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Pediatrics/ Maternity > Pediatrics- Complications of Infants > Flashcards

Pediatrics- Complications of Infants Flashcards

1
Q

What is phenylketonuria

A

PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the newborn likes the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

This enzyme converts phenylanine and essential amino acid into Trysonie

The lack of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of phenylaline in the newborns, bloodstream and tissues, which causes cognitive impairment

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2
Q

What is the key prevention of PKU in newborns?

A

Identification of clients in the reproductive years, who have disorder mess it here, to strict dietary guidelines from three months before conception throughout pregnancy

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3
Q

How often do patients with KPK you have to get there phenylalanine levels monitored

A

1 to 2 times per week throughout pregnancy

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4
Q

Who gets screen for PKU?

A

All newborns buy bullets brought protein usually within the first two days of birth

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5
Q

Expected findings in a newborn with PKU

A

Growth failure
Frequent vomiting
Irritability
Musty odor in urine
Blue eyes very fair skin light blonde hair

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6
Q

When is the blood spot analysis performed to check for PKU?

A

After the newborn has ingested, a source of protein, usually within two days of birth

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7
Q

What is nursing care of PKU?

A

Focuses on dietary intake
Dietary restrictions, as soon as PKU was diagnosed, or within 7 to 10 days of birth
Please patient on formula low in phenylalanine
Breast feed contains enzyme so I might not be possible

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8
Q

What should be the intake for a newborn with PKU?

A

20 to 30 mg phenylalanine per kilogram of body weight per day

Call is level between two and eight

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9
Q

What are complications of PKU?

A

Cognitive impairment
Hyper activity with erratic behavior
Bizarre behavior
Headbanging
Arm biting
Spasticity

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10
Q

What is meningocele/ myelomenigiocele

A

Spina bifida,
Neural tube defects that are present at birth in affect the CNS and spine

Occur when neural tube fails to close during the third and fourth week of embryonic development

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11
Q

What is meningiocele

A

Protrusion of saclike says that contains meninges in spinal fluid

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12
Q

What is myelomenigiocele

A

Upper Tution of saclike says that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord and nerves

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13
Q

What allergy do you have to assess for in spina bifida

A

Latex

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14
Q

What are manifestations of increased intracranial pressure

A

Hi bitch cry
Lethargic
Vomiting
Bothering fontanelles
Widen, cranial, suture lines
Increase head circumference

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15
Q

What is necrotizing enterocolitis?

A

An inflammatory disease of the G.I. Makossa caused by a Soumia or hypoxia. She may result in death of mucosal sell, leading to necrotic patches that interfere with digestion.

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16
Q

Respecters for necrotizing enterocolitis

A

Prematurity
Respiratory distress
Intrauterine growth restriction
Receiving internal feeds
G.I. vascular compromise

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17
Q

Physical assessment of a patient with necrotizing enterocolitis

A

Abdominal distention
Bloody stools
Periods of apnea
Hypotension
Poor feeding

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18
Q

What is a diagnostic procedure for necrotizing enterocolitis?

A

Abdominal x-rays
Look for sausage shaped dilation of intestine
Characterize soapsuds appearance of intestinal wall due to air infiltration
Free air and abdominal cavity, if perforation has occurred

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19
Q

Nursing care for a patient with necrotizing enterocolitis

A

Prevention with hold feedings for 24 to 48 hours
Discontinue all feedings
Insert NG tube
Measure abdominal girth
Scereal abdominal x-rays
Removal of necrotize portion of bowel
Temporary colostomy

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20
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Results of surfactant deficiency in the lungs, characterized by pour gas exchange, and ventiltory failure

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21
Q

What does surfactant

A

Phospholipid that assist in Alviola expansion keeps alveoli from collapsing and allows Gas exchange to occur

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22
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Collapsing a portion of the lungs

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23
Q

Risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome

A

Premature
Meconium staining
Cord prolapse
Nuchal cord
Maternal diabetes mellitus
Premature rupture of membranes
Cold stress

24
Q

Expected findings in respiratory distress syndrome

A

Tachypnea
Nasal flaring
Gruntin
Retractions
Fine crackles

25
Q

Nursing care for respiratory distress syndrome

A

Suction the newborn smell trachea nose
Maintain thermoregulation
Provide mouth and skin care

26
Q

What is beeactant piracy at Alfa and calfactant

A

Long surfactant

27
Q

What is congenital hypothyroidism?

