Hematology

Question 1

What is the most common use of vitamin K injections?

Answer 1

Neonates are routinely injected with vitamin K to prevent bleeding disorders

Question 2

What is the most common cancer in children?

Answer 2

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Question 3

Reed-Sternberg cells should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 3

Hodgkins Lymphoma

Question 4

What is the triad for multiple myeloma?

Answer 4

Anemia
Renal Failure
Hypercdalcemia

Question 5

How does aspirin inactivate platelets?

Answer 5

ASA inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2

Question 6

What does HELLP syndrome stand for?

Answer 6

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets

Question 7

Auer rods are most commonly associated with what disease?

Answer 7

Acute myeloid leukemia

Question 8

In young toddlers, a cow milk intake greater than 24 oz a day puts them at increased risk of what diagnosis?

Answer 8

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 9

How long before there is a response to oral iron therapy in a patient with iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 9

4 to 8 weeks

Question 10

Asplensm secondary to sickle cell disease increases a patient’s risk for what type of infections?

Answer 10

Capsulated organisms like strep pneumo and H. flu

Question 11

What leukemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?

Answer 11

CML

Although, it can be associated with ALL and other forms of leukemia. It is most commonly associated with CML.

Question 12

What is the most common inherited hypercoagulable state?

Answer 12

Factor V Leiden mutation

Question 13

What condition should be suspected in patients with recurrent DVT’s, recurrent spontaneous abortions, or recurrent cerebrovascular events?

Answer 13

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Question 14

When should fresh frozen plasma be given instead of Vitamin K to reverse Warfarin?

Answer 14

• Serious/Life Threatening Bleeding (intracranial hemorrhage, massive GI bleed)
• Need for rapid reversal
• Extremely high INR (>10) with active bleeding

Question 15

Does an increase in reticulocytes indicate a decrease or an increase in RBC production?

Answer 15

An increase, reticulocytes are newly released “baby” RBC

Question 16

The term Philadelphia chromosome should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 16

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 17

Reed Sternberg cells are associated with which type of lymphoma?

Answer 17

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Question 18

Any question containing an example of pica is likely pointing you to what diagnosis?

Answer 18

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 19

Are target cells seen in mild or severe iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 19

Severe, they are also seen in alpha thalassemia, chronic liver disease, and asplenia

Question 20

Describe pancytopenia

Answer 20

A decrease in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

Question 21

What is the definitive lab test to diagnose sickle cell anemia?

Answer 21

Hemogolbin electrophoresis

Question 22

Will unconjugated bilirubin be high or low in a patient with sickle cell disease?

Answer 22

High

Question 23

What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?

Answer 23

Von Willebrand’s Disease

Question 24

Under normal conditions at what hemoglobin level would you begin to consider a transfusion?

Answer 24

8 Hgb

Question 25

In a folic acid deficiency anemia the folic acid is typically below what level?

Answer 25

< 150

Question 26

Neurologic manifestations are commonly associated with which type of anemia?

Answer 26

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 27

Which anemia should you think of if you see the term Howell-Jolly bodies?

Answer 27

Sickle cell due to the functional asplenia, but it can also be seen in folic acid deficiency

Question 28

What hematological disorder should you think of if the question talks about he patient eating ice or dirt?

Answer 28

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 29

What type of anemia is Vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 29

Macrocytic

Question 30

What is the initial treatment of choice for CML?

Answer 30

Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)

Question 31

Iron deficiency anemia will have a serum iron level lower than what level?

Answer 31

30

Question 32

A finding of Heinz bodies indicates which hemolytic anemia?

Answer 32

G6PD deficiency

Question 33

Endothelial damage leading to a cascade of dysregulated and consumptive coagulation with simultaneous fibrinolysis describes what life-threatening condition?

Answer 33

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 34

Night sweats can be associated with which type of lymphoma?

Answer 34

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 35

Target cells indicate what disease?

Answer 35

Thalassemia or hemoglobinopathies

Question 36

Increased platelet destruction, decreased bone marrow platellet production, and redistribution of platelets in circulation makes you think of what?

Answer 36

Thrombocytopenia

Question 37

An elevated corrected retic count with a falling Hgb and elevated LDH should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 37

Hemolytic anemia

Question 38

Microcytic anemia has MCV values below what number? | What is the normal range of MCV?

Answer 38

80 | 80-100

Question 39

What skin finding might a patient with thrombocytopenia have?

Answer 39

Petechiae

Question 40

What molecule binds iron in the bloodstream?

Answer 40

Transferrin

Question 41

What type of anemia is directly related to bone marrow suppression?

Answer 41

Aplastic anemia

Question 42

Hemophilia A follows what pattern of inheritance?

Answer 42

X-linked

Question 44

Anticoagulation therapy for a mechanical heart valve should target what international normalized ratio (INR) range? | What is the INR target for A. Fib?

Answer 44

2.5 to 3.5 | 2.5

Question 45

What will be seen on peripheral blood smear in lead poisoning? | What is the pathophysiology?

Answer 45

Basophillic stippling | Lead interferes with hemoglobin synthesis