Hematology Flashcards
What is the most common use of vitamin K injections?
Neonates are routinely injected with vitamin K to prevent bleeding disorders
What is the most common cancer in children?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Reed-Sternberg cells should make you think of what diagnosis?
Hodgkins Lymphoma
What is the triad for multiple myeloma?
Anemia
Renal Failure
Hypercdalcemia
How does aspirin inactivate platelets?
ASA inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2
What does HELLP syndrome stand for?
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets
Auer rods are most commonly associated with what disease?
Acute myeloid leukemia
In young toddlers, a cow milk intake greater than 24 oz a day puts them at increased risk of what diagnosis?
Iron deficiency anemia
How long before there is a response to oral iron therapy in a patient with iron deficiency anemia?
4 to 8 weeks
Asplensm secondary to sickle cell disease increases a patient’s risk for what type of infections?
Capsulated organisms like strep pneumo and H. flu
What leukemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML
Although, it can be associated with ALL and other forms of leukemia. It is most commonly associated with CML.
What is the most common inherited hypercoagulable state?
Factor V Leiden mutation
What condition should be suspected in patients with recurrent DVT’s, recurrent spontaneous abortions, or recurrent cerebrovascular events?
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
When should fresh frozen plasma be given instead of Vitamin K to reverse Warfarin?
- Serious/Life Threatening Bleeding (intracranial hemorrhage, massive GI bleed)
- Need for rapid reversal
- Extremely high INR (>10) with active bleeding
Does an increase in reticulocytes indicate a decrease or an increase in RBC production?
An increase, reticulocytes are newly released “baby” RBC
The term Philadelphia chromosome should make you think of what diagnosis?
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Reed Sternberg cells are associated with which type of lymphoma?
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Any question containing an example of pica is likely pointing you to what diagnosis?
Iron deficiency anemia
Are target cells seen in mild or severe iron deficiency anemia?
Severe, they are also seen in alpha thalassemia, chronic liver disease, and asplenia
Describe pancytopenia
A decrease in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
What is the definitive lab test to diagnose sickle cell anemia?
Hemogolbin electrophoresis
Will unconjugated bilirubin be high or low in a patient with sickle cell disease?
High
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?
Von Willebrand’s Disease
Under normal conditions at what hemoglobin level would you begin to consider a transfusion?
8 Hgb
In a folic acid deficiency anemia the folic acid is typically below what level?
< 150
Neurologic manifestations are commonly associated with which type of anemia?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Which anemia should you think of if you see the term Howell-Jolly bodies?
Sickle cell due to the functional asplenia, but it can also be seen in folic acid deficiency
What hematological disorder should you think of if the question talks about he patient eating ice or dirt?
Iron deficiency anemia
What type of anemia is Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Macrocytic
What is the initial treatment of choice for CML?
Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)
Iron deficiency anemia will have a serum iron level lower than what level?
30
A finding of Heinz bodies indicates which hemolytic anemia?
G6PD deficiency
Endothelial damage leading to a cascade of dysregulated and consumptive coagulation with simultaneous fibrinolysis describes what life-threatening condition?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Night sweats can be associated with which type of lymphoma?
Hodgkin lymphoma
Target cells indicate what disease?
Thalassemia or hemoglobinopathies
Increased platelet destruction, decreased bone marrow platellet production, and redistribution of platelets in circulation makes you think of what?
Thrombocytopenia
An elevated corrected retic count with a falling Hgb and elevated LDH should make you think of what diagnosis?
Hemolytic anemia
Microcytic anemia has MCV values below what number?
What is the normal range of MCV?
80
80-100
What skin finding might a patient with thrombocytopenia have?
Petechiae
What molecule binds iron in the bloodstream?
Transferrin
What type of anemia is directly related to bone marrow suppression?
Aplastic anemia
Hemophilia A follows what pattern of inheritance?
X-linked
Anticoagulation therapy for a mechanical heart valve should target what international normalized ratio (INR) range?
What is the INR target for A. Fib?
2.5 to 3.5
2.5
What will be seen on peripheral blood smear in lead poisoning?
What is the pathophysiology?
Basophillic stippling
Lead interferes with hemoglobin synthesis
