Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics/ Maternity > Pediatric- Reproductive and Renal Issues > Flashcards

Pediatric- Reproductive and Renal Issues Flashcards

1
Q

What is a enuresis

A

Uncontrolled or unintentional urination, that occurs after a child, is beyond in an age at which bladder control is achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How often do you have to have an appropriate urination for it to be qualified as enuresis

A

During the day or night at least twice a week for at least three months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is primary enuresis?

A

My child has never been free of bedwetting for any extended period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is secondary enuresis?

A

A child who started bedwetting after development of urinary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are risk factors of enuresis?

A

Males
emotional events ( new siblings, divorce)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you diagnose enuresis

A

Functional bladder capacity screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a functional bladder capacity screening?

A

Child as instructed to hold off urinating for as long as possible, and then instructed to urinate into a container
The urine output is that measured
The expected bladder capacity in ounces is a child’s age +2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Education for a family with a child who has enuresis

A

Urinate prior to bedtime
Fluids during the day and restrict fluids, at least two hours prior to bedtime
Avoid caffeinated or carbonated drinks
Use positive reinforcement
Keep calendar of wet and dry days
Have child to change bed linens, and clothing
Wake the child up at scheduled intervals during the night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is conditioning therapy and enuresis?

A

Placing an alarm sensor on the bed, that rings alarms when the child voids to awaken child to get up to use the bathroom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is retention control measures in enuresis?

A

Have the child consuming large amounts of fluid to stretch the bladder, if not contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What desmopressin acetate

A

Reduces the volume of urine
Restrict child’s fluid intake after dinner
Administer medication, a bedtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is imipramine hydrochloride

A

Inhibits urination
Monitor for increase in suicidal thoughts
Length of treatment 6 to 8 weeks
Take with food
Administer med one hour before bed
Avoid sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is oxybutynin chloride

A

Reduce his bladder contractions
Complications, emotional problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is bacteriuria

A

Bacteria in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a reoccurrence UTI?

A

Multiple occurrences of asymptomatic or symptomatic bacteriuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does persistent UTI?

A

Bacteriuria that does not resolved with antibiotic therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a febrile UTI?

A

Systematic bacteriuria with fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is urethritis?

A

Inflammation of the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the upper urinary track in the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Risk factors for your UTI

A

Female
Tight underwear
Bubble baths
Sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

UTI findings in an infant

A

Increase in irritability
Poor feeding
Increased thirst
Screaming with urination
Foul smelling urine
Diaper rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

UTI findings in a child

A

Abdominal or back pain
Pain with urination
Poor appetite
Slow growth
Swelling of face
Blood in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most accurate method for obtaining urine in child less than two?

A

Sterile, catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Client education for uti

A

Females wipe front to back
Uncircumcised men ensure foreskin is retracted
Underwear, dry cotton, underwear
Avoid bubble baths
Void frequently
Empty bladder completely
Void immediately after intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has a urinary tract infection, which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching(select)
Where nylon underpants
Avoid bubble baths
Empty bladder completely with each void
Watch for manifestations of infection
Wait perineal area back to front

A

Avoid bubble baths
Empty bladder completely with each void
Watch for manifestations of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A nurse is planning care for a child who has a urinary tract infection which of the following intervention should the nurse include
Administer antidiuretic
Restrict fluids
Evaluate the child self-esteem
Encourage frequent voiding

A

Encourage frequent voiding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A nurse is caring for a child who has enuresis, which of the following is a complication of enuresis
 Urinary tract infection
Emotional problems
Urosepsis
Progressive kidney disease

A

Emotional problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A nurse is assessing an infant who has suspected urinary tract infection, which of the following are expected findings(select)
Increase in hunger
Irritability
Decreasing urination
Vomiting
Fever

A

Irritability
Vomiting
Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A nurse is assessing a child who has a urinary tract infection, which of the following manifestation of a urinary tract infection(select)
Night sweats
Swelling of the face
Pallor
Pale colored urine
Fatigue

A

Swelling of the face
Pallor
Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When do children become aware and very interested in the genital area

A

Between three and six years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When is the ideal repair of structural defects of the genital area?

A

Done between 6 to 12 months of age, but before three years of age to minimize the impact on body image, and promote healthy development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is obstructive uropathy?

A

Obstruction in the urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How to fix obstructive uropathy

A

Surgical procedure that diverts the flow of urine to bypass the abstraction, including surgical, repair and insertion of urethral stent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is chordee

A

Central curvature of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How to fix chordee

A

Surgical release of the fibrous band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is bladder exstrophy?

A

A version of the posterior bladder through the anterior bladder wall in lower abdominal wall
Expose bladder, urethral, and ureter orifices through the suprapubic area
Epispadias present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What should the nurse do if there is bladder exstrophy?

