Liver Flashcards
What of the liver parenchyma is used as a comparison to evaluate other abdominal organs and glands
echogenicity and texture
What lobe of the liver is located in the epigastric area of the abdomen
left
what lobe is the largest lobe of the liver
right
what is the passageway for the IVC
IVC fossa
the indentation on the surface of the liver where the gallbladder is located
gallbladder fossa
tongue like extension of the inferior tip of right lobe of the liver
riedel’s lobe
the liver is attached to the diaphragm and anterior to the abdominal wall by the ________, which runs from the diaphragm to the umbilicus
falciform ligament
appears as an echogenic round structure on sonogram near he left portal vein. it separates the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver
ligamentum teres
what forms the anterior border of the caudate lobe of the liver, separating it from the left lobe
ligamentum venosum
What structures make up the portal triad
main portal vein
proper hepatic artery
common hepatic duct (CBD)
the anterior branch of the right portal vein marks the central portion of the ______segment of the _______ lobe of the liver
anterior
right
the posterior branch of the right portal vein marks the central portion of the ______ segment of the ______lobe
posterior
right
the horizontal segment of the left portal vein separates the ______ lobe from the ______segment of the _______ lobe
caudate
medial
left
what artery is one of the structures in the portal triad that travels along side and branches with the portal vein
hepatic
hepatocytes convert dietary fats to ______ so they can be transported through the body for use or storage
lipoproteins
The liver is the main site for synthesis of
cholesterol
liver enzyme that is present in various metabolically active tissues. the abbreviation is used for it is
aspartate aminotransferase
AST, SGOT
an enzyme more specific to liver damage than the previous enzyme mentioned, but not obstruction. it is abbreviated as
alanine aminotransferase
ALT, SGPT
lab value primarily used to detect cell death in heart/lungs. it is abbreviated as
lactic acid dehydrogenase
LDH
is a test that measures the time it takes blood to clot
prothrombin time
function by where the liver filters foreign chemicals from the blood
detoxification
the focus should be adjusted to be at or just ______ the area of interest
posterior
even if a liver ultrasound is ordered the sonographer will include images of the ______, unless it has been surgically removed
gallbladder
what are common locations in the liver for fatty sparing and focal fatty infiltration to occur
porta hepatis
caudate lobe
liver margins
what type of hepatitis makes up 60% of hepatitis cases in the US. It is spread by blood/body fluids
Type b
hepatitis may result in an elevation of which lab values? and a decrease in what?
AST, ALT, and bilirubin
WBC count
what is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the western hemisphere
alcohol abuse
the liver of a cirrhosis patient has a _______ echo texture
coarse
cirrhosis patients are at increased risk for what type of cancer
hepatocellular cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma is also known as
hepatoma
candidiasis is also known as _____ abscess
fungal
what are the sonographic appearances of candidiasis/fungal abscess
wheel within a wheel
bullseye
uniformly hypoechoic focus
echogenic focus
two sonographic findings associated with hepatic lipoma are
hyperechoic mass
propagation speed artifact
which lobe of the liver is typically spared from the atrophy effects of budd-chiari syndrome, due to emissary veins
caudate
echogenicity of nomal structures in decreasing order (hyperechoic to hypoechoic)
renal sinus
pancreas
spleen/liver
renal cortex
The liver fills RUQ and extends across
epigastrium to left mammary line
Superior border of the liver is covered by
the diaphram
receives branches from both the right and left portal veins
caudate lobe
what is the portal triad encased in that is a fibro-fatty sheath
glisson’s capsule
the portal triad and glisson’s capsule have
hyperechoic walls`
portal vein flow is
hepatopedal (toward the liver)
the portal vein provides approx _____ of the liver’s blood flow and _____ of its oxygen
75%
60%
name all the ligaments and fissures
main lobar fissure falciform ligament ligamentumteres ligamentum venosum rt and lt intersegmental fissure rt and lt triangular ligaments
remnant of the fetal umbilical vein which runs from the umbilicus to the left portal vein
ligamentum teres
the liver is a storage site for
iron and some vitamins
often elevated with chronic liver disease
GGT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
What two hepatic enzymes go together
AST & SGOT
3 major hepatic enzymes
aspartase aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) alkaline phosphatase
what leaks into the tissues and makes a patient jaundiced
bilirubin
unconjugated and hasn’t been processed through the live
indirect bilirubin
conjugated and has been processed through the liver
direct bilirubin
direct bilirubin is found in
bile (poop)
