Liver

Question 1

What of the liver parenchyma is used as a comparison to evaluate other abdominal organs and glands

Answer 1

echogenicity and texture

Question 2

What lobe of the liver is located in the epigastric area of the abdomen

Answer 2

left

Question 3

what lobe is the largest lobe of the liver

Answer 3

right

Question 4

what is the passageway for the IVC

Answer 4

IVC fossa

Question 5

the indentation on the surface of the liver where the gallbladder is located

Answer 5

gallbladder fossa

Question 6

tongue like extension of the inferior tip of right lobe of the liver

Answer 6

riedel’s lobe

Question 7

the liver is attached to the diaphragm and anterior to the abdominal wall by the ________, which runs from the diaphragm to the umbilicus

Answer 7

falciform ligament

Question 8

appears as an echogenic round structure on sonogram near he left portal vein. it separates the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver

Answer 8

ligamentum teres

Question 9

what forms the anterior border of the caudate lobe of the liver, separating it from the left lobe

Answer 9

ligamentum venosum

Question 10

What structures make up the portal triad

Answer 10

main portal vein
proper hepatic artery
common hepatic duct (CBD)

Question 11

the anterior branch of the right portal vein marks the central portion of the ______segment of the _______ lobe of the liver

Answer 11

anterior

right

Question 12

the posterior branch of the right portal vein marks the central portion of the ______ segment of the ______lobe

Answer 12

posterior

right

Question 13

the horizontal segment of the left portal vein separates the ______ lobe from the ______segment of the _______ lobe

Answer 13

caudate
medial
left

Question 14

what artery is one of the structures in the portal triad that travels along side and branches with the portal vein

Answer 14

hepatic

Question 15

hepatocytes convert dietary fats to ______ so they can be transported through the body for use or storage

Answer 15

lipoproteins

Question 16

The liver is the main site for synthesis of

Answer 16

cholesterol

Question 17

liver enzyme that is present in various metabolically active tissues. the abbreviation is used for it is

Answer 17

aspartate aminotransferase

AST, SGOT

Question 18

an enzyme more specific to liver damage than the previous enzyme mentioned, but not obstruction. it is abbreviated as

Answer 18

alanine aminotransferase

ALT, SGPT

Question 19

lab value primarily used to detect cell death in heart/lungs. it is abbreviated as

Answer 19

lactic acid dehydrogenase

LDH

Question 20

is a test that measures the time it takes blood to clot

Answer 20

prothrombin time

Question 21

function by where the liver filters foreign chemicals from the blood

Answer 21

detoxification

Question 22

the focus should be adjusted to be at or just ______ the area of interest

Answer 22

posterior

Question 23

even if a liver ultrasound is ordered the sonographer will include images of the ______, unless it has been surgically removed

Answer 23

gallbladder

Question 24

what are common locations in the liver for fatty sparing and focal fatty infiltration to occur

Answer 24

porta hepatis
caudate lobe
liver margins

Question 25

what type of hepatitis makes up 60% of hepatitis cases in the US. It is spread by blood/body fluids

Answer 25

Type b

Question 26

hepatitis may result in an elevation of which lab values? and a decrease in what?

Answer 26

AST, ALT, and bilirubin | WBC count

Question 27

what is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the western hemisphere

Answer 27

alcohol abuse

Question 28

the liver of a cirrhosis patient has a _______ echo texture

Answer 28

coarse

Question 29

cirrhosis patients are at increased risk for what type of cancer

Answer 29

hepatocellular cancer

Question 30

hepatocellular carcinoma is also known as

Answer 30

hepatoma

Question 31

candidiasis is also known as _____ abscess

Answer 31

fungal

Question 32

what are the sonographic appearances of candidiasis/fungal abscess

Answer 32

wheel within a wheel bullseye uniformly hypoechoic focus echogenic focus

Question 33

two sonographic findings associated with hepatic lipoma are

Answer 33

hyperechoic mass | propagation speed artifact

Question 34

which lobe of the liver is typically spared from the atrophy effects of budd-chiari syndrome, due to emissary veins

Answer 34

caudate

Question 35

echogenicity of nomal structures in decreasing order (hyperechoic to hypoechoic)

Answer 35

renal sinus pancreas spleen/liver renal cortex

Question 36

The liver fills RUQ and extends across

Answer 36

epigastrium to left mammary line

Question 37

Superior border of the liver is covered by

Answer 37

the diaphram

Question 38

receives branches from both the right and left portal veins

Answer 38

caudate lobe

Question 39

what is the portal triad encased in that is a fibro-fatty sheath

Answer 39

glisson's capsule

Question 40

the portal triad and glisson's capsule have

Answer 40

hyperechoic walls`

Question 41

portal vein flow is

Answer 41

hepatopedal (toward the liver)

Question 42

the portal vein provides approx _____ of the liver's blood flow and _____ of its oxygen

Answer 42

75% | 60%

Question 43

name all the ligaments and fissures

Answer 43

``` main lobar fissure falciform ligament ligamentumteres ligamentum venosum rt and lt intersegmental fissure rt and lt triangular ligaments ```

Question 44

remnant of the fetal umbilical vein which runs from the umbilicus to the left portal vein

Answer 44

ligamentum teres

Question 45

the liver is a storage site for

Answer 45

iron and some vitamins

Question 46

often elevated with chronic liver disease

Answer 46

GGT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

Question 47

What two hepatic enzymes go together

Answer 47

AST & SGOT

Question 48

3 major hepatic enzymes

Answer 48

``` aspartase aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) alkaline phosphatase ```

Question 49

what leaks into the tissues and makes a patient jaundiced

Answer 49

bilirubin

Question 50

unconjugated and hasn't been processed through the live

Answer 50

indirect bilirubin

Question 51

conjugated and has been processed through the liver

Answer 51

direct bilirubin

Question 52

direct bilirubin is found in

Answer 52

bile (poop)