language theory & dvlpmt - exam 1 Flashcards
language
complex & dynamic system of conventional symbols used for thought & expression
speech
articulation & rate of speech sounds & quality of an individual’s voice
communication
symbolic & nonsymbolic info (body language)
communication active process
sender who encodes / formulates a message
receiver who decides / comprehends the message
ex: infant cries, parent applies meaning, child learns cries have meaning & use them to communicate
4 elements of communication
- sender of the message
- receiver of the message
- shared intent to communicate (context)
- shared means of communication
language disorder
impaired comprehension &/or use of spoken, written, &/or other symbol systems
can be expressive, receptive, or both
what % of the population has a developmental language disorder
8-12%
agreed upon aspects of communication
communicates - exchange of shared ideas, feelings
shared code - agreed upon
rule governed - systematic
symbol system - representation
generative - combine symbols in new ways
creative - dynamic
use (pragmatics)
turn taking, topic maintenance, narrative cohesion
high variable across linguistic communities
develop tasks to assess skills & goals, can get from a language samplee
content (semantics)
number of total & different words, word meanings
things we measure as we assess children
children w/ language disorders may need more support learning vocab words & meanings
form (syntax, morphology, phonology)
bound & free morphemes, sentence structure, clauses
spoken language disorder
persistent difficulty in the acquisition & use in skills across any of the 5 language domains
5 language domains
phonology
morphology
syntax
semantics
pragmatics
developmental language disorder
disorder w/out another medical case @ school age
can co-occur, but the relationship is not causal
do not receive diagnosis until 4-5 yrs, lots of natural inconsistency before that
specific language impairment
old term
new term is more inclusive of all ability levels
behaviorism
very environment focused
B.F. Skinner
learning occurs when an environmental stimulus triggers a response or behavior
& you can shape those behaviors w/ reinforcement
drill method
cognitive constructivist theory
Jean Piaget
linkages between children’s motor ability, play behavior, & language development
nativist theory
extreme “nature” end
Noam Chomsky
innate ability to learn language
children need only minimal language exposure
deemphasizes contribution of child’s environment
social interaction theory
children’s language development is strongly tied to communication interaction
infant/caregiver attachment & interaction
- infant directed speech
- parent interaction & style
- amount & quality input from caregivers
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
language & cognition interdependent
social interaction plays a role
systems / ecological approach
individual’s family, community, & culture shape his or her functioning throughout the life span
eco map
micro - family, peer groups
meso - school, community, workplace
macro - broader cultural contexts (social policies, laws, etc)