A

Cover the explodes, better with sterile, nonadherent dressing,
prepare the child for immediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is hypospadias

A

Urethral opening located just below the glans penis behind the glans penis or on the ventral surface of the penile shaft
Meatus opening below the glans penis
Nearest opening along the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum or peroneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is epispadias in males

A

Widen pubic symphysis
Urethra opened on dorsal surface of the penis
Possible exstrophy

41
Q

What is episoadias of the female

A

Wide urethra
Possible exstrophy of the bladder

42
Q

How do fix epispadias

A

Surgery performed during the first year of life

43
Q

What is phimosis

A

Nearing of the preputial opening of the foreskin
Inability to retract foreskin of penis
Usually disappears as a child grows

44
Q

Nursing action for phimosis

A

Proper hygiene for external foreskin cleansing
Foreskin should not be forcibly retracted

45
Q

What is Cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testes
Inability to palpate testes within the scrotum

46
Q

When is surgery preformed during cryptorchidism

A

Six and 24 months of age

47
Q

What is hydrocele

A

Fluid in the scrotum
Enlarge scrotal sac
Can resolve spontaneously

48
Q

If hydrocele is not resolved by one year of age what do you do?

A

Surgical repair

49
Q

What is variocele

A

Elongation dilation in tortuosity of the veins of the spermatic cord superior to the testicles

50
Q

How do you fix variocele

A

Variocelectomy

51
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

Testes hangs free from its vascular structure
Pain is either a cute or insidious an answer in radiates to the groin area

52
Q

How do you fix testicular torsion?

A

Immediate surgery

53
Q

What is ambiguous genitalia?

A

Erroneous or abnormal sexual differentiation karyotyping is performed to determine the infant chromosomal pattern
Genetic counseling can help

54
Q

What do you teach a client who hast to get surgery on their genitalia?

A

Surgery is not a punishment, and it will not mutilate the body
Do not provide to baths for at least one week
Limit activity

55
Q

A nurse is caring for an infant who is Hydrocele which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Prepare the child for surgery
Explain to the parents that the issue with self resolve
Retract the foreskin and cleanse several times daily
Refer the family for genetic counseling

A

Explain to the parents that the issue will self resolve

56
Q

A nurse is caring for a male infant who has an epispadias which of the following findings should the nurse expect?(select)
Bladder exstrophy
Inability to retract foreskin
Widen pubic symphysis
Urethral opening on the dorsal side of the penis
Pain

A

Bladder exstrophy
Widened pubic symphysis
Urethral opening on the dorsal side of the penis

57
Q

A nurse is caring for an infant who has ambiguous genitalia, which of the following action should the nurse take (select)
 Prepare the child for surgery
Test child’s infants function
Cover the genitals with sterile dressing
Refer to the family for genetic counseling explain the need for a chromosomal analysis 

A

Prepare the child for surgery
Refer to the family for genetic counseling
Explain the need for chromosomal analysis

58
Q

A nurse is caring for an infant who has obstructive uropathy which of the following findings should the nurse expect(select)
Decrease urine flow
Urinary track infection
Intrauterine polyhydramnios
Concentrated urine
Hydronephrosis

A

Urinary tract infection
Hydroephrosis

59
Q

What is acute glomerulonephritis

A

Benign inflammation of the glomeruli which causes intravascular coagulation that lasts about one to two weeks

60
Q

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is an antibody antigen disease that occurs as a result of

A

Certain strains of the group a beta hemolytic streptococcal infection

61
Q

Risk factors for acute glomerulonephritis

A

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Recent upper respiratory infection, or streptococcal infection

62
Q

Findings with acute glomerulonephritis

A

Cloudy T colored urine
Decreased urine output
Hematuria
Proteinuria
Irritability
Ill appearance
Facial edema, worsen morning
Encephalopathy
General swelling

63
Q

Nursing care in acute  glomerulonephritis

A

Play the child on the same scale with the same amount of clothing
Implement seizure precaution
Possible restriction of sodium
Restrict foods, high in potassium

64
Q

What is nephrotic syndrome?

A

Alterations in the g glomerular membrane allow proteins, especially albumin to pass into the year and resulting in decrease blood osmotic pressure which leads to protein, urea, hyper lipidemia an edema

65
Q

What is secondary nephrotic syndrome?

A

Occurs after or is associated with Kamarie alert damage due to a known cause

66
Q

What is congenital nephrotic syndrome?

A

An inherited disorder

67
Q

Expected findings in nephrotic syndrome

A

 Waking over a period of days
Facial edema
Ascites
Edema and lower extremities
Muerhrcke lines on fingernails(white lines, parallel to the lunula)
Genital swelling
Decreased frothy urine

68
Q

What is hypoalbuminemia

A

Reduce blood proteins and albumin

69
Q

What is hyper lipidemia?

A

Elevated blood, lipid levels

70
Q

What is hemoconcentration?

A

Reduce sodium levels

71
Q

What is indicated only if nephrotic syndrome is unresponsive to steroid therapy?

