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ABD/SMALL PARTS II > GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

the digestive tract is also known as the

A

alimentary tract

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2
Q

the alimentary tract runs from the

A

mouth to the anus

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3
Q

name the 6 main components of the digestive tract

A 
mouth
pharynx 
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
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4
Q

the gastrointestinal tract is the part of the alimentary tract that is located

A

below the diaphragm

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5
Q

the gastrointestinal tract below the diaphragm includes

A

distal esophagus to anus

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6
Q

wave like sequential contraction of the muscles in the esophageal wall

A

peristalsis

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7
Q

what are the 3 parts of the stomach

A

fundus
body
pyloris

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8
Q

what are the 3 sections of the pyloris

A

antrum
pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter

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9
Q

thick folds of mucosal and submucosal layers of the stomach wall that disappear when the stomach is distended

A

rugae

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10
Q

what are the 3 segments of the small intestines

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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11
Q

how many portions is the duodenum composed of

A

4

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12
Q

which portions of the duodenum are longitudinal

A

2nd and 4th

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13
Q

which portions of the duodenum are transverse

A

1st and 3rd

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14
Q

the ampulla of vater is located in which segment of the duodenum

A

descending (2nd)

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15
Q

large folds of mucous membrane that project into the lumen of the small intestine to slow the passage of food and further increase absorption

A

valvulae conniventes

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16
Q

what is shorter in length and larger in diameter than the small intestine

A

large intestine

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17
Q

segments of the large intestine

A

haustra

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18
Q

pouch like structure where the ileum joins the large intestine

A

cecum

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19
Q

narrow tube with a blind end that dangles from the cecum containing lymphatic tissue

A

appendix

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20
Q

list the 8 items that the large intestine consists of

A 
ascending colon
transverse colon
hepatic flexure
descending colon
splenic flexure
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
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21
Q

the ascending and transverse large intestine is supplied by branches of the

A

SMA

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22
Q

the descending, sigmoid, and rectum are supplied by branches of the

A

interior mesenteric artery (IMA)

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23
Q

dilated inflamed branches of the rectal veins

A

hemorrhoids

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24
Q

how many layers of the bowel wall are there

A

5

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25
which bowel wall layers are echogenic
off numbers
26
which layers are hypoechoic
even numbers
27
what 2 names for the sonographic pattern created by intestinal pathology
target or psuedokidney
28
what is the average total thickness of bowel wall if distended
3mm
29
what is the average thickness if the bowel is undistended
5mm
30
bowel gas does what to the sound bean and produces dirty shadows
scatters
31
any areas of special interest are evaluated with
compression sonography
32
what is compression sonography
slow graded compression with the transducer is used to displace gas and compress loops of normal bowel
33
list 6 ways to determine if a cystic LUQ mass is the stomach or not
1. are there any bubbles 2. nasogastric trube 3. can we make it bigger 4. does it change shape 5. does the wall move 6. is there a swirl effect
34
what can be seen as a target shaped structure anterior to the aorta, posterior to the left lobe of the liver and inferior to the diaphragm in the sagittal plane
gastroesophageal junction
35
what sign refers to the sonographic appearance of the valvulae conniventes as linear structures closely spaced along the wall of the duodenum and jejunum
keyboard
36
the wall of the ileum should be
less than 3mm thick
37
where is the appendix located
RLQ, near abdominal wall under McBurney's Point
38
how can mcburney's point be located
drawing an imaginary line from right anteriosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus
39
what is a bezoar
mass of foreign material of food which can't be digested
40
what is the sonographic appearance of a polyp
echogenic or heterogeneous intraluminal mass attached to the bowel wall
41
an open sore in the inner surface of the bowel wall caused by digestive acid eating into the gastric wall
peptic ulcer
42
most common malignant tumor of the GI tract
gastric carcinoma
43
name the 5 tumor presentations of gastric carcinoma
1. ulcerated 2. diffuse 3. polypoid 4. superficial 5. a combination of any of the above
44
what are the 6 symptoms associated with lymphoma
1. intestinal blood loss 2. anorexia 3. nausea 4. vomiting 5. weight loss 6. abdominal pain
45
gastric cancer that arises from the muscle tissue
leiomyosarcoma
46
what are the 3 most common sources for metastatic disease of the GI tract
melanoma lung breast
47
where does metastatic disease of the bowel arise from
submucosal layer of the bowel wall
48
what is the most common cause of acute abdomen presentation
acute appendicitis
49
name the 4 sonographic criteria for diagnosing an inflammatory appendix
1. non-compressive appendix 2. 6mm diameter 3. appendicolith 4. color flow hyperemia may be observed
50
what are 4 symptoms of acute appendicitis
1. RLQ pain with rebound tenderness at mcburney's point 2. nausea/vomiting 3. leukocytosis 4. fever
51
in children acute appendicitis can progress to perforation in as little as
6 to 12 hours
52
calcification in the appendix, which is considered a positive diagnosis of appendicitis regardless of appendix diameter
appendolith
53
rare accumulation of mucous within the appendix due to obstruction
mucocele
54
what lab values may be elevated with mucocele
1. elevated sedimentation rate 2. leukocytosis 3. may also see elevated CEA
55
congenital anomaly present in approximately 2% of the population, characterized by a blind ended protrusion that arises from the posterior side of the ileum approx
meckel's diverticulum
56
an outpouching of the colon wall
diverticulum
57
inflammation of the diverticulum of the colon
diverticulitis
58
what are the symptoms associated with diverticulitis
1. rectal bleeding 2. bowel obstruction 3. abdominal tenderness
59
what is the sonographic appearance of diverticulitis
thickening of bowel wall greater than 4mm abscess formation inflamed diverticula
60
chronic inflammatory disorder of the GI tract that usually involves the distal ileum and colon, but may involve the rest of the bowel
crohn's disease
61
what refers to bowel that is found to be diseased in a segment followed by a segment of normal bowel followed by another segment of diseased bowel
skip lesion
62
refers to increased blood flow in areas of inflammation seen with color doppler
hyperemia
63
what are two complications associated with crohn's disease
abscess formation | fistula formation
64
what are two complications associated with crohn's disease
abscess formation | fistula formation
65
what is the sonographic appearance of intussusception
concentric rings of bowel
66
what are 3 other imaging methods that may be utilized to access crohns disease
transrectal transperineal transvaginal
67
what type of bowel obstruction refers to actual physical obstruction that limits progression of content through the lumen of the bowel
mechanical
68
what type of bowel obstruction refers to paralysis of the intestinal muscles which impedes motion of material through the bowel
functional
69
name the symptoms of bowel obstruction
1. abdominal distention 2. pain 3. vomiting 4. hypotension 5. leukocytosis
70
should you always see peristalsis of the duodenum
yes
71
What are the 3 types of bezoars
trichobezoar phytobezoar concretions
72
what is the most common tumor of the stomach
leoimyoma

ABD/SMALL PARTS II (10 decks)

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