Developmental Examination and Evaluation Flashcards
Therapists can gather a plethora of information about the child through clinical observations, often during the ________
interview process.
- Responses to the environment and you
- General movement abilities
- Position transitions
- Ability to communicate, make needs known and follow directions****
Age-equivalent scores may be especially useful with ___________________children for whom it may be impossible to derive a meaningful developmental index
developmentally delayed children
Age-equivalent scores are easy for parents to understand, but they must be interpreted carefully because they can be misleading.
Criterion-referenced tests are used to measure a person’s (child) mastery of a set of _______
behavioral objectives
- Items usually have a direct relationship to functional tasks
The criterion-referenced test is one in which scores are interpreted on the basis of absolute criteria. They are designed to provide information on how
children perform on a specific task.
- Such tests are usually developed by the teacher or researcher and can be used for research involving a com- parison of groups, just as norm-referenced tests are used.
Norm-referenced or standardized tests use normative values as standards for interpreting individual test scores. The purpose of standardized tests is to make a comparison between a particular child and…
the “norm” or “average” of a group of children
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/199/534/899/a_image_thumb.png?1477396266)
The percentile score indicates the number of children of the same age or grade level (or whatever is used for a source of comparison) who would be expected to score lower than the child tested. For example, a child who scores in the 75th percentile on a norm-referenced test…
has done better than 75% of the children in the norm group.
A raw score is the total of _________that are passed or correct on a particular test.
individual items
- On many tests, this will require establishing a basal and ceiling level of performance. The number of items required to achieve a basal or ceiling level varies from one test to another.
-
Basal level: item preceding the earliest failed item.
- for PDMS-II, it is passing 3 items in a row going backward.
-
Ceiling: Item representing the most difficult
- for PDMS-II it is failing 3 items in a row.
Reliability refers to consistency or _______ between measurements in a series
repeatability
- Types of reliability include interobserver and test–retest.
- Simply stated, this type of reliability determines whether the same or similar scores are achieved when the test is repeated under identical conditions.
There are two types of criterion-related validity:
- Concurrent validity relates the performance on the test to performance on another well-known and accepted test that measures the same knowledge or behavior.
- Predictive validity means that the child’s performance on the test predicts some actual behavior.
Sensitivity can be defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly those who
actually have a disorder.
High sensitivity results in few false-negative scores.
Specificity refers to the ability of the test to identify correctly those who
do not have the disorder.
High specificity results in few false-positive scores.
Professionals watch as children interact
with selected play materials often with other children. Materials are arranged to allow
observation of the areas or skills to assess:
Play Based Assessment
- Multiple members of the team, professionals and parents observe the child at the same time.
- Each records information related to their area of practice.
- Can be done via video, one way mirrors:
Arena Assesment
Standard error of measurement (SEM) is a measure of reliability that indicates the…
precision of an individual test score.
- The SEM gives an estimate of the margin of error associated with a particular test score and is related to the probability of observing a score at a given interval.
- The SEM can be used to develop confidence intervals for interpreting the accuracy of a test score.
Tests for the neonate:
- APGAR
- NBAS or Brazelton (Behavioral Assessment Scale)
- Infanib
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS or Brazelton):
- Neonate: 37-48 weeks gestational age
- Criterion referenced
- Assess response to environment:
- 2 parts: reflexes, and environment (cudle)
Infanib:
- Neonates: Up to 18 month, including pre-terms
- Simple to do: Incorpartes french angles
- Predictive and diagnostic.
- Test for tone.
Apgar:
- done at 1, 5, 10 minutes after birth
- scored 0 - 10: the higher the healthier
- HR, RR, muscle tone, color, response to catheter in nostril
Neonate score an Apgar 4/10 at 10 minutes:
may need suport in NICU