Forscheimer's Spots
Pinkish spots on the soft palate (can cause dysphagia)
67
Stage of German Measles
Prodromal Eruptive Convolescent
68
S/Sx of the 1st Stage of German Measles
Prodromal Stage low-grade fever, mild coryza, lymphadenopathy FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS
69
S/Sx of the 2nd Stage of German Measles
Eruptive Stage ``` Forscheimer's Testicular pain (young adults) Polyarthralgia (multi joint pain) ```
70
S/Sx of the 3rd Stage of German Measles
Convalescent Stage recovery
71
Medical Management for German Measles
Symptomatic
72
Nursing Management for German Measles
``` Isolation Dim Light Mild liquid but nourishing diet Good ventilation MMR Immune serum globulin ```
73
Another term for Chickenpox
Viracella
74
Causative Agent of Chickenpox
Herpesvirus varicellae
75
Incubation period of Chickenpox
14-21 days
76
Mode of Transmission of Chickenpox
direct and fomites
77
Manifestations of Chickenpox
Rash Macule -> papule -> vesicle (fluid filled) -> pustule (pus filled) -> crust Celestial map (scabs/crust)
78
Where does the rashes of Chickenpox usually start?
unexposed part - trunk (CENTRIPETAL)
79
Medical Management of Chickenpox
``` Zoverax and Acyclovir Antihistamines Calamine Lotion NO to salicylates (aspirin) Antipyretics ```
80
What anti-viral drugs are given to patients with Chickenpox?
Zoverax and Acyclovir
81
What are interventions to alleviate itching on Chickenpox?
Antihistamines and Calamine lotion
82
Why is salicylates (aspirin) contraindicated with patients who have Chickenpox/flu?
it can cause REYES SYNDROME (severe ammonia elevation that can cause coma)
83
4 A's of Aspirin
Antipyretic Antiplatelet Analgesic Anti inflammatory
84
Nursing Management for Chickenpox
Respiratory isolation until vesicles have crusted! Disinfect linens under sunlight/boiling Cut fingernails Use mittens on children
85
True or False: Chickenpox are communicable until the last lesion has crusted
True
86
Another term for Filariasis
Elephantiasis
87
Causative Agent of Filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
88
Mode of Transmission of Filariasis
Mosquito bite
89
True or False: You can be infected with Filariasis with just one mosquito bite
False (multiple bites are needed)
90
What is the vector for Filariasis?
Mosquito (Aedes Poecilus)
91
S/Sx of Filariasis
Elephantiasis Headache Chills and Fever Dolor, Tumor, Rubor in arms, legs and scrotum
92
What is elephantiasis?
elarged body part
93
Diagnostic test for Filariasis
Circulating Filarial Antigen (finger prick blood droplet)
94
Medical management for Filariasis
Hetrazan Surgery for scrotal enlargement DECREASED fortified salt
95
Why is fortified salt consumption decreased on patients with Filariasis?
it can cause water retention
96
Nursing management for Filariasis
Sleep under a mosquito net (infused with permethrin chemical) Use mosquito repellant (especially during dusk and dawn)
97
DOH Cleaning Program
CLEANZ ``` Chemically treated mosquito net Larvae eating fish Environmental Sanitation Anti-mosquito repellant Neem tree Zooprophylaxis (use of animals) ```
98
What blood type attracts mosquitos the most?
Type O
99
Other terms for Dengue Fever
Breakbone fever Dandy fever Infectious thrombocytopenic purpura
100
Stages/Types of Dengue
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever | Dengue Shock Syndrome
101
What is dengue hemorrhagic fever?
Type of dengue that is characterized by bleeding that can cause hypovolemic shock
102
What is dengue shock syndrome?
Type of dengue that is the most lethal form, characterized by profound shock (rapid deterioration)
103
Causative agent of Dengue
Flaviviruses/Arboviruses
104
Mode of Transmission for Dengue
mosquito bite
105
True or False: You can be infected with dengue with just one infected mosquito bite
True
106
Vector of Dengue
Mosquito (Aedes Aegypti) [HOUSE MOSQUITO]
107
Incubation period of Dengue
2wks
108
Diagnostic tests for Dengue
Rumpel Leeds Test/Tourniquet Test Platelet Count Dengue Spot Test Dengue Ns1 (Rapid Test)
109
What is the confirmatory test to diagnose Dengue?
Platelet count
110
Criteria for Rumpel Leeds Test/Tourniquet Test
6 months or older Fever greater than 3 days No signs of dengue hemorrhagic fever
111
True or False: Rumpel Leeds Test/Tourniquet test is a confirmatory test for Dengue
False (presumptive screening test)
112
How to perform Rumpel Leeds Test/Tourniquet Test
Pressure midway diastolic and systolic (maintain for 5 min)
113
Positive sign for Rumpel Leeds Test/Tourniquet Test
10 petechiae or more per square inch
114
What is detected on the dengue spot test?
detects IgM and IgG antibodies to dengue
115
What does dengue Ns1 (rapid test) do?
routine test to check antigen
116
S/Sx of dengue fever
``` Sudden onset of fever (39-40 degrees C) Chills Frontal Headache Ocular Pain Myalgia (muscle pain) Backache Arthralgia (painful joints) Nausea and vomiting Rashes Abdominal Pain (hepatic involvement) ```
117
S/Sx of dengue hemorrhagic fever
``` Usually manifested by people who have been infected with dengue 2 times or more Hemorrhagic S/Sx: - epistaxis - gum bleeding - ecchymosis - hematemesis - hematochezia/melena ``` Herman's Sign: skin appears purple Hepatomegaly Hypovolemic shock
118
What is the pathognomonic of dengue hemorrhagic fever?
Herman's Sign
119
Complication of Dengue
Dengue encephalopathy that can lead to COMA
120
Management for Dengue
Analgesics (except for aspirin) Blood transfusion Oxygen therapy (cerebral oxygenation) Sedatives (for anxiety and apprehension)
121
Nursing Management for Dengue
``` Recognize critical period (defervescence: fever subsides) [24-48 hrs] Place on mosquito free environment Increase body resistance Monitor VS (especially BP) Prevent and control bleeding Soft/Bland diet EXCEPT FOR DARK COLORED FOOD ```
122
What does tawa tawa do for dengue patients
promote cell production and promote platelet production
123
WHO Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Grading Scale
Grade 1: NO SHOCK; (+) Tourniquet Test [butlig, lagnat] Grade 2: NO SHOCK; Spontaneous bleeding; (+) Tourniquet Test [dudugo] Grade 3: SHOCK [decreased BP] Grade 4: Profound shock; unmeasurable BP [no BP]
124
Other terms for Schistosomiasis
Bilharziasis | Snail Fever
125
Causative agent of Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma japonicum (MOST COMMON IN THE PHIL)
126
Mode of Transmission of Schistosomiasis
ingestion of infected water and through skin pores
127
Vector of Schistosomiasis
Oncomelania quadrasi (SNAIL)
128
Incubation period of Schistosomiasis
14-84 days/ >82 days
129
S/Sx of Schistosomiasis
Swimmer's Itch Bloody mucoid stool Icteric (damage in the liver) Jaundice
130
Complication of Schistosomiasis
Liver cirrhosis
131
Diagnostic test for Schistosomiasis
Cercum Ova Precipetin Test (CONFIRMATORY) | - checks if there are eggs/C.A. present
132
Medical Management for Schistosomiasis
Praziquantel (ANTIPARASITE) for 6 months
133
Nursing Management for Schistosomiasis
Reduce Snail density a. Expose snails in sunlight b. Remove weeds c. Proper irrigation - proper waste disposal - prevent bathing on snail infested streams
134
The ability of microbe to survive out of the body/host
viability
135
Causative Agent of Leptospirosis
Leptospira Interogans
136
Mode of transmission of Leptospirosis
direct contact
137
Prophylaxis for Leptospirosis
Doxycycline
138
True or False: Patients who are recently infected with Leptospirosis can donate blood
False
139
When a patient is allergic, what other antibiotics can be given?
Erythromycin/Clindamycin
140
Causative agent of Poliomyelitis
Virus with serotypes of I, II, III (Brunhilde, Lansing, Leon)
141
What medication is contraindicated with patients with Poliomyelitis
Opiods (morphine) (decrease RR)
142
What are in the Family Nursing Care Plan?
APIE Assessment Planning Implementation Evaluation
143
What is the 1st lvl of assessment with FCP
Identifying the problem using the categories of health problem
144
What are the categories of health problems?
``` Wellness state (healthy) Health deficit (+ disease, disability) Health threat (increased risk for injuries and illness) Foreseeable Crisis/Stress Points (anticipated problems) ```
145
4 Criterias of Priority in planning
Nature of the problem (type of nursing prob) Modification of the problem (solution of prob) Preventive Potential (future recurrence) Salience (perception of client about problem)
146
Quality Assurance Elements of Evaluation
Structural Element: physical setting Outcome Element: changes resulting from N/I Process Element: steps of the nursing process

PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) (8 decks)

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