Pediatric Kidney Flashcards
Ultrasound of the pediatric urinary tract should include
(KUB)
both kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
Exam of the pediatric patient should include bladder volume and post void images of both the kidneys and bladder
true
How do infant renals differ from adults
- central echo complex less prominent compared to renal parenchyma, due to less peripelvic fat
- medullary pyramids are larger and more prominent
- corticomedullary differentiation is greater
- some ‘renal lobulations’ may remain
- cortex of the infant kidney has similar echogenicity as liver parenchyma
Where are the ureters visualized
posterior and laterally into bladder, maybe visualized as base of bladder
where is the adrenal gland located
superior to upper pole of kidney
the thin echogenic core of the adrenal gland is the
adrenal medulla
the less echogenic ring surrounding the medulla is the
adrenal cortex
initial diagnostic imaging method of choice when a renal or adrenal abnormality is suspected in the neonate
sonography
List 5 indications for renal imaging in the newborn
flank masses anuria hematuria sepsis urinary tract infection
The conditions usually indicated the renal study is for _______the kidneys with no particular renal symptoms present
screening
accounts for the vast majority of palpable abdominal masses in the neonate
hydronephrosis
list 3 possible causes of hydronephrosis
- ureteropelvic junction obstruction
- posterior urethral valves
- ectopic ureterocele
The best way to demonstrate the dilated ureters at the ureteropelvic junction is with a
coronal scan plane
most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in the male neonate
uteropelvic junction obstruction/posterior urethral valves
results from an ectopic insertion and cystic dilation of the distal ureter of the upper pole of a completely duplicated renal collecting system. it is seen as a fluid mass within the urinary bladder
ectopic ureterocele
has a classic appearance of a unilateral mass resembling a bunch of grapes, which represents a cluster of discrete non-communicating cysts, the largest of which are peripheral
multicystic dysplastic kidney
bilateral occurrence is fatal. T or F
true
most likely to occur in the dehydrated or septic infant and is more prevalent in infants of diabetic mothers
renal vein thrombosis
when evaluating renal vein thrombosis, what helps the sonographer identify flow is present, reversed or obstructed
color doppler
most common renal tumor of the neonate and young infant. the tumor is benign but is indistinguishable from a wilm’s tumor by any method of imaging and may invade adjacent structures, so nephrectomy is indicated
congenital mesoblastic nephroma
congenital mesoblastic nephroma is seen in children
less than 1 year
wilm’s tumor commonly occurs in children that are
more than 1 year
abnormal persistence of fetal renal blastoma, which has the potential to develop into wilm’s tumor
nephroblastomatosis
what may occur spontaneously and many pediatric laboratories will monitor both types of patients with ultrasound
wilm’s tumor
