Pediatrics Flashcards
What is the most serious complication of Kawasaki syndrome?
Aortic Aneurysm
What is the most common cause of fever in infants aged 29-60 days old?
Viral illness
Palpation of a tubular or sausage-shaped mass in the abdomen should make you think of what diagnosis?
Intussusception
By what age should a child be able to walk?
12 months
A sore throat with a rash should make you think of what diagnosis?
Scarlet Fever
When are MMR and varicella given?
1 year old and 4 years old
What antibiotic is the first line treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia?
A macrolide, erythromycin or azithromycin
What virus are Koplik spots pathognomonic for?
Measles/Rubeola
A 3 year old presents with yellow-golden crusted lesions on the upper lip. What is the diagnosis?
Impetigo
What is the medical term for cross-eyed?
What is the name for lazy eye?
Strabismus
Ambylopia
A child presents with paroxysmal abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. What diagnosis should you be considering?
Intussusception
At what age is it recommended to start giving the annual flu vaccine?
6 months. It is administered in 2 doses, at least 1 month apart.
Describe erythema marginatum
Pink rings on the trunk and inner surfaces of the limbs
Nasal polyps should make you think of what diagnosis?
What is the next step in diagnosis?
Cystic Fibrosis
Sweat Chloride Test
By what age should a child be able to hold up their head?
3 months
By what age should a child be able to kick a ball?
24 months
What age child requires hospitalization if diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis?
< 2 months
Atypical or walking pneumonia is caused by what pathogen?
Mycoplasma
What does APGAR stand for?
- Appearance
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Activity
- Respiration
What is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis?
Group B strep
Pale and boggy nasal mucosa should make you think of what diagnosis?
Allergic rhinitis
A widely split fixed S2 should make you think of what diagnosis?
Atrial septal defect
Collarette scaling should make you think of what diagnosis?
Pityriasis rosea
What is the first line treatment for otitis media?
Amoxicillin
A lacey pink rash on the face of a child should make you think of what diagnosis?
Erythema infectiousum aka 5th disease
A CXR finding of notched ribs in a child should make you think of what diagnosis?
Coarctation of the aorta
You hear a loud harsh holosystolic murmur in a child. It is heard best at the LLSB. What diagnosis should you be considering?
Ventricular septal defect
Describe the pattern of weight gain in an infant over the frist week to 10 days of life?
Newborns lose 10% of their brith weight initially but are back to birth weight at 10 days
Epiglottis is classically associated with what pathogen?
H. flu (Hib)
Is neonatal jaundice physiologic or pathologic within the first 24 hours of life?
pathologic - concern for hemolysis
What pathogen causes rubeola?
Paramyxovirus
What is the gold standard imaging to diagnosis pyloric stenosis?
Ultrasound
What is the first line treatment for pertussis?
Macrolide - erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin
A Salter-Harris type III fracture affects what area of the bone?
The physis (growth plate) as well as the epiphysis
A boot shaped heart should make you think of what diagnosis?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the treatment for a volvulus in a child?
Barium enema
Sudden onset of cough or stridor in an afrible infant or toddler should make you think of what diagnosis?
Foreign body aspiration
What pathogens cause roseola?
HHV 6 or HHV 7
A cyanotic congenital heart condition typically has shunting of blood in which direction?
Right to left
By what age should a child be able to sit?
6 months
What pathogen causes erythema infectiosum?
Parvovirus
Describe Barlow’s test
Adduct and internal rotation of the hips
If you believe there may be a foreign body obstructing a child’s breathing what type of CXR should you order?
Expiratory view looking for hyperinflation due to air trapping
By what age should a child be able to roll over?
4 months
At what age should a child be able to use a spoon and stack 3-4 blocks?
18 months
At what age should a child begin to say momma and dadda?
around 12 months
A child with bulky greasy stool should make you think of what diagnosis?
Cystic fibrosis
A lack of meconium in the first 48 hours of life should make you think of what diagnosis?
Hirschsprung’s Disease
A musical vibratory murmur best heard at the apex in a child should make you think of what diagnosis?
Still’s murmur
A Salter-Harris type 1 fracture affects what are of the bone?
Only the physis (growth plate)
What is the best screening test for amblyopia in a 6 year old?
Visual acuity
What organism is the most common cause of otitis media?
Strep pneumoniae
What two diagnoses should you think of when you see leukocoria (white pupilary reflex) on fundoscopic exam?
Congenital cataracts, retinoblastoma
What is the most common cause of an upper respiratory tract infection?
Rhinovirus
Describe Koplik spots?
White clustered lesions on the buccal mucosa
