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Pediatrics > Pediatric Orthopedic Conditions > Flashcards

Pediatric Orthopedic Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

When the head of femur is directed anteriorly

A

anteversion

in-toeing

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2
Q

When the head of femur is directed posteriorly

A

retroversion

out-toeing

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3
Q

negative foot angle is associated with wich hip angle torsion

A

in-toeing associated with anterversion

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4
Q

positive foot angle is associated with wich hip angle torsion

A

out-toeing (+) with retroversion

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5
Q

what is the normal foot pregression angle?

A

-3 to +20

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6
Q

name angle

A

Foot Progression Angle

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7
Q

The foot progression angle includes wich other torsional segments?

A

torsion of the hip, tibia, and forefoot

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8
Q

hip torsion is the relationship between

A

femoral neck and shaft of femur

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9
Q

typical progression of hip rotation

A
  1. Infants have anteversion + ER contractures
  2. Resolve by 5-6 yr becomes more apparent
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10
Q

Thigh Foot Axis is a measure of….

A

tibial torsion

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11
Q

typical progression of Thigh Foot Axis

A
  1. Infants: IR -30 to -20
  2. Spontaneous de-rotation with growth and walking
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12
Q

Treatment of Thigh Foot Axis (tibial torsion) required if natural resolution
does not happen

A
  • Friedman Counter Strap
  • Derotation strap
  • Dennis Browne bar (picture)
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13
Q
A

Metatarsus (forefoot) Adductus

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14
Q

Most common positional deformity in infants:

A

Metatarsus (forefoot) Adductus

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15
Q

when the foreffot is curved laterally is called?

A

Calcaneovalgus

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16
Q

Treatment of calcaneovalgus and matatarsus (forefoot) adductus

A
  • matatarsus (forefoot) adductus: corrective shoes, joint manipulation, serial casting
  • calcaneovalgus: none, resolves naturally
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17
Q

progression of knee alignment

A
  • Newborn: peak varum
  • 1-2 yr: straight
  • 2-4 yr: peak valgum
  • 4-16 yr: approaching sex specific norm
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18
Q

the 2 lower extremity rotational profiles are:

A
  • In-toeing: femoral anteversion, tibial internal torsion, metatarsus adductus.
  • Out-toeing: contracture of hip external rotators, tibial external torsion, calcaneovalgus.
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19
Q

General “looseness” or “instability” of the hip joint

A

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

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20
Q

name sign

A

Galeazzi Sign

seen in developmental dysplasia

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21
Q

Barlow and Ortolani test for developmental dysplasia:

A
  • Barlow: will dislocate the hip (hip started reduced)
  • Ortolani: will reduce the hip (hips started dislocated)
22
Q

what is the main intervention for developmental dysplasia for children under 6 mo

A

Pavlick Harness

23
Q

what is the main intervention for developmental dysplasia for children 6-12 mo

A

closed reduction and abduction orthosis

24
Q

what is the main intervention for developmental dysplasia for children over 12 mo

A

surgery

25
Q

Avascular necrosis of the ossific nucleus of the femoral head

A

Legg Calve Perthes Disease (LCPD)

cause not known

26
Q

treatment of Legg Calve Perthes Disease

A
  • usually resolve spontaneously
  • Wide variety of treatment
  • Scotish wide brace (picture)
  • derotational osteonomy
27
Q

usual population of Legg Calve Perthes disease

A
  • active boys between 5-10 y/o
  • with learning disabilities
  • 2nd hand smoke at home
28
Q
A

Slipped Capital Femoral Ephiphysis (SCFE)

29
Q

casues of Slipped Capital Femoral Ephiphysis (SCFE)

A
  • significant trauma
  • chronic slip (obesity)
30
Q

treatment for Slipped Capital Femoral Ephiphysis (SCFE)

A

pinning surgery

31
Q

presentation of Slipped Capital Femoral Ephiphysis (SCFE)

A
  • hip ER
  • hips moves passivelly into ER with hip FLX
  • 50% cases are bilateral
32
Q
A

Blount’s Disease (infantile tibia vara)

33
Q

intervention for Blount’s Disease (infantile tibia vara)

A
  • KAFO 23h per day
  • Sx
34
Q

what lenght difference is considered the normal range in leg lenght discrepancies?

A

a discrepancy of less than 2.5 cm

35
Q

impairment in leg length discrepancies include

A
  • pelvic obliquity, spinal alignment
  • increase energy expenditure
36
Q

leg lenght measurement

A
  • ASIS to lateral malleolous
  • Umbillicus to heel pad
37
Q

treatment of leg lenght discrepancies

A
  • shoe lift
  • or surgery
38
Q
A

Club Foot, Talipes Equinovarus

39
Q
A

Cobb angle

40
Q

Cobb angle > 10 =

A

scoliosis diagnosis

41
Q

structural scoliosis

A
  • vertabrae rotate towards convex side
  • cannot be corrected
42
Q

non structural scoliosis

A
  • usually non progressive
  • corrects with side bend towards convex side
43
Q

in scoliosis, the direction of the curve is named after the

A

convex side

44
Q

types of scoliosis

A
  1. Congenital: anomalous vertebral development, may not progress
  2. Neuromuscular: C types curves, SCI, may progress
  3. Idiopathic: infantile, juvenile, adolescent
45
Q

80% of all idiopathic scoliosis cases are…

A

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS)

more in females

46
Q

progression of scoliosis is defined as

A

a cobb angle change of >5 deg on two consecutive exams

47
Q

scoliosis, non-surgical treatment in angles of

A

<40

48
Q

the main goal of surgical intervention for scoliosis

A

to halt the progression

49
Q

congenital joint contractures in two or more areas of the body, genrally not genetically based

A

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC)

50
Q

a group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones. It results in bones that break easily.

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Pediatrics (22 decks)

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