Pediatrics- Emergencies/ Psychosocial Issues Flashcards
What are some examples of respiratory emergencies?
Respiratory insufficiency
Respiratory failure
Apnea
Respiratory arrest
Airway obstruction
What is respiratory insufficiency?
Increased work of breathing with mostly had a quick gas exchange or hypoxia with acidosis
What is respiratory failure?
Inability to maintain adequate oxygenation of the blood
What is apnea?
Cessation of respirations for more than 20 seconds
 What is respiratory arrest?
Complete cessation of respirations
What is airway obstruction caused by?
Can be due to aspiration of foreign body
What early indications of respiratory distress
Restlessness
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Diaphoresis
Nasal flaring
Retractions
Grunting
Wheezing
What is an expected, finding an advanced hypoxia?( late respiratory distress)
Bradypnea
Bradycardia
Cyanosis
Stupor
Coma
What are indications of choking?
Universal choking sign
Inability to speak
Weak, ineffective, cough
High pitch sound or no sounds
Dyspnea
Cyanosis
Nursing care for respiratory emergencies
CPR for respiratory in Cardiac arrest
Position to maintain patent airway
Prepare for intubation
Use calm approach
Nursing care for obstructed airway
For infants, use a combination of pack blues in Chest thrust
Remove any visual obstruction or large debris from the mouth, but do not perform blind finger sweep
What is the recovery position for a child who resumes breathing?
Side, lying position with legs, bent at knees for stability
What is drowning
Asphyxiation will a child is submerged in fluid can occur in any standing body of water That is at least 1 inch deep.
What is a submersion injury?
Near drowning, incidents are those in which children have survive for 24 hours after being submerged in fluid
 What are risk factors for drowning?
Children ages 0 to 4
Swimming
In adequate supervision or unattended bathtub pools
Not wearing a life jacket
Child abuse
Nursing care for a drowning patient
Administer oxygen
Provide chest physiotherapy
Monitor for complications that can occur 24 hours after incident (cerebral edema, respiratory distress)
Use calm approach
Client education for drowning
Lock toilet seats
Do not leave a child unattended in the bathtub
Small amount of water can lead to accidental drowning
Do not leave a child unattended in a swimming pool
Make sure private pools our fence with a lock gate
Provide life jacket
What is apparent life-threatening event?
Set an event where the infant exhibit apnea change in color, changing muscle tone and choking
Respecters for apparent life-threatening event
Gerd
Respiratory infection
Seizure
UTI
Sepsis
Expected findings during the event of an apparent life-threatening event
Apnea can be present
Changing color -pallor redness, cyanosis
Change in muscle tone
Choking, gagging and coughing
What should be an expected findings of an apparent life-threatening event?
Description of the event by the observer
CPR efforts provided
Client teaching for an apparent life-threatening event
Use an apnea monitor
Learn CPR
What is sudden infant death syndrome?
Sudden unpredictable death of an infant without an identified cause
What are risk factors for SIDS
Maternal smoking
Secondhand smoke
Co sleeping
Nonstandard bed
Prone or sideling sleeping
Low Apgar score
Poverty
What is client teaching to reduce the risk of SIDS?
Place the infant on the back for sleep
Avoid exposure to tobacco smoke
Prevent overheating
Use firm, tight fitting mattress
Remove pillows, quilts, stuffed animals
Avoid cosleeping
What are risk factors for poisoning?
Children younger than six years of age
Improperly stored medication, household chemicals, and hazardous substances
Lead ingestion from paint 
What information do you need to find out about the poisoning?
Name and location
Amount ingestion
Time ingested
What is a physical response after 2 to 4 hours of ingestion of acetaminophen poisoning?
Nausea, vomiting, sweating in pallor
What is a physical response after 24-36 hours of ingestion of acetaminophen poisoning?
Improvement in condition
What is a physical response after 36- 7 days or longer hours of ingestion of acetaminophen poisoning?
Hepatic stage pain in upper right quadrant, confusion, stupor jaundice, and coagulation disturbances
What is the final stage of acetaminophen poisoning?
Death or gradual recovery
What is a physical response after the acute poisoning of aspirin (aceltylsalictlic acid)
Nausea, vomiting, disorientation, diaphoresis, tachypnea tinnitus ogularia, lightheadedness and seizures
What is a physical response after the chronic poisoning of aspirin (aceltylsalictlic acid)
Settle version of acute manifestations
Bleeding tendencies
Dehydration
Severe seizures
What is the physical response to the initial period of supplemental iron poisoning?
Initial period ( 30 min- 6 hrafter ingestion)
Vomiting, hematemesis, diarrhea, gastric pain, and bloody stools
What is the physical response to the latency period of supplemental iron poisoning?
Latency period (2 to 12 hours after ingestion)
Improvement of condition
What is the physical response to the systemic toxicity period of supplemental iron poisoning?
Systemic toxicity period( 4 to 24 hours after ingestion)
Metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, bleeding, fever, shock, and possible death
What is the physical response to the hepatic injury period of supplemental iron poisoning?
Hepatic injury Period(48-96 hrs. after ingestion)
Seizure or coma
What is hydrocarbons
Gasoline, kerosene, lighter fluid paint thinner turpentine
What are physical responses to hydrocarbons?
Gagging and choking and coughing, nausea vomiting
Lethargy, weakness, tachypnea cyanosis, grunting, and retractions
What are corrosives
Household, cleaners, batteries, denture, cleaners, bleach
What are physical responses to corrosives?
Pain and burning in my throat and stomach
Edematous lips tongue and pharynx with white mucus membranes
Violent vomiting with Hemoptysis
Drooling
What are physical responses to low dose exposure of lead?
Distractibility, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, hearing impairment, intellectual difficulty
What are physical responses to high-dose exposure of lead?
Cognitive delays, bearing and severity, blindness, paralysis, seizure and death
Nursing care of a patient who was poison
Assist with gastric decontamination
Activated charcoal
Gastric lavage
Increase bowel motility
Syrup of ipecac is contradicting for routine, poison control treatment
Poisoned with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) what is the intervention
Activated charcoal
Gastric lavage
Sodium bicarbonate
Oxygen
Vitamin K
If a patient is poisoned with supplemental iron what is the intervention?
Emesis or lavage