Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) > OB > Flashcards

OB Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the site of implantation in the female reproductive system

A

endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system

A

ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormones does the ovaries make

A

Progesterone

Estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormone of pregnancy

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Onset of manarche

A

9-17 yrs old (aver of 11-13 yrs old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interval of menses

A

23-35 days (aver of 28 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Duration of bleeding in menses

A

2-9 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal amount of blood in menses

A

30-80ml (1/3 cup)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Odor of menses

A

marigold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phases of Menstrual Cycle

A

1st Phase: Follicular, Proliperative Stage
2nd Phase: Luteal, Progestational Stage
3rd Phase: Ischemic Stage
4th Phase: Menstrual Bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland during the physiology of menses

A 
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does FSH do in the physiology of menses

A

Increase estrogen -> thicken endometrium

Increase Follicular Fluid -> rupture Graafian Follicle -> OVULATION (stop release of FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does LH do in the physiology of menses

A

Formation of corpus luteum -> progesterone -> maintain the thickness of the endometrium (for implantation of fertilized egg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What would happen if there is no fertilization of the egg

A

ovum will atrophy and corpus luteum will remain in 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would happen if there is fertilization of the egg

A

Pregnancy where the corpus luteum will remain for 16 wks where later on the placenta will take over the production of estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is the fertile period

A

3-4 days before and after period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When is the ovulation stage

A

Interval of Menses - 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S/Sx of of Ovulation

A

Increased body temperature (increase of 0.07-0.08 degrees C for 3 full days)
Mittelschmerz
(+) Spinbarkeit
(+) Ferning
Clear, Elastic, Thin, Slippery, and Egg White Colored Cervical Mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mittelsch\merz Sign

A

Unilateral lower abdominal discomfort (one sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Spinbarkeit Sign

A

elasticity of cervical mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ferning Sign

A

Palm leaf pattern under the microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stages of Fetal Development

A

Ovum: fertilization (24hrs after sex)
Zygote: Implementation (after 1 wk)
Embryo: Organogenesis (5th-8th week of pregnancy)
Fetus: 8th week to TERM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lecithin Sphingomyelin Ratio

A

Lung surfactant that matures at 36th week of gestation

2:1 for fetal lung maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Placenta

A

serves as the fetal lungs, kidneys and GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
True or False: There is direct sharing of blood flow between mother and fetus
False
26
Hormones released by placenta
Estrogen Progesterone Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG)
27
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG)
responsible for nausea and vomitting
28
When is the peak production of HCG
60-80th day (3rd month/end of the 1st trimester)
29
How many arteries and veins are in the umbilical cord?
2 arteries | 1 vein
30
What is larger in the umbilical cord, the vein or the artery?
Vein (because it provides oxygenated blood)
31
How long are the arteries and veins in the umbilical cord?
21 inches
32
What are the purposes of the amniotic fluid?
- protects the fetus from temperature and pressure changes - aids in muscular development - ensures adequate oxygenation for the fetus
33
What is the major component of amniotic fluid?
fetal urine
34
When does the fetus start producing fetal urine?
12-13 wks (developed kidneys)
35
When is the earliest time to perform amniocentesis?
12-14 wks
36
Normal amount of amniotic fluid
800-1200 ml
37
Amount of amniotic fluid in oligohydramnios
less than 800ml
38
What can be a cause of oligohydramnios
there is fetal renal problem/ renal agenesis
39
Amount of amniotic fluid in polyhydramnios
greater than 1200ml
40
What can be a cause of polyhydramnios
COMPLICATION OF GDM | or caused by GI problem/esophageal atresia
41
Gravity and Parity
Gravity: number of pregnancies regardless of the outcome of duration Parity: Number of deliveries that reach 20 wks gestation (age of viability) even if it is delivered dead or alive
42
3 Principles of Identifying Parity
- Multiple Pregnancy: twins are counted as one - Abortion: not included - Stillbirth: counted
43
GTPALM definition
``` Gravity Term Pre Term Abortion Living Multiple Pregnancy ```
44
When should you consider that the pregnancy is term?
37 weeks and above
45
When should you consider that the pregnancy is preterm?
36 weeks and below
46
When should you consider that the pregnancy is abortion?
less than 20 wks
47
True or False: You should consider twins as 1 in GTPALM
True
48
True or False: Term and Preterm counts the number of infants born
True
49
What is the method to determine the expected due date of a pregnancy
Naegele's Rule
50
The formula for Naegele's Rule for the last menstrual period from January to March
Month (+9); Day (+7); Year (blank)
51
The formula for Naegele's Rule for the last menstrual period from April to December
Month (-3); Day (+7); Year (blank)
52
What is the expected due date of a pregnant woman with a last menstrual period of Nov 20, 2021?
August 27, 2022
53
What is the expected due date of a pregnant woman with a last menstrual period of February 14, 2021?
November 21, 2021
54
What method uses the fundic height to determine the age of gestation of the pregnancy?
Bartholomew's Method
55
What is the gestation age if the fundus is in the xiphoid process?
36 wks
56
What is the gestation age if the fundus is in the umbilicus?
20 wks
57
What is the gestation age if the fundus is in the symphisis pubis?
12 wks
58
If the mother is in her 15 wks gestation but the fundus can be seen on the umbilicus, what can be the condition of the mother?
H. mole
59
If the mother is in her 35 wks gestation but the fundus can be seen above the umbilicus, what can be the condition of the mother?
SUA
60
What are the 3 main signs and symptoms of pregnancy?
Presumptive Probable Positive
61
What are the presumptive signs of pregnancy?
``` Highly Subjective signs! (PRESUME) Period absent Really tired Enlarged breasts Sore breasts Urination frequency Movement perceived (quickening) Emesis and nausea ``` *linea negra, striae gravidarum, melasma
62
When does quickening usually occur?
``` Primipara = 20wks Multipara = 16wks ```
63
What are the probable signs of pregnancy?
Highly Documented Signs! (PROBABLE) Positive pregnancy test Returning of fetus when uterus pushed w/ fingers (BALLOTTEMENT) Outline of the fetus palpated Braxton Hick's contractions A softening of the cervix (Goodell's sign) Bluish color of vulva, vagina and cervix (Chadwick's Sign) Lower uterine segment is soft (Hegar's Sign) Enlarged uterus
64
What are the positive signs of pregnancy?
Can be CONFIRMED (FETUS) ``` Fetal movement felt by the doctor/nurse Electronic device detects FHR The delivery of the baby Ultrasound detects the baby See visible movement ```
65
What are the common discomforts during pregnancy caused by increased HCG?
``` Nausea and Vomiting Heartburn (Pyrosis) Constipation Backache Lordosis Wadding gait ```
66
What are the common discomforts of pregnancy if there is increase in estrogen?
Breast tenderness Leg varicosities and pedal edema Hemorrhoids Leukorrhea
67
What are other discomforts during pregnancy?
Leg cramps Urinary frequency Supine Hypotensive Syndrome Round Ligament Pain

PNLE REVIEW (Refresher) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions