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ABD/SMALL PARTS II > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What of the liver parenchyma is used as a comparison to evaluate other abdominal organs and glands

A

echogenicity and texture

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2
Q

What lobe of the liver is located in the epigastric area of the abdomen

A

left

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3
Q

what lobe is the largest lobe of the liver

A

right

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4
Q

what is the passageway for the IVC

A

IVC fossa

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5
Q

the indentation on the surface of the liver where the gallbladder is located

A

gallbladder fossa

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6
Q

tongue like extension of the inferior tip of right lobe of the liver

A

riedel’s lobe

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7
Q

the liver is attached to the diaphragm and anterior to the abdominal wall by the ________, which runs from the diaphragm to the umbilicus

A

falciform ligament

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8
Q

appears as an echogenic round structure on sonogram near he left portal vein. it separates the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver

A

ligamentum teres

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9
Q

what forms the anterior border of the caudate lobe of the liver, separating it from the left lobe

A

ligamentum venosum

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10
Q

What structures make up the portal triad

A

main portal vein
proper hepatic artery
common hepatic duct (CBD)

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11
Q

the anterior branch of the right portal vein marks the central portion of the ______segment of the _______ lobe of the liver

A

anterior

right

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12
Q

the posterior branch of the right portal vein marks the central portion of the ______ segment of the ______lobe

A

posterior

right

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13
Q

the horizontal segment of the left portal vein separates the ______ lobe from the ______segment of the _______ lobe

A

caudate
medial
left

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14
Q

what artery is one of the structures in the portal triad that travels along side and branches with the portal vein

A

hepatic

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15
Q

hepatocytes convert dietary fats to ______ so they can be transported through the body for use or storage

A

lipoproteins

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16
Q

The liver is the main site for synthesis of

A

cholesterol

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17
Q

liver enzyme that is present in various metabolically active tissues. the abbreviation is used for it is

A

aspartate aminotransferase

AST, SGOT

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18
Q

an enzyme more specific to liver damage than the previous enzyme mentioned, but not obstruction. it is abbreviated as

A

alanine aminotransferase

ALT, SGPT

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19
Q

lab value primarily used to detect cell death in heart/lungs. it is abbreviated as

A

lactic acid dehydrogenase

LDH

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20
Q

is a test that measures the time it takes blood to clot

A

prothrombin time

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21
Q

function by where the liver filters foreign chemicals from the blood

A

detoxification

22
Q

the focus should be adjusted to be at or just ______ the area of interest

A

posterior

23
Q

even if a liver ultrasound is ordered the sonographer will include images of the ______, unless it has been surgically removed

A

gallbladder

24
Q

what are common locations in the liver for fatty sparing and focal fatty infiltration to occur

A

porta hepatis
caudate lobe
liver margins

25
Q

what type of hepatitis makes up 60% of hepatitis cases in the US. It is spread by blood/body fluids

A

Type b

26
Q

hepatitis may result in an elevation of which lab values? and a decrease in what?

A

AST, ALT, and bilirubin

WBC count

27
Q

what is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the western hemisphere

A

alcohol abuse

28
Q

the liver of a cirrhosis patient has a _______ echo texture

A

coarse

29
Q

cirrhosis patients are at increased risk for what type of cancer

A

hepatocellular cancer

30
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma is also known as

A

hepatoma

31
Q

candidiasis is also known as _____ abscess

A

fungal

32
Q

what are the sonographic appearances of candidiasis/fungal abscess

A

wheel within a wheel
bullseye
uniformly hypoechoic focus
echogenic focus

33
Q

two sonographic findings associated with hepatic lipoma are

A

hyperechoic mass

propagation speed artifact

34
Q

which lobe of the liver is typically spared from the atrophy effects of budd-chiari syndrome, due to emissary veins

A

caudate

35
Q

echogenicity of nomal structures in decreasing order (hyperechoic to hypoechoic)

A

renal sinus
pancreas
spleen/liver
renal cortex

36
Q

The liver fills RUQ and extends across

A

epigastrium to left mammary line

37
Q

Superior border of the liver is covered by

A

the diaphram

38
Q

receives branches from both the right and left portal veins

A

caudate lobe

39
Q

what is the portal triad encased in that is a fibro-fatty sheath

A

glisson’s capsule

40
Q

the portal triad and glisson’s capsule have

A

hyperechoic walls`

41
Q

portal vein flow is

A

hepatopedal (toward the liver)

42
Q

the portal vein provides approx _____ of the liver’s blood flow and _____ of its oxygen

A

75%

60%

43
Q

name all the ligaments and fissures

A 
main lobar fissure
falciform ligament
ligamentumteres
ligamentum venosum
rt and lt intersegmental fissure
rt and lt triangular ligaments
44
Q

remnant of the fetal umbilical vein which runs from the umbilicus to the left portal vein

A

ligamentum teres

45
Q

the liver is a storage site for

A

iron and some vitamins

46
Q

often elevated with chronic liver disease

A

GGT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

47
Q

What two hepatic enzymes go together

A

AST & SGOT

48
Q

3 major hepatic enzymes

A 
aspartase aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT)
alkaline phosphatase
49
Q

what leaks into the tissues and makes a patient jaundiced

A

bilirubin

50
Q

unconjugated and hasn’t been processed through the live

A

indirect bilirubin

51
Q

conjugated and has been processed through the liver

A

direct bilirubin

52
Q

direct bilirubin is found in

A

bile (poop)

ABD/SMALL PARTS II (10 decks)

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