pediatric TBI - exam 3

Question 1

who’s more likely to get TBI

Answer 1

boys, across all ages

rates for girls in sports on the rise

Question 2

most common cause of TBI 0-14 & who is affected the most

Answer 2

falls

50.2%

infants, toddlers, preschoolers

Question 3

traumatic impact

Answer 3

head struck by or against an object

Question 4

traumatic inertial

Answer 4

brain moves within skull

Question 5

non traumatic

Answer 5

internal insult

hemorrhage, reduced blood flow (stroke)

Question 6

2 types of traumatic impact

Answer 6

open - penetrating

closed - non penetrating

Question 7

imaging in a mild TBI

Answer 7

normal

Question 8

imagine in moderate TBI

Answer 8

normal or abnormal

Question 9

imaging in severe TBI

Answer 9

normal or abnormal

Question 10

0-30 min loss of consciousness (LOC)

Answer 10

mild TBI

Question 11

30mins - 24hrs LOC

Answer 11

moderate TBI

Question 12

more than 24 hours LOC

Answer 12

severe TBI

Question 13

0-1 day post traumatic amnesia (PTA)

Answer 13

mild TBI

Question 14

1-7 days PTA

Answer 14

moderate TBI

Question 15

more than 7 days PTA

Answer 15

severe TBI

Question 16

Glasgow Coma scale (GCS) of mild TBI

Answer 16

13-15

Question 17

GCS of moderate TBI

Answer 17

9-12

Question 18

GCS of severe TBI

Answer 18

3-8

Question 19

severity rates of mild, moderate, & severe TBIs (of those who survive)

Answer 19

mild - 80%

moderate - 10%

severe - 10%

Question 20

3 aspects of GCS

Answer 20

eye opening response

verbal response

motor response

Question 21

SLP role in TBI treatment

Answer 21

communication rehab

aphasia

feeding

voice

AAC

family education

Question 22

primary injury for TBI

Answer 22

primary damage

mechanical damage

Question 23

secondary injury of TBI

Answer 23

physiological damage

delayed mechanical

Question 24

T/F brain injury is a chronic disease process, not a static event

Answer 24

true

Question 25

T/F children are resilient & bounce back from severe brain injuries

Answer 25

functional recovery of previously learned skills is better the younger the child is injured prognosis for acquiring new skills is worse

Question 26

TBI in 0-5

Answer 26

may appear recovered quickly problems emerge as child gets older connection between problems & injury not always made -- false diagnosis (learning, behavior, mood disorder)

Question 27

TBI in 3-5

Answer 27

similar to 0-5 injuries before or during peak of brain development may impact acquisition of these new skilsls

Question 28

physical signs & symptoms of TBI

Answer 28

bowel & bladder function level of consciousness dizziness fatigue headaches impaired movement, balance, coordination motor speed & programming nausea pain seizures

Question 29

pragmatic communication signs of TBI

Answer 29

difficulty initiating & maintaining conversations difficulty w/ turn taking impaired use & interpretation of nonverbals

Question 30

spoken language signs of TBI

Answer 30

anomia / word retrieval deficits difficulty w/ organization in conversation difficulty following directions difficulty making inferences difficulty understanding abstract concepts

Question 31

reading & written language signs of TBI

Answer 31

difficulty comprehending written texxt difficulty planning, organizing, & editing writing

Question 32

auditory signs & symptoms of TBI

Answer 32

auditory dysfunction difficulty hearing speech in noise hypersensitivity to sounds tinnitus HL - permanent or temporary

Question 33

visual signs of TBI

Answer 33

changes in visual perception - color, shape, size, depth, distance double vision sensitivity to light visual field deficits

Question 34

other sensory signs of TBI

Answer 34

loss of taste or smell sensitivity to touch changes in perception of pain, pressure, temp

Question 35

cognitive signs of TBI - attention

Answer 35

focused --> divided

Question 36

cognitive signs of TBI - memory & learning

Answer 36

deficits in short term & working memory negatively affects new learning

Question 37

cognitive signs of TBI - processing speed

Answer 37

faster reaction time but reduced processing speed --> leads to confusion

Question 38

cognitive signs of TBI - metacognition

Answer 38

reduced awareness of deficits

Question 39

speech signs of TBI

Answer 39

apraxia (motor programming) reduced prosody dysarthria hypeernasility absent speech

Question 40

voice signs of TBI

Answer 40

aphonia/dysphonia - due to intubation laryngeal hyper/hypofunctin phonatory abnormalities

Question 41

feeding/swallowing signs of TBI

Answer 41

dysphagia aspiration

Question 42

nerobehavioral signs of TBI

Answer 42

agression anxiety/depression heightened sensory sensitivity impulsivity mood swings drowsiness apathy

Question 43

role of medical based SLP

Answer 43

rehabilitative eval & treatment restorative & compensatory approaches

Question 44

school based SLP role in TBI treatment

Answer 44

eval & treatment focus on student's access to education

Question 45

restorative treatment

Answer 45

repeated exposure & repetition of stimulation through experience can change brain's neural networks --> reorganization of the brain "fix it"

Question 46

habilitative treatmeent

Answer 46

targets skills not yet developed help children learn & maintain skills "keeping up"

Question 47

compensatory treatment

Answer 47

assumes certain cognitive functions cannot be completely recovered due to neurologic damage requires additional external supports due to long term effects "work around"

Question 48

TBI impact on learning

Answer 48

learning new skills takes longer deficits in executive functioning & metacognition difficulty learning academics & other concepts dependent on cognitive processes

Question 49

accommodations for children w/ TBI

Answer 49

changes to physical space changes to amount of work changes to method / mode of material (written vs spoken) instructor starts (speaking vs written notes) task based strats