A

Occurs due to an absent or non-functioning thyroid gland

28
Q

When will findings occur in congenital hypothyroidism

A

Three months in a formula, fed infant
Six months in a breast-fed infants

29
Q

Risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism

A

Females
Low birthweight
Maternal low iodine levels

30
Q

Physical assessment for congenital hypothyroidism

A

Sleeping excessively
Enlarged tongue
Poor, sucking
Cool dry skin on extremities
Subnormal temperature
Short, thick neck

31
Q

Nursing care for a patient with congenital hypothyroidism

A

Assess feeding difficulties
Treatment is administration of synthetic thyroid hormone
Medication must be taken in definitely
Supplemental vitamin D to support rapid bone growth

32
Q

What is substance exposed infants?

A

Maternal substance use during pregnancy consist of any use of alcohol or drugs, intrauterine drug exposure can cause withdrawal in the neonate

33
Q

What is hyperbilirubinemia

A

Elevation of blood bilirubin levels resulting in jaundice

34
Q

What is psychological jaundice?

A

Considered benign from normal newborn physiology of increase Billy Rubin production, due to shorten lifespan, in breakdown of fetal RBCs and liver immaturity

35
Q

When does does physiologic jaundice occur

A

After 24 hours of age

36
Q

What does hemolytic disease or pathological jaundice

A

Result of an underlying disease

37
Q

When does pathologic jaundice occur?

A

Before 24 hours of age 

38
Q

What is kernicterus

A

Bilirubin encephalopathy
Increase permeability of the blood brain barrier to on conjunctive bilirubin

Potential for irreversible brain damage
Caused by bilirubin, depositing in brain

39
Q

Expected findings of hyper bilirubinemia

A

Yellowish tint to skin
When release of pressure observe the skin for a yellowish tint, a skin is blanched

40
Q

Expected findings of kernicterus

A

Yellow skin
Poor feeding
Decreased activity
High-pitched cry
Temperature instability

41
Q

Laboratory test for hyperbilirubinemia

A

Our specific blood bilirubin levels to predict newborns at risk for hyperbilirubinemia

42
Q

Nursing care for hyper bilirubinemia

A

Set up phototherapy
Encourage parents to hold and interact with newborn when lights are off
Auxiliary temp every four hours
Feed, newborn, early and frequent every 3 to 4 hours to promote bilirubin excretion in stools

43
Q

What is nursing care during phototherapy?

A

Maintain an eye mask over the newborns eyes
Avoid applying lotions
Remove newborn from phototherapy every four hours
Reposition newborn every two hours

44
Q

What is newborn sepsis?

A

Infection, contracted by the newborn before during or after delivery newborns are more susceptible due to their limited immunity in ability to localized infection infection can spread rapidly into the bloodstream

45
Q

How to reduce the risk of infection in newborns

A

Prophylactic anabiotic treatment of the eyes of all newborns, inappropriate umbilical cord care

46
Q

Expected findings in newborn sepsis

A

Temperature instability hypothermi
Suspicious drainage (eyes, umbilical cord)
Poor weight gain
Abdominal distention
Respiratory distress
Color changes
Low blood pressure
Poor muscle tone

47
Q

What does plagiocephaly

A

Acquired condition that occurs from cranial molding in infancy

48
Q

What happens in plagiocephaly?

A

Infants head becomes a symmetric or oblique in shape due to flattening of the occiput

49
Q

What is a risk factor for plagiocephaly?

A

Supine sleep position

50
Q

What are key prevention of plagiocephaly?

A

Lying prone position for 30 to 60 minutes per day while awake
Alternate the infants, head position each night to avoid persistent pressure on the occiput
Wearing customize helmet to reshape the skull

51
Q

How long does a customized helmet for plagiocephaly need to be worn?

A

23 hours a day usually for three months

52
Q

 What is considered a late preterm infant

A

Between 34 and 37 weeks

53
Q

What is considered an early preterm baby?

A

Between 24 and 34 weeks

54
Q

What is an expected findings for premature infant?

A

Head large
Thin skin
Abundant Laguna
Soft, ear cartilage
Poor suck, swallow reflux
Testicles undescended

55
Q

What are symptoms of down syndrome?

A

Broad flat nose
Protruding tongue
Short neck
Low set ears
Fifth finger curved N-word
Cardiac anomalies

56
Q

What can an infant go through if their mother was using drugs or alcohol while pregnant?

A

Withdrawal

57
Q

What are long-term complications of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Central nervous system dysfunction
Behavioral difficulties
Language abnormalities
Delayed growth
Poor, maternal bother

Pediatrics/ Maternity (15 decks)

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