Developmental Coordination Disorder Flashcards
DCD
Developmental Coordination Disorder also known as…
- Developmental Clumsiness
- In-coordination
- Minimal Minimal Brain Dysfunction
- Clumsy Child (1930)
- Dyspraxia (1962)
- Developmental Dyspraxia (1970)
- Developmental Coordination Disorder (!990)
DCD
- Developmental Clumsiness
- In-coordination
- Minimal Minimal Brain Dysfunction
AKA
Developmental Coordination Disorder
DCD
DCD Definition by DSM-5 is classified as a discrete motor disorder under the broader heading of
_____________ disorders
neurodevelopmental
DCD
The motor skills deficit in Criterion A significantly and persistently interferes with activities of daily living appropriate to chronological age (e.g., self-care and self-maintenance) and impacts academic/school productivity, prevocational and vocational activities, leisure, and play.
Developmental Coordination Disorder as defined by the DMS-5
DCD
Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period. The motor skills deficits are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or visual impairment and are not attributable to a neurological condition affecting movement (e.g., cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, degenerative disorder).
Developmental Coordination Disorder
by DSM-5
DCD
Incidence of DCD:
- Estimated at 5-10% (6-13%)of all school age-children have DCD
- Greater in boys than girls: 4:1 Ratio (1.7:1 UK)
DCD
Risks (incidence) of Developmental Coordination Disorder:
- ↑ in pre-terms infants
- In-utero exposure to alcohol and drugs
- Genetics may contribute
DCD
Disorders associated with Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Speaking problems
- expressive and phonological
- Learning disorders
- Sensory Processing Disorders (praxis)
- ADD/ADHD
DCD
4 processes of praxis
- Interpreting sensory input
- Choosing a motor action
- Choosing a proper SEQUENCE
- Choosing an specific force, speed, direction and distance.
DCD
Apraxia Vs. Dyspraxia
- Apraxia: loss of praxis, no somatosensory dysfunction, shows in MRI
- Dyspraxia: dysfunctional praxis, tactile and propriceptive dysfunction, no show in MRI
DCD
Motor problems in DCD:
- Total FLX and EXT patterns
- Toe walkers
- Slap foot, high stepping, shuffling (for sensory input)
DCD
Fine motor skills problems in DCD:
- Pinching instead of squeezing
- Breaks objects
DCD
Most common test for DCD
movement ABC
DCD
Levels of adaptive response:
- Response to passive stimuli
- Hold and stay
- Alt contraction/relax of muscles
- Uses in a familiar way
- Uses in an unfamiliar way
- Complicated adaptation
DCD
Treatment session of DCD should be rich in
tactile and vestibular input
DCD
Premack principle
Intersperse things that you like with things you don’t
DCD
Therapist responsibility in a DCD session
- Choose a skill
- Modify the envrionment
- Provide feedback
DCD
Initial activities with children with DCD should be
VESTIBULAR
DCD
To increase proprioceptive input
- weighted vest, shoes, pencils
- neoprene suits
- Theraband around the chair
DCD
To increase tactile input
- pacifiers
- texture surfaces, chewing gum
DCD
To decreased tactile input:
- pressure on head during combing
- pressure on hands during nail clipping
DCD
To increase and decrease visual input:
- Increase: mirrors, modeling, set boundaries
- Decrease: dim lights, restrict visual area
DCD
To increase and decrease auditory input:
- increase: headphone, metronome, clapping,
- decrease: headphones, earplugs, give one direction at the time
DCD
Use of total body patterns with children with DCD
- Flexion
- Extension: all 4s and rocking, prone on swing, scooter, ball
- Rotation: on ball, all 4s to sit.
