language theory & dvlpmt - exam 1

Question 1

language

Answer 1

complex & dynamic system of conventional symbols used for thought & expression

Question 2

speech

Answer 2

articulation & rate of speech sounds & quality of an individual’s voice

Question 3

communication

Answer 3

symbolic & nonsymbolic info (body language)

Question 4

communication active process

Answer 4

sender who encodes / formulates a message

receiver who decides / comprehends the message

ex: infant cries, parent applies meaning, child learns cries have meaning & use them to communicate

Question 5

4 elements of communication

Answer 5

1. sender of the message
2. receiver of the message
3. shared intent to communicate (context)
4. shared means of communication

Question 6

language disorder

Answer 6

impaired comprehension &/or use of spoken, written, &/or other symbol systems

can be expressive, receptive, or both

Question 7

what % of the population has a developmental language disorder

Answer 7

8-12%

Question 8

agreed upon aspects of communication

Answer 8

communicates - exchange of shared ideas, feelings

shared code - agreed upon

rule governed - systematic

symbol system - representation

generative - combine symbols in new ways

creative - dynamic

Question 9

use (pragmatics)

Answer 9

turn taking, topic maintenance, narrative cohesion

high variable across linguistic communities

develop tasks to assess skills & goals, can get from a language samplee

Question 10

content (semantics)

Answer 10

number of total & different words, word meanings

things we measure as we assess children

children w/ language disorders may need more support learning vocab words & meanings

Question 11

form (syntax, morphology, phonology)

Answer 11

bound & free morphemes, sentence structure, clauses

Question 12

spoken language disorder

Answer 12

persistent difficulty in the acquisition & use in skills across any of the 5 language domains

Question 13

5 language domains

Answer 13

phonology

morphology

syntax

semantics

pragmatics

Question 14

developmental language disorder

Answer 14

disorder w/out another medical case @ school age

can co-occur, but the relationship is not causal

do not receive diagnosis until 4-5 yrs, lots of natural inconsistency before that

Question 15

specific language impairment

Answer 15

old term

new term is more inclusive of all ability levels

Question 16

behaviorism

Answer 16

very environment focused

B.F. Skinner

learning occurs when an environmental stimulus triggers a response or behavior

& you can shape those behaviors w/ reinforcement

drill method

Question 17

cognitive constructivist theory

Answer 17

Jean Piaget

linkages between children’s motor ability, play behavior, & language development

Question 18

nativist theory

Answer 18

extreme “nature” end

Noam Chomsky

innate ability to learn language
children need only minimal language exposure

deemphasizes contribution of child’s environment

Question 19

social interaction theory

Answer 19

children’s language development is strongly tied to communication interaction

infant/caregiver attachment & interaction
- infant directed speech
- parent interaction & style
- amount & quality input from caregivers

Question 20

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

Answer 20

language & cognition interdependent

social interaction plays a role

Question 21

systems / ecological approach

Answer 21

individual’s family, community, & culture shape his or her functioning throughout the life span

Question 22

eco map

Answer 22

micro - family, peer groups

meso - school, community, workplace

macro - broader cultural contexts (social policies, laws, etc)