A

Kidney biopsy

72
Q

Nursing care for a patient with nephrotic syndrome

A

Strict I & O
Weigh diapers
Check urine protein
Monitor daily weight
Monitor, edema and abdominal girth
Elevate legs and feet to relieve edema
Salt can be restricted

73
Q

What medication do you use for nephrotic syndrome?

A

Corticosteroid: prednisone
Diarrhetic : furosemide
Plasma, expanders
Immunosuppressant : cyclophosphamide

74
Q

What is hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

An acute renal disease characterized by acute renal failure, hemolytic, anemia, and thrombocytopneia

75
Q

What is one of the main causes of acute renal failure in early childhood?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

76
Q

What happens during hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

Breakdown of red blood cells clog the kidneys toxins enter the bloodstream and destroy red blood cells

77
Q

Risk factors for hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Diarrhea positive HUs
Diarrhea negative or atypical HUS

78
Q

Findings and hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Occurs after prodromal period of diarrhea and vomiting occasionally occurs after varicella measles or UTI
Loss of appetite
Hallucination
Bruising, purpura, or rectal bleeding
Anuric and hypertensive

79
Q

What should the nurse do with a patient has hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

Administer fluid replacement
Correct acidosis and electrolyte imbalances
Monitor CNS for seizure activity
Provide seizure precautio
Blood transfusions with fresh washed packed cells for severe anemia

80
Q

What should you teach a patient who has hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

Avoid undercooked meat, especially ground beef
Avoid unpasteurized, apple juice and unwashed raw vegetables
Avoid alfalfa sprouts
Avoid public pools

81
Q

What is acute renal failure?

A

Inability of the kidneys to excrete waste material, concentrate, urine and conserve electrolytes

82
Q

What are prerenal risk factors for acute renal failure?

A

Dehydration, secondary to diarrheal disease, or persistent vomiting
Surgical shock
Accidental poisoning

83
Q

What are intrinsic renal risk factors for acute renal disease?

A

Damage to the glomeruli
Obstruction of the urinary system

84
Q

Expected findings and acute renal failure

A

Ogularia
Abrupt diuresis
Edema
Circulatory collapse
Cardiac arrhythmia
Seizures

85
Q

Medication’s for acute renal failure

A

Mannitol furosemide calcium gluconate
Sodium bicarbonate glucose and insulin
Sodium polystrene solfonate

86
Q

Mannitol and furosemide does what

A

Provoke a flow of urine in a child who has oligularia and lower tracked obstruction

87
Q

What is calcium gluconate do?

A

Reduce blood potassium levels

88
Q

What is sodium bicarbonate do?

A

Elevate blood pH and causes a transient fluid shift to the reduce blood potassium levels

89
Q

What does glucose and insulin Ivy do?

A

Causes glucose in potassium to move into cells

90
Q

What is sodium polystryrene  sulfonate do?

A

Rectally or orally find potassium in excreted from the body

91
Q

What is chronic renal failure?

A

Begins when the disease kidneys can no longer maintain the normal chemical structure of body fluids under normal conditions, and there’s an extensive irreversible damage to the nephrons

92
Q

Expected findings in chronic renal failure

A

Loss of energy
Occasional elevator, BP
Delayed growth
Decrease interest in activities
Decrease or increase urinary output
Uremic odor to breath
Muscle cramps
Puffiness to face

93
Q

What should the nurse do with a patient with chronic renal failure?

A

Provide rest
Initiate fluid restriction, if Adam a present
Daily weight
Neuro check
Sodium restriction
Phosphorus reduction

94
Q

Nutrition for a patient with chronic renal failure

A

Provide adequate calories and protein for growth
Restrict dietary phosphorus
Potassium is restricted
Limit protein
Take dietary sources of Folic acid and iron

95
Q

A nurse is assessing a child who is nephrotic syndrome, which of the following findings should the nurse expect(select)
Urine dipstick +2 protein
Edema in the ankles
Hyper lipidemia
Polyurea
Anorexia

A

Urine dipstick plus 2 protein
Edema in the ankles
Hyper lipidemia
Anorexia

96
Q

A nurse is caring for a school age child who has acute glomerulonephritis which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
BUN 8 my/dL
Blood creatinine 1.3 mg per deleter
Blood pressure 100/74
Urine output 550 mL in 24 hours 

A

Blood creatinine, 1.3 mg/dL

97
Q

A nurse is caring for a preschooler who has nephrotic syndrome, which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider
Blood proteins 5.0
Hgb, 14.5
HCT 40%
Platelet 200,000 

A

Blood protein, 5.0.

98
Q

The nurse is assessing a child who has chronic renal failure which of the following findings should the nurse expect
Flushed face
Hyperactivity
Weight gain
Delayed growth

A

Delayed growth

99
Q

A nurse is caring for a child who has a cute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis which of the following manifestations, should the nurse expect(select)
Pale urine
Pre-orbital edema
Ill appearance
Decrease creatinine
Hypertension

A

Pre-orbital edema
Ill appearance
Hypertension

Pediatrics/ Maternity (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions