intellectual disabilities - exam 3 Flashcards
older terms used before intellectual disability
mental retardation
cognitive impairment
developmental disability
common syndromes associated w/ ID
Williams syndrome
fragile x
down syndrome
angelman syndrome
prader-willi syndrome
DSM-V 3 criteria for intellectual disability (ID) diagnosis
low IQ (<70)
deficits in adaptive behavior
onset during the developmental period (before age 18)
what is adaptive behavior
learned skills necessary for daily functioning
conceptual, social, & practical skills
examples of adaptive behavior skills
communication
self care
home living
social skills
academic skills
work
health
safety
what tool is used to assess adaptive behavior
diagnostic adaptive behavior scale
cognitive areas affected by ID
attention/discrimination
memory
organization
generalization
what is attention discrimination
ability to focus on important info in a field of stimuli
what is typical of memory in individuals w/ ID
better long term memory
slower recall
inefficient rehearsal strategies
why is organization a challenge for those w/ ID
difficulty organizing or chunking info affects recall & generalization
what is generalization
applying learned a info to new situations
why is generalization difficult for individuals w/ ID
challenging due to attention & organization deficits
what teaching strategies help students w/ ID
limit task complexity
support attention
use organizational cues
provide repetition
what are the levels of support for individuals w/ ID
intermittent - provided as needed
limited
extensive
pervasive - constant, high intensity support across environments
prevalence of ID
1-3% of the population
15% of SLP caseloads
common causes of ID
prenatal, perinatal, & postnatal factors
genetic conditions
mental health
birth trauma
environmental influences
types of risk factors
biomedical - TBI, genetic disorder
social - maternal malnutrition, lack of access to birth care
behavioral - alc/drug use, child abuse
educational - parental cognitive disability w/out support
what is the most common cause of ID
genetic
accounts for 50% of ID
what causes WIlliams syndrome
microdeletion of chromosome 7q11.23 affecting 17 genes
features of Williams syndrome
facial differences
cardiovascular issues
growth problems
connective tissue abnormalities
avg IQ of 58
language strengths in Williams syndrome
strong vocab
syntax comprehension
auditory working memory
expressive language traits in Williams syndrome
better vocab than peers w/ down syndrome
—> 10th percentile for vocab acquisition compared to typical development
expressive syntax aligns w/ developmental age
other strengths in Williams syndrome
working memory
social profile
Williams syndrome support needs
visual spatial ability
