Thorax Evaluation by Sonography

Question 1

List 3 indications for ultrasound guidance

Answer 1

vein mapping
amniocentesis
musculoskeletal pain injections

Question 2

What type of medication must be discontinued by the patient for a period of time before a biopsy can be performed

Answer 2

anticoagulants

Question 3

A patient should always be informed of

Answer 3

potential risks and what to expect during a biopsy procedure

Question 4

One of the necessary steps of the biopsy procedure

Answer 4

sterile preparation

Question 5

National safety standard set by JCAHO performed in order to verify patient information

Answer 5

Time out AKA procedural pause

Question 6

Special precautions may need to be taken pre-biopsy for patients with

Answer 6

coagulopathy issues

Question 7

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity

Answer 7

pneumothorax

Question 8

what type of imaging artifact is seen with pnuemothorax

Answer 8

comet tail

Question 9

what is the purpose of a thoracentesis and paracentesis

Answer 9

to decrease accumulated fluid

Question 10

the sheaths that encase the rectus abdominus muscles join at the midline to form the

Answer 10

linea alba

Question 11

if a rectus sheath hematoma occurs _______ to the arcuate line it may cross midline and extend into the pelvis

Answer 11

inferior

Question 12

adrenal hemorrhage is most common in what type of patient

Answer 12

neonate

Question 13

may or may not result in a hyper functioning of the adrenal gland

Answer 13

an adrenal adenoma

Question 14

the Crus of the diaphragm is located anterior to the _____ and posterior to the _____

Answer 14

aorta

ivc

Question 15

describe the sonographic appearance of the adrenal cortex

Answer 15

hypoechoic and typically less echogenic than the surrounding retroperitoneal fat

Question 16

the adrenal medulla is seen as an ______ linear structure within the adrenal gland

Answer 16

echogenic

Question 17

what percent of patients with an adrenal neuroblastoma will present with metastatic disease

Answer 17

50%

Question 18

Which portion of the adrenal gland produces steroid hormones

Answer 18

adrenal cortex

Question 19

what portion of the adrenal gland produces catecholamines

Answer 19

adrenal medulla

Question 20

a myelolipoma is associated with which imaging artifact

Answer 20

propagation speed artifact

Question 21

most common extra-cranial, solid, childhood malignancy

Answer 21

adrenal neuroblastoma

Question 22

results in excessive cortisol secretion due to an increase in ACTH, from the pituitary adenoma

Answer 22

cushing’s disease

Question 23

adrenal virilism/androgenital syndrome results in excessive androgen secretion which produces symptoms such as

Answer 23

hirsutism
baldness
acne
amenorrhea

Question 24

an excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 24

ascites

Question 25

List the causes of ascites

Answer 25

``` cirrhosis heart failure cancer nephrotic syndrome budd-chiari syndrome hypoalbuminemia ```

Question 26

most common tumor of the adrenal gland occurring during infancy

Answer 26

adrenal neuroblastoma

Question 27

an adrenal tumor originating in the adrenal medulla that secretes catecholamines

Answer 27

adrenal pheochromocytoma

Question 28

what is the most common lymphoma cell type

Answer 28

non hodgkin disease